Immuni

{{Short description|App chosen by the Italian Government for contact tracing}}

{{Infobox software

| name = Immuni

| logo = Logo of Immuni.png

| developer = Bending Spoons

| released = {{Start date and age|2020|06|01|df=y}}

| discontinued = {{Start date and age|2022|12|31|df=y}}

| programming language = Kotlin, Python, Swift

| operating system = Android and iOS

| language = English, French, German, Italian, Spanish

| language count = 5

| genre = COVID-19 app

| licence = GNU AGPLv3

}}

Immuni was an open-source COVID-19 contact tracing app used for digital contact tracing in Italy, dismissed on 31 December 2022, after a long and debated criticism for having been a failure due to the lack of trust placed by citizens.{{cite web|url=https://corriereinnovazione.corriere.it/2022/02/06/fallimento-immuni-occasione-tech-mancata-lotta-covid-c4e7118e-8419-11ec-9b6b-cb049c7004c9.shtml|title=Il fallimento di Immuni. Occasione tech mancata nella lotta al Covid|date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184637/https://corriereinnovazione.corriere.it/2022/02/06/fallimento-immuni-occasione-tech-mancata-lotta-covid-c4e7118e-8419-11ec-9b6b-cb049c7004c9.shtml|archive-date=22 January 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.sanitainformazione.it/salute/il-grande-fallimento-di-immuni-sullapp-presenti-solo-il-2-dei-positivi/|title=Il grande fallimento di Immuni. Sull'app presenti solo il 2% dei positivi|date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184524/https://www.sanitainformazione.it/salute/il-grande-fallimento-di-immuni-sullapp-presenti-solo-il-2-dei-positivi/|archive-date=22 January 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nonsprecare.it/fallimento-app-immuni|title=Il fallimento di Immuni è costato molto caro. L'equivalente in Germania funziona benissimo|date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184435/https://www.nonsprecare.it/fallimento-app-immuni|archive-date=22 January 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.lavoce.info/archives/70876/perche-immuni-non-piace/|title=Perché Immuni non piace|date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184338/https://www.lavoce.info/archives/70876/perche-immuni-non-piace/|archive-date=22 January 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.labparlamento.it/il-fallimento-di-immuni-spiegato-dagli-esperti/|title=Il fallimento di Immuni spiegato dagli esperti|date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122184212/https://www.labparlamento.it/il-fallimento-di-immuni-spiegato-dagli-esperti/|archive-date=22 January 2023}} Immuni COVID-19 contact-tracing app had in fact been downloaded only by 12% of Italians between 14 and 75 years old (the government had previously stated that, in order for the app to work properly, it should have been downloaded by at least 60% of Italians).{{cite web|url=https://iclg.com/ibr/articles/14076-lessons-from-the-italian-COVID-19-contact-tracing-fiasco-italy|title=Lessons From the Italian COVID-19 Contact Tracing Fiasco|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122190117/https://iclg.com/ibr/articles/14076-lessons-from-the-italian-COVID-19-contact-tracing-fiasco-italy|archive-date=22 January 2023}} It makes use of the Apple/Google Exposure Notification system.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-apps/italians-embrace-coronavirus-tracing-app-as-privacy-fears-ease-idUSKBN23I2M5|title=Italians embrace coronavirus tracing app as privacy fears ease|newspaper=Reuters|date=11 June 2020|last1=Pollina|first1=Angelo Amante}}

It was developed by Bending Spoons and released by the Italian Ministry of Health on 1 June 2020. After a testing phase in 4 Italian regions (Abruzzo, Apulia, Liguria, Marche), the app started being active in the whole country on 15 June 2020.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/italys-virus-tracing-app-immuni-gets-good-reception-/1863785|title=Italy's virus tracing app Immuni gets good reception|date=3 June 2020}} The app was initially released on App Store and Google Play, and since 1 February 2021 it is available on the Huawei AppGallery as well.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

The source code was published on GitHub on the 25 May.{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/immuni-app|title=Immuni - Commissario straordinario per l'emergenza COVID-19|website=GitHub }} The app only works in Italy, but compatibility with other European contact tracing apps was a goal.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/6f9845e2-4c1f-48a2-be98-357809168aeb|title=EU contact tracing scheme will not include French app|newspaper=Financial Times |date=7 August 2020 |last1=Abboud |first1=Leila |last2=Khan |first2=Mehreen }} Since 19 October 2020 the app supports key-exchanges with the EU Interoperability Gateway and is therefore able to communicate with contact tracing apps of other EU countries.{{Cite web |title=EU contact-tracing app interoperability gateway goes live {{!}} Computer Weekly |url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252490724/EU-contact-tracing-app-interoperability-gateway-goes-live |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=ComputerWeekly.com |language=en}}

As of 16 December 2020, the app was downloaded more than 10 million times, a number which increased to 21.882.502 downloads the day before the app's shutdown.{{Cite web |last=Nova |first=Redazione Agenzia |date=2022-12-27 |title=From December 31st the Immuni app will stop working |url=https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/covid-dal-31-dicembre-app-immuni-non-funzionera-piu/ |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=Agenzia Nova |language=en}}

On 27 December 2022 the Italian Ministry of Health announced that the app and its infrastructures will be dismissed on the 31 December of the same year.{{Cite web |first= |date=2022-12-27 |title=Dismissione Piattaforma contact tracing digitale e APP IMMUNI |url=https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/news/p3_2_1_1_1.jsp?lingua=italiano&menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=6115 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.salute.gov.it |publisher=Ministero della Salute |language=IT}}