Increase A. Lapham

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Increase A. Lapham

| image = Increase Lapham.meteor.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Lapham examining a meteorite which had fallen in Wisconsin in 1868

| birth_date = March 7, 1811

| birth_place = Palmyra, New York, US

| death_date = {{death date and age|1875|09|14|1811|03|07}}

| death_place = Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, US

| education =

| occupation =

| fields = Ecology, natural history, biology, geography

| known_for = Natural history in Wisconsin

| spouse =

| author_abbrev_bot = Lapham

| children =

| awards =

}}

Increase Allen Lapham (c. 1811 – September 14, 1875){{cite web | url = https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS527 | publisher = Wisconsin Historical Society | title = Lapham, Increase, 1811–1875 | date = August 3, 2012 |accessdate = August 4, 2024}} was an American writer, scientist, and naturalist, whose work focused primarily on the what is now the U.S. state of Wisconsin.Hoy, P. R. [https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofwi34187577wisc#page/n285/mode/2up/ Increase A. Lapham, LL. D.], Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. v. 3, 1876, pp. 264–267. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=2cEJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA264 copy]) ([https://archive.today/20120710180657/http://digicoll-dev.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WT1875.p0282&id=WI.WT1875&isize=M copy])Quaife, Milo M. [https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinmagazin01wiscuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Increase Allen Lapham, First Scholar of Wisconsin]. Wisconsin Magazine of History, v. 1, n. 1, September 1917, pp. 3–15. ([https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinmagazin11stat#page/n11/mode/2up copy]) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=3lMWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP12 copy]) ([http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER0443.html copy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030626012127/http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/WIReader/WER0443.html |date=June 26, 2003 }}) He made maps of the area and published numerous books on the archaeology, biology, and geology of the region, and discovered both the Panther Intaglio Effigy Mound and Milwaukee Formation. He founded the Wisconsin Natural History Association, and served as the state's Chief Geologist for two years. He also lobbied Congress and the Smithsonian Institution to establish an agency to predict the weather around the Great Lakes and this became the National Weather Service.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

Biography

File:Nuculites laphami.jpg

Born in Palmyra, New York, his family moved to Pennsylvania, back to New York, to Ohio then to Louisville, Kentucky (1827–1830) then back to Ohio while his father, Seneca Lapham, worked on the canals in various locations. Lapham was of entirely English ancestry, all of which had been in what is now the United States since the early 1600s. His ancestors were among the first English colonists to establish Rhode Island.Graham Parker Hawks, Increase A. Lapham, Wisconsin's first scientist (University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1960){{page needed|date=March 2022}} He displayed a talent for scientific observation early on while working on the canals and their locks, producing drawings that he could sell at the age of thirteen.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

In July 1836, Lapham moved to Kilbourntown (which soon incorporated into the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and worked closely with Byron Kilbourn in his business and development endeavors.{{cite book |last1=Barquist |first1=Barbara |last2=Barquist |first2=David |editor1-first=Leroy |editor1-last=Haley |title=The Summit of Oconomowoc: 150 Years of Summit Town |year=1987 |publisher=Summit History Group |page=9 |chapter=The Beginning }} The two had worked together previously on the Miami Canal and Lapham considered him a loyal friend and mentor. Before the end of the year, Lapham had published a Catalogue of Plants and Shells, Found in the vicinity of Milwaukee, on the West Side of Lake Michigan, perhaps the first scientific work published west of the Great Lakes.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

In 1848,[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/tp,43652 Constitution of the Natural History Association of Wisconsin, 1848] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804184056/https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/tp/id/43652 |date=August 4, 2024 }}. Accessed October 20, 2010. Lapham founded the Wisconsin Natural History Association, a predecessor of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters,Shorger, A. W. [http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/wmh,17184 The Wisconsin Natural History Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804184058/https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/wmh/id/17184 |date=August 4, 2024 }}. Wisconsin Magazine of History, v. 31, n. 2, December 1947, pp. 168–177. of which he also was a charter member.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/wmh/id/25383/rec/19 Wisconsin Magazine of History], v. 53, n. 3, Spring 1970, pp. 163-169. [https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/ABI3MAC6DM3ASB8A/pages/ARIFSLYPTB6PUO85 Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 1870/1872], v. 1, pp. 188-200.

