Iduna language

The inventory of the Iduna language consists of 14 consonant phonemes.{{harvp|Sampson and Huckett|1965|pp=3-4}}.

Voiced plosives generally contrast with their unvoiced counterparts, except for the bilabial series, where {{IPA|/b/}} varies freely between {{IPA|[b]}} and {{IPA|[p]}}. Moreover, the phoneme {{IPA|/g/}} is commonly realized as {{IPA|[g]}}, though for some speakers it may be pronounced as a voiced fricative {{IPA|[ɣ]}} without contrast. Finally, {{IPA|/t/}} has also two allophonic realizations: {{IPA|[t]}} occurs word-initially and word-medially before non-front vowels {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/o/}} or {{IPA|/u/}}, whereas {{IPA|[s]}} only appears before front vowels {{IPA|/i/}} or {{IPA|/e/}}.{{sfnp|Sampson and Huckett|1965|pp=10-13}} Other minor allophonic realizations may occur. Among these variations only the last one is reflected in the orthography.

There are five vowel phonemes in Iduna.

Vowels have allophones too. The major allophonic variations are described in the following table. These include the double realization of {{IPA|/a/}}, which corresponds to {{IPA|[a]}} when found in stressed syllables, while it approximates {{IPA|[ʌ]}} in unstressed environments, and the nasal allophonic variant of {{IPA|/u/}}.{{sfnp|Sampson and Huckett|1965|pp=20-21}}

The language also has four monomoraic diphthongs: {{IPA|/ai/}}, {{IPA|/au/}}, {{IPA|/ao/}} and {{IPA|/oi/}}. These are distinguished from vowel sequences, which instead are bimoraic, e.g. the word {{lang|viv|giyauna}} {{IPA|[gi.jau.nʌ]|lang=viv}} 'he scrapes it' contrasts with {{lang|viv|giyauna}} {{IPA|[gi.ja.u.nʌ]|lang=viv}} 'he unties it'.{{sfnp|Sampson and Huckett|1965|pp=7-8}}

In Iduna consonant clusters are forbidden; therefore, there are only open syllables of type V, CV and CVV. Also, the special kind of sequence CuV is generally interpreted as CʷV.

The Iduna alphabet is shown in the following table:{{sfnp|Sampson and Huckett|1965|p=30}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|first=Nancy|last=Sampson|first2=Joyce|last2=Huckett|title=Vivigani Phonemes|year=1965|location=Ukarumpa|publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL)|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/42/70/50/4270502544820837684418878676583424492/Iduna_Vivigana_Phonemes.pdf|access-date=February 21, 2019|type=draft|ref={{harvid|Sampson and Huckett|1965}}}}
• {{cite book|first=Joyce|last=Huckett|editor=Healey, Alan|chapter=Notes on Iduna Grammar|year=1974|location=Ukarumpa|publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL)|title=Three studies in languages of eastern Papua|series=Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Languages 3|pages=63–133|chapter-url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/01/77/110177139600554986664145718377708015317/Notes_Iduna_Grammar.pdf|access-date=February 21, 2019}}
• {{cite book|first=Joyce|last=Huckett|editor=Loving, Richard|chapter=Iduna Sentence Structure|year=1976|title=Grammatical studies in Suena and Iduna|location=Ukarumpa|publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL)|series=Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Languages 15|pages=127–262|chapter-url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/87/50/138750487531734877005653697647806966446/3__Iduna_Sentence_Structure_Joyce_Huckett.pdf|access-date=February 21, 2019}}
• {{cite book|first=Joyce|last=Huckett|title=Vivigani language lessons|year=n.d.|type=draft|location=Papua New Guinea|publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL)|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/46/15/21/46152125179553723261014292449079808753/Iduna_Vivigana_Lang_Lessons.pdf|access-date=February 21, 2019}}

{{Papuan Tip languages}}

{{Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages}}

{{Languages of Papua New Guinea}}

Category:Nuclear Papuan Tip languages

Category:Languages of Milne Bay Province