Iceland Air Defence System

{{short description|Air surveillance branch of Iceland's military}}

Image:IADSRADAR.jpg

[[Image:IADS_RADAR_and_AD_Zone.png|thumb|Iceland Air Defence System Radar Coverage and Air Defence Zone.

{{legend|#007BA7|Air Defence Zone}}Icelandic air sovereignty starts{{legend|#6495ED|Approximate Radar coverage}}The four circular "bubbles" are visible]]

The Iceland Air Defence System ({{langx|is|Íslenska loftvarnarkerfið}}) is a part of the Icelandic Coast Guard. It was founded in 1987 under the Radar Agency of the Icelandic Ministry for Foreign Affairs after an agreement between Iceland and the United States on the takeover by the Icelanders of the operation and maintenance of the radar stations of the Iceland Defense Force.{{cite news |title=Er Ratsjárstofnun íslensk? |url=https://timarit.is/page/2916954 |access-date=27 July 2022 |work=Þjóðviljinn |date=9 September 1988 |page=5 |language=Icelandic |via=Tímarit.is}} {{open access}}{{cite web |title=Air Policing |url=http://www.aco.nato.int/page142085426.aspx |publisher=NATO |access-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124134809/http://www.aco.nato.int/page142085426.aspx |archive-date=24 January 2010}} Between 2009–2011, it was a part of the Icelandic Defence Agency (Varnarmálastofnun Íslands).{{cite news |title=Varnarmálastofnun Íslands tekin til starfa |url=https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2008/06/01/varnarmalastofnun_islands_tekin_til_starfa/ |access-date=3 June 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |date=1 June 2008 |language=Icelandic}}{{cite web |title=Saga varnarmála |url=https://www.lhg.is/um-okkur/sagan/nr/2134 |website=lhg,is |publisher=Icelandic Coast Guard |access-date=3 June 2021 |language=Icelandic}} It operates four radar complexes, a software and support facility as well as a command and report centre. {{As of|2008}}, it does not independently possess any offensive capabilities, but is primarily used instead to monitor air traffic and direct allied interceptors based out of country.{{Cite web|title=Íslenska loftvarnakerfið|url=https://www.lhg.is/varnarmal/loftrymisleit-og-islenska-loftvarnarkerfid/|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Landhelgisgæsla Íslands|language=is}}

The four facilities are located at the four intercardinal points:{{cite web |title=Íslenska loftvarnakerfið |url=https://www.lhg.is/varnarmal/loftrymisleit-og-islenska-loftvarnarkerfid |website=lhg.is |publisher=Icelandic Coast Guard |access-date=28 July 2022 |language=Icelandic}}

• H-1 Miðnesheiði in the Reykjanes peninsula (south-west){{Coord|64|01|18.5|N|022|39|22.8|W|name=Miðnesheiði AS H-1|display=inline}}
• H-2 Gunnólfsvíkurfjall in the Langanes peninsula (nord-east){{Coord|66|08|40.5|N|015|05|21|W|name=Gunnólfsvíkurfjall AS H-2A|display=inline}}
• H-3 Stokksnes near Höfn (south-east){{Coord|64|14|26.7|N|014|57|45.9|W|name=Stokksnes AS H-1|display=inline}}
• H-4 Bolafjall close to Bolungarvík in the Westfjords peninsula (nord-west){{Coord|66|10|40.4|N|023|19|41|W|name=Bolungarvík AS H-1|display=inline}}

Two older structures, H-2 (Heidharhofn {{Coord|66|16|42.7|N|014|59|33.2|W|name=Bolungarvík AS H-1|display=inline}}) and H-4 (Straumnes), were erected by the US and NATO in the late 1950s but where closed few years later due to high operation costs.{{cite news |author1=Friðþór Kr. Eydal |title=Ratsjárstöðvar í Aðalvík |url=https://timarit.is/page/1747736 |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=Morgunblaðið |date=26 July 1991 |pages=14–15 |language=Icelandic |via=Tímarit.is}} {{open access}} The new H-2 and H-4 where build almost three decades later.

According to the U.S. Department of State website (Office of Public Diplomacy, Iceland page, updated August 2008), the 2008 budget for the Government of Iceland is the first in the country's history to include funding for defence (US$8.2 million); the money is earmarked for support of cooperative defence activities, military exercises in Iceland, and maintenance of defence-related facilities. This funding is in addition to roughly US$12 million in new expenditures for the operation of the Iceland Air Defence System radar sites, which the United States handed over to Iceland on August 15, 2007. At the start of 2010 Iceland Air Defence reported having a force of 25 employees.