Many of his works and early maps were used for various civil projects such as canal and railroad development. In 1844 Lapham published the first substantial book on the geography of the Wisconsin Territory. His first map of Wisconsin was made in 1846.Smith, Alice E. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4631778 Two Wisconsin Map Makers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816161029/http://www.jstor.org/stable/4631778 |date=August 16, 2016 }}. The Wisconsin Magazine of History, v. 29, n. 4, June 1946, pp. 402–406. He published many more papers and books through his life, particularly on geology, archaeology and history, and flora and fauna of Wisconsin, including publication by the Smithsonian Institution.Winsor, Justin. [https://archive.org/stream/narrcrithistamerica01winsrich/#page/400/mode/2up/ Narrative and critical history of America], v. 1, 1889, p. 400. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=LpULAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA400 copy]) ([https://archive.org/stream/narrativeandcri03winsgoog#page/n444/ copy])

In 1850, he discovered the Panther Intaglio Effigy Mound, which is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.{{cite web|url=http://landmarkhunter.com/198655-panther-intaglio/|title=Panther Intaglio|publisher=Landmark Hunter.com|access-date=February 23, 2012|archive-date=July 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721103240/http://landmarkhunter.com/198655-panther-intaglio/|url-status=live}}

Lapham was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1853,{{Cite web |url=http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistl |title=American Antiquarian Society Members Directory |access-date=February 17, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233840/http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistl |url-status=live }} and he was Chief Geologist of the State of Wisconsin from 1873 to 1875.{{cite book |last1=Gass |first1=Kenneth C. |last2=Kluessendorf |first2=Joanne |last3=Mikulic |first3=Donald G. |last4=Brett |first4=Carlton E. |title=Fossils of the Milwaukee Formation: A Diverse Middle Devonian Biota from Wisconsin, USA |date=2019 |publisher=Siri Scientific Press |location=Manchester, UK |isbn=978-0-9957496-7-2 |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335831201}} He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1874.{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1874;smode=advanced;startDoc=1|access-date=2021-05-05|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505191933/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1874;smode=advanced;startDoc=1|url-status=live}}

Lapham was one of the first people to recognize the cement potential of certain rock strata seen along the banks of the Milwaukee River. Those strata, now known as belonging to the Milwaukee Formation, were later mined for high quality natural hydraulic cement. Milwaukee thus went on to become the country's leading producer of natural hydraulic cement from 1876 to 1910.

Honors

Lapham is considered "Wisconsin's first great scientist"Janik, Erika, [http://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/html/stories/2007/feb07/lapham.htm Citizen Scientist – Wisconsin's First Renaissance Man, Increase A. Lapham Merits Renown...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822040355/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/html/stories/2007/feb07/lapham.htm |date=August 22, 2010 }} Wisconsin Natural Resources Magazine, February 2007. and the "Father of the U.S Weather Service,"Hintz, Martin. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ftLNKkBFZDQC&pg=PA159 Hiking Wisconsin]. Human Kinetics, 1997, p. 159. {{ISBN|0-88011-567-X}}{{Cite web |title=206th Birthday of Increase Lapham, Father of the National Weather Service |url=https://www.weather.gov/mkx/laphambirthday |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=www.weather.gov |language=EN-US |archive-date=March 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305215322/https://www.weather.gov/mkx/laphambirthday |url-status=live }} based upon his lobbying to Congress and the Smithsonian Institution to create such an agency to forecast storms on the Great Lakes and both coasts.Miller, Eric R. [http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/059/mwr-059-02-0065.pdf New light on the beginnings of the Weather Bureau from the papers of Increase A. Lapham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607014030/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/059/mwr-059-02-0065.pdf |date=June 7, 2012 }}. Monthly Weather Review, v. 59, iss. 2, February 1931, pp. 65–70. When the agency was created through the U.S. Secretary of War, Lapham made the first such accurate Great Lakes storm warning from Chicago.[http://www.crh.noaa.gov/dtx/november_8th_1870.php First Official Weather Warning in the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121003649/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/dtx/november_8th_1870.php |date=January 21, 2011 }}, November 8, 1870. Accessed October 10, 2010.

