Ina Bauer (element)
{{Short description|Figure skating element}}
{{Infobox Figure Skating Element
|image=
|imagesize=
|caption=Yulia Lipnitskaya performing at the 2014 Winter Olympics
|element name= Ina Bauer
|alt name=
|scoring abbrev=
|element type= Moves in the field
|edges=
|take off edge=
|landing edge=
|inventor= Ina Bauer
|named for=
|disciplines=
}}
An Ina Bauer is a "moves in the field" element in figure skating in which a skater skates on two parallel blades. One foot is on a forward edge and the other leg is on a backwards and different parallel edge. The forward leg is bent slightly and the trailing leg is straight. If the leading leg is on the inside edge, the move is known as an inside ina bauer. If the skater is on the outside edge, it is known as an outside ina bauer. Many skaters bend backwards while performing this move, although this is not required. The most flexible skaters can bend over almost completely backwards. When performed this way, the move is called a layback Ina Bauer, after the layback position.
{{cite journal
| last = Wessling
| first = Susan
| date = December 2007
| title = Shizuka Arakawa: Living the Dream
| journal = International Figure Skating
| volume = 13
| issue = 6
| pages = 50–51
| publisher = Madavor Media
| location = Boston, MA
| issn = 1070-9568
}}
The move is named after Ina Bauer, who invented it.{{Cite book |last=Hines |first=James R. |title=Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6859-5 |location=Lanham, Maryland |page=34}}
Technique
Image:Quatrième demipointes.PNG{{moresources|section|date=September 2024}}
The Ina Bauer element is an extended fourth position in ballet in terms of where the feet are placed. However, the front leg is bent and the back leg is kept straight. It can be entered into through an inside-edge spread eagle, and, like the spread eagle, is commonly used as an entrance into jumps, adding to the difficulty level of the jump under Code of Points. It can be used as an entrance to any jump because the element can be performed on either edge. For example, after the skater exits the Ina Bauer position, a double Axel jump can be executed.
The Ina Bauer can be performed on the inside edge or the outside edge. The outside edge Ina Bauer is considered more difficult than an inside edge. The back position is not mandatory, although most skaters will at least bend a little. The most flexible skaters can bend their backs until their head is nearly upside down.
The Ina Bauer is a variation of the spread eagle. The skater's feet trace parallel lines, with one leg bent deeply at their knee while tracing a shallow or flat forward outside edge. Their body is bent backward "so the other leg is on a parallel line tracing a backward inside edge".
The position can also be used in pairs and ice dancing by the lifting partner in ice dancing lifts.{{cite web |url= http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-179506-196724-107576-0-file,00.pdf |title= ISU Communication No.1391 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930020531/http://www.isu.org/vsite/vfile/page/fileurl/0,11040,4844-179506-196724-107576-0-file,00.pdf |archivedate= 2007-09-30 }} {{small|(631 KiB)}} In this case, the lifting partner does not bend backwards.
Gallery
=In singles (inside edge)=
Image:Veronika Kropotina 2005 Croatia Cup Ex.jpg|{{center|Ina bauer
(Veronika Kropotina)}}
File:Joannie Rochette 2008 Worlds Outside Edge Ina Bauer.jpg|Ina bauer (side view) (Joannie Rochette)
Image:Weir 2008SA gala by Carmichael.jpg|{{center|Ina bauer (front view)
(Johnny Weir)}}
=In singles (outside edge)=
Image:PatriciaNeske.jpg|{{center|Layback Ina bauer (front view)
(Patricia Neske)}}
Image:Kim_2009_Worlds_Gala.jpg|{{center|Layback Ina bauer (side view)
(Yuna Kim)}}
Image:2011 WFSC 5d 302 Rachael Flatt.JPG|{{center|Layback Ina bauer (side view)
(Rachael Flatt)}}
Image:Tugba Karademir Ina Bauer - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|Layback Ina bauer (back view)
(Tugba Karademir)
Image:Oda inabauer 2008 NHK.jpg|Ina Bauer (side view)
(Nobunari Oda)
=In pairs skating=
Image:WC 2010 Kawaguchi and Smirnov SP.jpg|Outside edge Ina Bauers
(Yuko Kavaguti & Smirnov)
Image:Narumi Takahashi & Mervin Tran 2008-2009 JGPF.jpg|An ice dancing lift (performed by pairs skaters) with the lifting partner in an Ina Bauer position
(Narumi Takahashi & Mervin Tran)
=In ice dancing=
Image:Isabelle Delobel & Olivier Schoenfelder Lift 2 - 2007 Europeans.jpg|An ice dancing lift with the lifting partner in an Ina Bauer position
(Isabelle Delobel & Olivier Schoenfelder)
Image:2011 WFSC 6d 546 Tessa Virtue Scott Moir.JPG|An ice dancing lift with the lifting partner in an Ina Bauer position
(Tessa Virtue & Scott Moir)
=In synchronized skating=
Image:Delaware Juniors 2006 (edited).jpg|{{center|Ina bauer
(The University of Delaware Synchronized Skating Team)}}
In Japan
Image:Shizuka Arakawa Ina Bauer Crop.jpg performs her signature layback ina bauer.]]
Shizuka Arakawa of Japan is famous for her flexible take on the Ina Bauer, during which she bends her back backwards until her head is upside down. This move was highlighted in Arakawa's winning free skating program at the 2006 Winter Olympics, where she performed an outside edge Ina Bauer, then performed a three jump combination (triple salchow-double toe-double loop). Because of this publicity, the term "ina bauer" has been transliterated phonetically into the Japanese word {{lang|ja|イナバウアー}} and has taken on a new meaning. It is a "vogue" word that has come to mean anything having to do with bending over backwards, because the term was repeated so often that many people mistakenly thought that "ina bauer" referred to the back position,[http://web-japan.org/trends/sports/spo060421.html The Arakawa Effect | Sports | Trends in Japan | Web Japan] not the skating involved (the back position is more exactly called the layback position, making the move combined with Arakawa's back position a "layback Ina Bauer"). In Japan, it is also known as the "Arakawa way" or the "Arakawa type" ({{lang|ja|荒川のように}}), after Shizuka Arakawa.
The term has become so popular in Japan that Asahi Breweries has attempted to trademark it.[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070523a6.html Asahi's Ina Bauer patent hopes dry up | The Japan Times Online]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607043123/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070523a6.html|date=2011-06-07}} However, that attempt was blocked because it is a proper name and Bauer refused to give the rights.
Also in Japan, in the preview to the fifth episode of the Prince of Stride anime, Ayumu Kadowaki said his sister was Ina Bauer, which would have been impossible since Bauer died in 2014 aged 73, and the story is set in 2017.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20051110185539/http://www.sk8stuffmore.com/recog/bauer_js.mpg See Ina Bauer element] (MPG)
{{Figure skating}}