Impeachment manager
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An impeachment manager is a legislator appointed to serve as a prosecutor in an impeachment trial. They are also often called "House managers" or "House impeachment manager" when appointed from a legislative chamber that is called a "House of Representatives".
United States
=Federal=
File:Housemanagers.jpg stand together before transferring the articles of impeachment to the Senate. (Left to right: Bob Goodlatte, Adam Schiff, Jim Sensenbrenner, Zoe Lofgren)]]
In federal impeachment trials in the United States, which are held before the United States Senate after an impeachment by the United States House of Representatives, the United States House of Representatives appoints impeachment managers, a committee of members of the House who, together, act as the prosecutors in the impeachment trial.{{cite web |title=U.S. Senate: About Impeachment |url=https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/impeachment.htm |website=www.senate.gov |publisher=United States Senate Historical Office |access-date=8 December 2022}}
While they are always approved by House vote, how the initial decision of who serves as a managers is arrived at has differed between impeachments. In some impeachments, the House managers have been chosen upon the recommendation of the chairman of the House Committee on the Judiciary.{{cite web |title=The Heritage Guide to the Constitution |url=https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/11/impeachment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421180046/http://www.heritage.org/constitution#!/articles/1/essays/11/impeachment |url-status=unfit |archive-date=April 21, 2012 |website=The Heritage Guide to the Constitution |access-date=16 December 2022 |language=en}} Another way that has been used is by having the whole house decide by balloting who should serve.{{cite book |last1=Hinds |first1=Asher C. |title=HINDS' PRECEDENTS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES INCLUDING REFERENCES TO PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION, THE LAWS, AND DECISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE |pages=857–858 |date=March 4, 1907 |publisher=United States Congress |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-HPREC-HINDS-V3/pdf/GPO-HPREC-HINDS-V3.pdf#page=870 |access-date=24 March 2022}} In some other impeachments, the speaker of the House has chosen the slate of impeachment managers that were thereafter approved by House vote.Multiple sources:
- {{cite web |title=Pelosi Names Impeachment Managers |url=https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/11520 |access-date=January 15, 2020 |publisher=Speaker of the United States House of Representatives |date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115153148/https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/11520 |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |url-status=live }}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/14/house-vote-wednesday-to-transmit-trump-impeachment-articles-to-senate.html|title=Pelosi is set to send Trump impeachment articles to the Senate on Wednesday|last=Wilkie|first=Christina|date=January 14, 2020|publisher=CNBC|access-date=January 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115123905/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/14/house-vote-wednesday-to-transmit-trump-impeachment-articles-to-senate.html|archive-date=January 15, 2020|url-status=live}}
- {{cite news |first1=Jane C. |last1=Timm |first2=Rebecca |last2=Shabad |date=January 15, 2020 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/pelosi-calls-witnesses-trump-trial-after-new-evidence-n1116091|title=House sends impeachment articles to Senate, Pelosi names trial managers|work=NBC News|access-date=January 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115160927/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/pelosi-calls-witnesses-trump-trial-after-new-evidence-n1116091|archive-date=January 15, 2020|url-status=live}}
- {{cite web |last1=Naylor |first1=Brian |title=House Approves Impeachment Managers, Votes To Transmit Articles For Senate Trial |url=https://www.wfdd.org/story/house-approves-impeachment-managers-votes-transmit-articles-senate-trial |website=88.5 WFDD |access-date=6 April 2022 |language=en |date=15 January 2020}}
- {{cite web |last1=Foran |first1=Clare |title=What is an impeachment manager? {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/15/politics/what-is-an-impeachment-manager-explainer/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=16 December 2022 |language=en |date=15 January 2020}}
- {{cite web |last1=Behrmann |first1=Savannah |title=Who's who in Trump's 2nd impeachment: Key players from Rep. Jamie Raskin to attorney David Schoen |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/02/09/trump-impeachment-whos-who-senate-trial-raskin-schoen/4341510001/ |website=USA Today |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=February 8, 2021}}
=State=
Some states, such as Pennsylvania,{{cite web |last1=Micek |first1=John L. |last2=December 12 |first2=Pennsylvania Capital-Star |title=House Dem Dermody was there for Pa. judge's impeachment in 1994. It has lessons for today {{!}} Thursday Morning Coffee |url=https://www.penncapital-star.com/commentary/house-dem-dermody-was-there-for-a-pa-judges-impeachment-in-1994-it-has-lessons-for-today-thursday-morning-coffee/ |website=Pennsylvania Capital-Star |access-date=26 December 2022 |date=12 December 2019}} follow the federal model of having members of the lower chamber of the legislature serve as impeachment managers in impeachment trials held in the upper chamber.
In some states, such as California and Indiana, all articles of impeachment must be authored by impeachment managers who will then prosecute those articles.Multiple sources:
- Government Code Section 3022
- {{cite web |last1=Webb |first1=Jon |title=Impeachment: In Indiana, how do you remove a mayor from office? {{!}} Webb |url=https://www.courierpress.com/story/opinion/columnists/jon-webb/2019/12/16/impeachment-indiana-how-do-you-remove-mayor-office/2664169001/ |website=Courier & Press |access-date=20 January 2023 |date=December 17, 2019}}
Impeachment managers were used in impeachments in some of the American colonies during the colonial era of the United States.{{cite journal |last1=Hoffer |first1=Peter C. |last2=Hull |first2=N. E. H. |title=The First American Impeachments |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |date=1978 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=653–667 |doi=10.2307/1923209 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1923209.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ac2b2222f579f232d90a51ebf59d11ae6&ab_segments=&origin=&acceptTC=1 |access-date=28 December 2022 |issn=0043-5597}}
United Kingdom
Impeachment managers were a component of impeachment in the United Kingdom, where impeachment is now an effectively-obsolete practice.
References
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