Since his death, numerous landmarks throughout the southeastern Wisconsin area have been named after him, including Lapham Peak, the highest point in Waukesha County, Wisconsin,McGrath, Wm. Chad. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CEJTQzqekqEC&pg=PA108 Great Wisconsin Walks: 45 Strolls, Rambles, Hikes, and Treks]. Trail Books, 1997, p. 108. a major University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee building,[http://www4.uwm.edu/map/buildings/vt-lap-prof.cfm UWM Campus Maps, Lapham Hall Profile (Virtual Tour)] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120805215214/http://www4.uwm.edu/map/buildings/vt-lap-prof.cfm |date=August 5, 2012 }}. Accessed October 10, 2010. and streets.Baehr, Carl & Baehr, Ellen. Milwaukee Streets: The Stories Behind Their Names. Wisconsin: Cream City Press, 1995, pp. 149–150. {{ISBN|0-9640204-4-0}} In Madison, Wisconsin, he currently has an elementary school named after him.Heggland, Timothy F. and Rankin, Katherine H. [http://www.cityofmadison.com/planning/tenywalk.pdf The Tenney-Lapham Neighborhood: A Walking Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081819/http://www.cityofmadison.com/planning/tenywalk.pdf |date=July 16, 2011 }}, Madison Landmarks Commission, 1997, p. 35.[https://books.google.com/books?id=QDAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA35 Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin at its Fifty-Second Annual Meeting], State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1905, p. 35.

A genus of North American plants, Laphamia,Meehan, Thomas, [https://books.google.com/books?id=naUdAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA52 Horticulture at Milwaukee], The Gardener's Monthly, v. 12, n. 2, 1870, p. 52. was named for him by Asa Gray.[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=HTML&rgn=div1&byte=1617245793 "A Cabinet of Natural History": The UW-Madison Herbarium's Sesquicentennial, 1849–1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009010236/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=HTML&rgn=div1&byte=1617245793 |date=October 9, 2012 }}, Wisconsin Academy Review, v. 45, iss. 2, 1999, p. 31. {{ISSN|0512-1175}} Several species of invertebrates from the Paleozoic rocks of Wisconsin, such as Nuculites laphami (Cleland, 1911) and Ekwanoscutellum laphami (Whitfield, 1877),{{cite book |last1=Bergland |first1=Martha |last2=Hayes |first2=Paul G. |title=Studying Wisconsin: The life of Increase A. Lapham, early chronicler of plants, rocks, rivers, mounds and all things Wisconsin |date=2014 |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society Press |location=Madison, Wisconsin |isbn=978-0-87020-648-1 |url=https://shop.wisconsinhistory.org/studying-wisconsin-the-life-of-increase-lapham-early-chronicler-of-plants-rocks-rivers-mounds-and-all-things-wisconsin |access-date=April 24, 2020 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801211706/https://shop.wisconsinhistory.org/studying-wisconsin-the-life-of-increase-lapham-early-chronicler-of-plants-rocks-rivers-mounds-and-all-things-wisconsin |url-status=live }} were also named in honor of him. Certain markings found on iron meteors were designated by J. Lawrence SmithSmith, J. Lawrence [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvYQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA271 A New Meteoric Iron—"The Wisconsin Meteorites"—with some remarks on the Widmannstättan Figures]. American Journal of Science and Arts, v. 47 (97), n. 140, March 1869, pp. 271–272. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=zHQUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA271 copy]) as Laphamite markings.Farrington, Oliver C. [https://archive.org/stream/handbookcatalogu11farr#page/72/mode/2up/ Handbook and Catalogue of the Meteorite Collection.], Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, pub. 3, Geological Series, v. 1, n. 1, August 1895, pl. 2, fig. 1. A formerly existing glacial lake was provisionally named Lake Lapham.Edwards, Ira. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mrsvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA94 Glacial Lake Lapham a Preliminary Announcement], Year Book of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 1921, v. 1, July 1922, pp. 94–99. The Wisconsin Archeological Society awards the Lapham Research Medal,[http://www4.uwm.edu/org/was/awards.html Increase A. Lapham Award, Society Awards and Grants] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403003137/http://www4.uwm.edu/org/was/awards.html |date=April 3, 2010 }}, Wisconsin Archeological Society. Accessed October 20, 2010. first doing so in 1926.Barret, S. A. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1926.28.3.02a00180/pdf The Lapham Research Medal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025211415/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1926.28.3.02a00180/pdf |date=October 25, 2012 }}, American Anthropologist, v. 28, iss. 3, 1926, pp. 576–577. {{doi|10.1525/aa.1926.28.3.02a00180}} The U.S. Navy named a ship SS Increase A. Lapham during World War II.[http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a6/alkes.htm Alkes (SS Increase A. Lapham)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207041019/http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a6/alkes.htm |date=December 7, 2010 }}, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Accessed October 12, 2010. The University of Wisconsin has an Increase A. Lapham Professorship.[http://www.secfac.wisc.edu/senate/2008/0407/2038(mem_res).pdf Memorial Resolution of the Faculty of the University of Wisconsin—Madison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614173831/https://www.secfac.wisc.edu/senate/2008/0407/2038(mem_res).pdf |date=June 14, 2010 }}, April 7, 2008. Accessed October 30, 2010. Lapham was inducted in 1992 into the Wisconsin Conservation Hall of Fame[http://www.wchf.org/inductees/lapham.html Increase A. Lapham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007192325/http://www.wchf.org/inductees/lapham.html |date=October 7, 2011 }}, Wisconsin Conservation Hall of Fame, inducted 1992. Accessed April 19, 2011. and in 2003 into the Wisconsin Forestry Hall of Fame.[http://www.wisconsinforestry.org/webtemplate.php?section=2&linkname=halloffame-lapi Increase A. Lapham, 2003 Inductee] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314060056/http://www.wisconsinforestry.org/webtemplate.php?section=2&linkname=halloffame-lapi |date=March 14, 2012 }}, Wisconsin Forestry Hall of Fame. Accessed October 12, 2010.

