In re Debs

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{{Infobox SCOTUS case

| Litigants = In re Debs

| ArgueDateA = March 25

| ArgueDateB = 26

| ArgueYear = 1895

| DecideDate = May 27

| DecideYear = 1895

| FullName = In re Eugene V. Debs, Petitioner

| USVol = 158

| USPage = 564

| ParallelCitations = 15 S. Ct. 900; 39 L. Ed. 1092; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2279

| Prior =

| Subsequent =

| Holding = The court ruled that the government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Postal Service, along with a responsibility to "ensure the general welfare of the public."

| Majority = Brewer

| JoinMajority = unanimous

| LawsApplied = Commerce Clause

| Superseded = Lauf v. E. G. Shinner Co., 303 U.S. 323 (1938)

| Abrogated = Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932

}}

In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895), was a labor law case of the United States Supreme Court, which upheld a contempt of court conviction against Eugene V. Debs. Debs had the American Railway Union continue its 1894 Pullman Strike in violation of a federal injunction ordering labor unions back to work. The Supreme Court held that the federal government's Commerce Clause authority includes the ability to regulate the labor conditions of railways.

Background

Eugene V. Debs, president of the American Railway Union, had been involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894 and challenged the federal injunction ordering the strikers back to work where they would face being fired. The injunction had been issued because of the violent nature of the strike. However, Debs refused to end the strike and was subsequently cited for contempt of court; he appealed the decision to the courts.

The main question being debated was whether the federal government had a right to issue the injunction, which dealt with both interstate and intrastate commerce and shipping on rail cars.

Judgment

File:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, October 1894.jpg|The Fuller Court]]

Justice David Josiah Brewer held, for a unanimous court, in favor of the U.S. government. Joined by Chief Justice Melville Fuller and Associate Justices Stephen Johnson Field, John Marshall Harlan, Horace Gray, Henry Billings Brown, George Shiras Jr., Howell Edmunds Jackson, and Edward Douglass White, the court ruled that the government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Postal Service, along with a responsibility to "ensure the general welfare of the public." The decision slowed the momentum of labor unions. Debs would go on to lose another Supreme Court case in Debs v. United States.

Significance

In Loewe v. Lawlor the Supreme Court stated that unions were in fact potentially liable for antitrust violations. In response, Congress passed the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 to take unions out of antitrust law. In addition, the ability to issue labor injunctions was greatly reduced with the passage of the Norris–La Guardia Act of 1932, which was upheld by the Supreme Court in Lauf v. E. G. Shinner & Co., 303 U.S. 323 (1938).{{Cite journal |last=Kerian |first=Jon |date=1961-01-01 |title=Injunctions in Labor Disputes: The History of the Norris-LaGuardia Act |url=https://commons.und.edu/ndlr/vol37/iss1/4/ |journal=North Dakota Law Review |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=49–66 |issn=0029-2745}}

Notes

References

Papke, David Ray. (1999) The Pullman Case: The Clash of Labor and Capital in Industrial America. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas {{ISBN|0-7006-0954-7}}