Ideain
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = File:Ideain_Chloride.svg
| ImageAlt = Structure of ideain chloride
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames = Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 27661-36-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = FC7L938Y12
| KEGG = C08647
| ChemSpiderID = 390306
| PubChem = 46783719
| SMILES = C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O.[Cl-]
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C21H21ClO11 (chloride), C21H21O11+ (cation)
| MolarMass = 484.83 g/mol (chloride), 449.38 g/mol (cation)
| Appearance =
| Density =
| LambdaMax = 528 nm (in methanol)
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility =
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
}}
Ideain, the cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, is an anthocyanin, a type of plant pigment.
Natural occurrences
Ideain is the main anthocyanin in red-skinnedDetermination of Polyphenolic Profiles of Basque Cider Apple Varieties Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction. R. M. Alonso-Salces, E. Korta, A. Barranco, L. A. Berrueta, B. Gallo and F. Vicente, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, volume 49, pages 3761−3767, {{doi|10.1021/jf010021}} or red-fleshed (for example Weirouge)Chemical quality parameters and anthocyanin pattern of red-fleshed Weirouge apples. E. Sadilova, F. C. Stintzing and R. Carle, Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 2006, volume 80, pages 82-87 ([http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JABFQ/article/view/2193 link to abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921083657/http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JABFQ/article/view/2193 |date=2016-09-21 }}) apple varieties. It is also found in Chinese hawthorn fruits (Crataegus spp.).Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Pengzhan Liu, Heikki Kallio, Deguo Lü, Chuansheng Zhou, Baoru Yang, Food Chemistry, Volume 127, Issue 3, 1 August 2011, Pages 1370–1377, {{doi|10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.103}} It is also the pigment in the copper beech (cultivar of Fagus sylvatica), that was identified in 1932.{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=R. |last2=Smith |first2=H. |title=Anthocyanins of the Leaf of the Copper Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and the Fruit of the Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana). |journal=Nature |date=1955 |volume=175 |page=634 |doi=10.1038/175634a0|doi-access=free }}
While it is only one in the many anthocyanins present in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus)Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanins by high-resolution gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. A. Baj, E. Bombardelli, B. Gabetta and E.M. Martinelli, Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 279, 25 November 1983, Pages 365-372, {{doi|10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93636-2}} and cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon),Urinary Excretion of Anthocyanins in Humans after Cranberry Juice Ingestion. Ryoko Ohnishi, Hideyuki Ito, Naoki Kasajima, Miyuki Kaneda, Reiko Kariyama, Hiromi Kumon, Tsutomu Hatano and Takashi Yoshida, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2006, Volume 70, Issue 7, pages 1681-1687, {{DOI:10.1271/bbb.60023}} it is the main anthocyanin in lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea).Urinary Excretion of the Main Anthocyanin in Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), Cyanidin 3-O-Galactoside, and Its Metabolites. Henna-Maria Lehtonen, Milla Rantala, Jukka-Pekka Suomela, Matti Viitanen and Heikki Kallio, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57 (10), pages 4447–4451, {{doi|10.1021/jf900894k}}
Quintinia serrata, the tawheowheo, a species of evergreen trees endemic to New Zealand, has different patterns of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside) in its leaves to protect the shade-adapted chloroplasts from direct sun light.Functional role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Quintinia serrata A. Cunn. Kevin S. Gould, Kenneth R. Markham, Richard H. Smith and Jessica J. Goris, J. Exp. Bot., 2000, volume 51, issue 347, pages 1107-1115, {{doi|10.1093/jexbot/51.347.1107}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.extrasynthese.com/products-catalog/anthocyanid/ideain-chloride-p4837111-c0923-s.html Ideain chloride at extrasynthese.com]
- {{phenol-explorer|8}}
{{Anthocyanidin}}