The centennial of Lapham's birth was celebrated in 1911.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fqZAAAAAIBAJ&pg=7428,5602788&dq=lapham%20centennial The Dr. Lapham Centennial]{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, The Milwaukee Sentinel, March 12, 1911, part 3, p. 4. In 2011, celebration of the bicentennial was planned, including an Increase A. Lapham Day at Aztalan State Park.Nurre, Rob. [http://www4.uwm.edu/Org/was/WAN/WisArchNews_Spring2011A.pdf Increase A. Lapham's Legacy and the Wisconsin Archeological Society]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, WisArch News, v. 11 n. 1, Spring 2011, pp. 5–6.

Lapham Junction ({{coord|44|17|51|N|90|28|41|W|region:US-WI|display=inline}}) in Knapp, Jackson County, Wisconsin, is now defunct railroad junction on the Goodyear branch of the Milwaukee Road which branch ran to Zeda, where lumbering operations took place,{{Cite web|url=https://lacrossetribune.com/tomahjournal/lifestyles/ghostly-post-the-vanished-logging-post-offices-of-goodyear-and-mckenna/article_333c359c-5058-11e2-8dee-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Ghostly post: The vanished logging post offices of Goodyear and McKenna|date=December 27, 2012 |access-date=October 1, 2021|archive-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804184141/https://lacrossetribune.com/community/tomahjournal/lifestyles/ghostly-post-the-vanished-logging-post-offices-of-goodyear-and-mckenna/article_333c359c-5058-11e2-8dee-001a4bcf887a.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aMAvAQAAMAAJ&q=Zeda%2C+wisconsin&pg=RA2-PA130|title=Poor's Manual of Railroads|date=September 29, 1891|publisher=H.V. & H.W. Poor|via=Google Books|access-date=October 1, 2021|archive-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804184059/https://books.google.com/books?id=aMAvAQAAMAAJ&q=Zeda%2C+wisconsin&pg=RA2-PA130#v=snippet&q=Zeda%2C%20wisconsin&f=false|url-status=live}} and was named for Lapham.{{cite book|last1=Callary|first1=Edward|title=Place Names of Wisconsin|year=2016|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison, WI|isbn=978-0-299-30964-0|page=150}}

