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Imperial and Royal Uhlans

File:HGM Koch Oberst Rodakowski in der Schlacht bei Custozza 1866.jpg in the Battle of Custoza. (1908 painting by Ludwig Koch. Oil on linen, Army History Museum, Vienna)]]

Together with the Dragoons and Hussars, the Imperial and Royal Uhlans ({{langx|de|k.u.k. Ulanen}}), made up the cavalry of the Austro-Hungarian Army from 1867 to 1918, both in the Common Army and in the Austrian Landwehr, where they were known as the Imperial-Royal Landwehr Uhlans (k.k. Landwehr-Ulanen).

The Austrian monarchy, weakened by losing the war against Prussia in 1866, effectively had to guarantee the autonomy of the Kingdom of Hungary in the so-called Compromise of 15 March 1867. As a result, the Hungarian half of the Empire immediately began to establish its own army, the Royal Hungarian Landwehr (Hungarian: Magyar Királyi Honvédség).

Following the signing of the Compromise, the Austrian half of the Empire also started to build an army, the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (German: k.k. Landwehr). The two new Landwehr forces thus existed alongside the Common Army (Gemeinsame Armee), the imperial army of the whole Empire. In effect this meant that Austria-Hungary had three separate armies at the same time.

Organisation

The Common Army has 11 Uhlan regiments and the Austria Landwehr 6 regiments. By tradition the majority of Uhlans were recruited from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The regiments were also stationed there, with few exceptions.

  • In 1914, the Imperial and Royal Cavalry regiments each consisted of 2 divisions (battalions) each of 3 squadrons (Eskadronen).

The Imperial and Royal Uhlans (11 regiments)

File:K.u.k. Ulan in Wintermarschadjustierung.png

File:Tschapka k.k.Ulanen subaltern.jpg of a subaltern of the 2nd Uhlans]]

Imperial-Royal Landwehr Uhlans

  • 1st Landwehr Uhlans (Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 1)

:Assigned as divisional cavalry:

:1 and 2 Sqns: 11th Infantry Division

:3 and 4 Sqns: 30th Infantry Division

:5 and 6 Sqns: 43rd Landwehr Infantry Division

:Nationalities: 65 % Ruthenians - 30 % Polish - 5 % various

:Recruiting district: Lemberg

:Garrison: Lemberg

  • 2nd Landwehr Uhlans (Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 2)

:Assigned as divisional cavalry:

:1+2 Sqns: 26th Landwehr Infantry Division

:3+4 Sqns: 29th Infantry Division

:5+6. Sqns: 10th Infantry Division

:Nationalities: 58 % Czechs - 42 % various

:Recruiting district: Leitmeritz

:Garrison: Hohenmauth

  • 3rd Landwehr Uhlans (Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 3)

:Assigned as divisional cavalry:

:1+2 Sqns: 45th Landwehr Infantry Division

:3+4 Sqns: 24th Infantry Division

:5+6. Sqns: 2nd Infantry Division

:Nationalities: 69 % Poles - 26 % Ruthenians - 5 % various

:Recruiting district: Przemysl

:Garrison: Rzeszów

  • 4th Landwehr Uhlans (Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 4)

:Assigned as divisional cavalry:

:1+2 Sqns: 5th Infantry Division

:3+4 Sqns: 12th Infantry Division

:5+6. Sqns: 46th Landwehr Infantry Division

:Nationalities: 85 % Poles - 15 % various

:Recruiting district: Krakau

:Garrison: Olmütz

  • 5th Landwehr Uhlans (Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 5)

:Assigned as divisional cavalry:

:1+2 Sqns: 4th Infantry Division

:3+4 Sqns: 25th Infantry Division

:5+6. Sqns: 13th Landwehr Infantry Division

:Nationalities: 97 % Germans - 3 % various

:Recruiting district: Vienna

:Garrison: Stockerau

  • 6th Landwehr Uhlans (Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 6)

:Assigned as divisional cavalry:

:1+2 Sqns: 3rd Infantry Division

:3+4 Sqns: 8th Infantry Division

:5+6. Sqns: 44th Landwehr Infantry Division

:Nationalities: 60 % Germans - 39 % Czechs - 1 % various

:Recruiting district: Prague

:Garrison: Wels

Sources

  • Austrian State Archives/War Archives in Vienna
  • Glenn Jewison, Jörg C. Steiner: [http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk The Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918]

Literature

  • Johann C. Allmayer-Beck, Erich Lessing: Die K.u.k. Armee. 1848-1918. Verlag Bertelsmann, München 1974, {{ISBN|3-570-07287-8}}.
  • Das k.u.k. Heer im Jahre 1895 Schriften des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums in Wien - Stocker Verlag, Graz 1997
  • k.u.k. Kriegsministerium „Dislokation und Einteilung des k.u.k Heeres, der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine, der k.k. Landwehr und der k.u. Landwehr“ in: Seidels kleines Armeeschema - Herausg.: Seidel & Sohn Wien 1914
  • „Adjustierungsvorschrift für das k.u.k. Heer, die k.k. Landwehr, die k.u. Landwehr, die verbundenen Einrichtungen und das Korps der Militärbeamten“ von 1867 Herausgegeben durch das k.u.k. Kriegsministerium Wien. Fassung von 1911/1912

External links

  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xmb51TBctpIC&dq=kroatien&pg=PA1 Google Books: Die Reiter-regimenter der K.k.oesterreichischen Armee: Historische Skizzen, chronologisch geordnete Bruchstücke Regimenterweise bearbeitet]
  • [http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk Austro-Hungarian Army] at www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk.

{{Military of Austria-Hungary}}

Uhlans

Category:Cavalry

Category:Military units and formations established in 1867

Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1918