Ili Turki language

{{Short description|Endangered Turkic language in China}}

{{expand Chinese|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Ili Turki

| nativename = {{lang|ili|İlı turkeşi}}
{{lang|ili-Cyrl|И̇лı туркес̧и}}
{{lang|ili-Arab|ي̇لي تۋركەسي}}

| states = Xinjiang, China; Kazakhstan

| region =

| ethnicity = Ili Turks

| speakers = 30 families (2007, China)

| date =

| ref = e25

| speakers2 = moribund in Kazakhstan

| familycolor = Altaic

| fam1 = Turkic

| fam2 = Common Turkic

| fam3 = Karluk

| iso3 = ili

| glotto = ilit1241

| glottorefname = Ili Turki

| notice = IPA

| map = Lang Status 40-SE.svg

| mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Ili Turki is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}

}}

File:Ili.png

Ili Turki is an endangered{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Moseley |editor-first=Christopher |location=London}} Turkic language spoken primarily in China, of the Karluk branch of Turkic. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China. Speakers are shifting to Kazakh or Uyghur.

Geographic distribution

Ili Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.

Classification

Ili Turki appears to belong to the Karluk group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.{{Cite journal |last=Zhào |first=Xiāngrú |last2=Hahn |first2=Reinhard F. |date=1989 |title=The Ili Turk People and Their Language |journal=Central Asiatic Journal |volume=33 |issue=3/4 |pages=261–285 |jstor=41927706}}{{Cite journal |last=Hahn |first=Reinhard F. |date=1991 |title=An Annotated Sample of Ili Turki |journal=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=31–53 |jstor=23658071}}

A comparison of Ili Turki's Karluk and Kipchak features is shown below:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Kipchak & Chagatay features in Ili Turki

!   !!Kazakh (Kipchak)!!Ili Turki!!Uzbek (Karluk)!!English

*G > w after low vowels

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|taw}}

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|taw}}

|{{IPA|tɒɣ}}

|mountain

Genitive assimilation

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|tyje+niŋ}} / {{IPA|et+tiŋ}}

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|tʉjæ+nin}} / {{IPA|et+tin}}

|{{IPA|tʉjæ+niŋ}} / {{IPA|et+niŋ}}

|of the camel / of the meat

*G > w > Ø after high vowels

|{{IPA|sarɨ}}

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|sarɨq}}

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|sarɨq}}

|yellow

Loss of geminate consonants

|{{IPA|seɡiz}}

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|sekkiz}}

| bgcolor="silver" |{{IPA|sækkiz}}

|eight

Phonology

=Consonants=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants of Ili Turki

colspan="2" |

! Bilabial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Uvular

! colspan="1" | Glottal

align=center

! colspan="2" |Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

|

| {{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

|  

align=center

! rowspan="2" |Plosive

!voiceless

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

| {{IPA link|tʃ}}

| {{IPA link|k}}

| {{IPA link|q}}

|  

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|dʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|

| {{IPA link|s}}

| {{IPA link|ʃ}}

|

| {{IPA link|χ}}

| {{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|

|{{IPA link|z}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ʁ}}

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Tap

|

| {{IPA link|ɾ}}

|

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Approximant

|

| {{IPA link|l}}

| {{IPA link|j}}

| {{IPA link|w}}

|

|

=Vowels=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Vowels of Ili Turki

!rowspan="2"|

!rowspan="2"|Front

! colspan="2" |Central/Back

align=center

!unrounded

!rounded

align=center

!Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|ɨ}}

|{{IPA link|ʉ}}

align=center

!Mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɵ}}

align=center

!Open

|{{IPA link|æ}}

|{{IPA link|ɑ}}

|

Vocabulary

class="wikitable sortable"

! No. !! Ili Turki

1bir
2ekki
3ʉtʃ
4tɵrt
5beʃ
6altə
7jetti
8sekkiz
9tɵqqʉz
10ɵn

See also

References

{{reflist}}