Ignacio Bolívar

{{Short description|Spanish naturalist and entomologist}}

{{family name hatnote|Bolívar|Urrutia|lang=Spanish}}

{{Infobox person

| honorific-prefix = The Most Excellent

| name = Ignacio Bolívar

| honorific-suffix =

| image = Retrato de Ignacio Bolívar.jpg

| caption =

| birth_name = Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1850|11|09|df=y}}

| birth_place = Madrid, Spain

| death_date = {{death date and age|1944|11|19|1850|11|09|df=y}}

| death_place = Mexico City, Mexico

| yearsactive =

| othername =

| website =

| children = Cándido Bolívar Pieltain

| module = {{Infobox officeholder

| embed = yes

| office = Seat F of the Real Academia Española

| term_start = 18 January 1931

| term_end = 19 November 1944

| predecessor = {{ill|Eduardo Gómez de Baquero|es}}

| successor = {{ill|Emilio Fernández Galiano|es}}

}}

}}

Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia ({{IPA|es|iɣˈnasjo βoˈliβaɾjuˈrutja}}; 9 November 1850 – 19 November 1944) was a Spanish naturalist and entomologist, and one of the founding fathers of Spanish entomology. He helped found the Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Royal Spanish Natural History Society) in 1871, and was the author of several books and of over 1000 species.

He also encouraged other naturalists to study entomology, José María de la Fuente being one example. In this field he wrote more than 300 books and monographs and described more than thousand new species and about 200 genera.

After the Spanish Civil War he was exiled to Mexico when the nationalist government harshly repressed Republican militants and sympathisers. Here he was made Doctor honoris of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In Mexico he was devoted mainly to entomology and founded in 1940 the journal Ciencia (Science).