Ikarus 280
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{expand language|langcode=hu|date=April 2020}}
{{expand French|date=April 2020|topic=transport}}
{{expand language|langcode=ru|date=February 2021}}
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{{Infobox bus
|background =
|name = Ikarus 280
|image = Muzeum MHD, Ikarus 280.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption = Preserved Ikarus 280 at the Public Transport Museum, Prague in September 2013
|manufacturer = Ikarus
|factory = Szeged
|replaced =
|capacity = 93-160, depending on the door formula and seating arrangement
|length = {{convert|16500|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|width = {{convert|2500|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|height = {{convert|3165|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
|floortype = High-floor
|doors = 2 (Ikarus 280.10) to 4 (Ikarus 280.08)
|weight = {{convert|12580|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|grossweight =
|chassis = Semi-self-supporting with frame, inspired by VöV-1 design
|engine = Straight-six Diesel engines:
{{bulleted list|Rába-MAN D2156|Rába-MAN D2356|MAN D2866|Rába D10}}
|powerout = {{convert|141–184|kW|abbr=on}}
|transmission = Csepel ZF 6-speed manual
Csepel HAFO 6-speed manual
Praga 2M70 2-speed automatic
Voith DIWA
ZF Ecomat 4HP and 5HP
|predecessor = Ikarus 180
|successor = Ikarus 435
|related = Ikarus 256
Ikarus 260
Ikarus 293
Ikarus C80
}}
File:Brno, Řečkovice, autobus Ikarus 280 IV.JPG
Ikarus 280 was an articulated bus produced by Hungarian bus manufacturer Ikarus from 1973 to 2002.{{Cite web|url=http://fotobus.msk.ru/photo/422406/|title=Фото: Таджикистан, № 0171 ТТ 01 — Ikarus 280.33O — Фотобус|last=|first=|date=|website=fotobus.msk.ru|publisher=|access-date=15 October 2016}} It was succeeded by the Ikarus 435 in 1985.
Construction features
The Ikarus 280 is a model of the Ikarus 200 series. It is made of two rigid sections linked by a pivoting joint. The body is a semi-self-supporting body with a frame, the Raba-MAN D2156 inline-6 diesel engine is mounted in the front section.{{efn|Different batches with different engines also exist.}} It powers the middle axle, meaning that the bus has puller configuration. All three axles are air-sprung beam axles with additional telescopic shock absorbers. Both rear and middle axles were made by Rába, while the front axle was made by LiAZ.{{efn|Different batches with different axles also exist}} Either an automatic or a manual gearbox was installed that allowed a top speed of {{convert|65 to 90|km/h|mph}}. The manual gearboxes came in either five- or six-speed configuration, and were mated with a dry single-disc clutch. The Ikarus 280 has a pneumatic braking system, a spring loaded parking brake, and an exhaust brake. The steering is hydraulically assisted.Oswald, Werner (ed.): Kraftfahrzeuge der DDR, (2nd ed.), Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, {{ISBN|3-613-01913-2}}, p. 315 (in German) The buses, in actual applications, have a minimum of 26 seats, and space for up to 134 additional standing passengers.{{efn|This capacity corresponds to approximately seven standing passengers per square metre (or one per square feet)}}
Production and operation
Production started in 1973 and ended in 2002. The 280 was based on the Ikarus 200 platform and had many variants produced. Currently (2020), the number of Ikarus 280 buses in active service is declining, due to supply of new low-floor buses. The articulated buses 281(RHD), 282 and 283 ({{convert|18|metre|abbr=on}}-versions), 284 (pusher configuration), C80, C83, the articulated trolleybuses Ikarus 280T, 283T, 284T and the double articulated Ikarus 293 were based on the Ikarus 280.
{{PanoViewer|2 kvartal Kapotnya, Moskva, Russia - panoramio (7).jpg|Spherical panorama of Ikarus 280 bus interior in Moscow}}{{see also|Crown-Ikarus 286|Orion-Ikarus 286}}
Ikarus C80
Ikarus C80 is a limited-run reproduction of Ikarus 280 in the 2000s. It is slightly different from the original Ikarus 280 in a few regards. All are used by Hungarian company Volanbusz.
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="8" | Ikarus C80 subtypes |
| Subtype
! Engine ! Gearbox |
|---|
| C80.30A
| Rába D10 UTSLL | ZF 4HP 500/Voith-Diwa 851.3 |
| C80.30M
| Rába D10 UTSLL |ZF S6-120U |
| C80.33
| Rába D10 UTSLL | ZF S6-120U/ZF 4HP 500/Voith-Diwa 851.3 |
| C80.40A
| Rába D10 UTSLL | ZF 4HP 500/Voith-Diwa 851.3 |
| C80.40M
| Rába D10 UTSLL | ZF S6-120U |
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Commons category|Ikarus 280}}
{{Portal|Buses}}
{{reflist}}
{{Ikarus Buses}}