Selected works

Some works of Increase A. Lapham:

class="wikitable sortable" align="left" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; background:FFFFFF; border: 2px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%; " ! align="center" style="background:#CCCCFF;"\|Title ! align="center" style="background:#CCCCFF;"\|Date ! style="background:#CCCCFF;" class="unsortable"\|
\|Notice of the Louisville and Shipping sport Canal and of the Geology of the vicinity	1828	Lapham, Increase A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dPgQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA65 Notice of the Louisville and Shipping sport Canal and of the Geology of the vicinity], American Journal of Science, v. 14, 1828, pp. 65–69.
\|A Catalogue of Plants & Shells, Found in the Vicinity of Milwaukee, on the West Side of Lake Michigan	1836	{{cite journal\|last=Legler\|first=Henry Eduard\|title=Early Wisconsin Imprints: A Preliminary Essay\|journal=Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin at Its Fifty-first Annual Meeting\|year=1904\|pages=118–138\|url=https://archive.org/stream/1903proceedings00wiscuoft#page/118/mode/2up}}
\|A Geographical and Topographical Description of Wisconsin	1844	Lapham, Increase A. [https://archive.org/stream/geographicaltopo00laph#page/n5/mode/2up A geographical and topographical description of Wisconsin]. Milwaukee: P. C. Hale, 1844.
\|Wisconsin: its geography and topography, history, geology, and mineralogy	1846	Lapham, Increase A. [https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinitsgeog01laph#page/n5/mode/2up Wisconsin: its geography and topography, history, geology, and mineralogy]. Milwaukee: I. A. Hopkins, 1846. ([https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinitsgeog00inlaph#page/n9/mode/2up copy]) ([https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinitsgeo00laphgoog#page/n6/mode/2up copy]) ([https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinitsgeog00laph#page/n5/mode/2up copy])
\|Fauna and Flora of Wisconsin	1852	Lapham, Increase A. [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AJP4372.0001.001 Fauna and flora of Wisconsin] {{Webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20120717194235/http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AJP4372.0001.001 \|date=July 17, 2012 }}, Transactions of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, v. 2, 1852, pp. 337–419. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=aqsZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA337 copy]) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=ShNJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA337 copy]) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=wBNIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA337 copy])
\|The Antiquities of Wisconsin	1855	Lapham, I. A. [https://archive.org/stream/antiquitiesofwis00laph#page/n5/mode/2up The Antiquities of Wisconsin, as surveyed and described by I. A. Lapham, Civil Engineer, etc, on behalf of the American Antiquarian Society.] Washington, D. C.: The Smithsonian Institution, June 1855. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=PSIVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1 copy]) ([https://archive.org/stream/smithsoniancontr71855smit#page/n57/mode/2up copy])
\|On the Man-shaped Mounds of Wisconsin	1859	Lapham, I. A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Rzd26j2taBYC&pg=PA365 On the Man-shaped Mounds of Wisconsin.] Report and Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the years 1857 and 1858, v. 4, 1859, pp. 365–368. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=VT4UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 copy])
\|Opening an Ancient Mound Near Madison, Wisconsin	1860	Lapham, I. A. [https://archive.org/stream/archeolwisconsin14wiscrich#page/n153/mode/2up Opening an Ancient Mound Near Madison, Wisconsin]. [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86086592/holdings/ Milwaukee Daily Sentinel] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021183552/http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86086592/holdings/ \|date=October 21, 2012 }}, January 2, 1860. Reprinted in the [https://books.google.com/books?id=Mb8TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85 Wisconsin Archeologist], v. 14, n. 3, September 1915, pp. 85–87.
\|Geological Map of Wisconsin	1855	Lapham, I. A. [http://greatlakesmaps.org/Default.aspx?tabid=83&ctl=View&mid=444&MapID=11 A Geological Map of Wisconsin] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726131348/http://greatlakesmaps.org/Default.aspx?tabid=83&ctl=View&mid=444&MapID=11 \|date=July 26, 2011 }}, 1855. Great Lakes Maps exhibit of the Wisconsin's Water Library. Accessed October 26, 2010.
\|Report on the Disastrous Effects of the Destruction of Forest Trees	1867	Lapham, I. A., J. G. Knapp, and H. Crocker, [http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/tp,67567 Report on the disastrous effects of the destruction of forest trees, now going on so rapidly in the state of Wisconsin], Madison, Wis.: Atwood & Rublee, state printers, 1867. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=QEcDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 copy]) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=-H5GAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 copy])
\|New Geological Map of Wisconsin	1869	Lapham, I. A. [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/u?/agdm,668 Geologic map of Wisconsin 1869] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804184605/https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/668 \|date=August 4, 2024 }}. UWM Libraries Digital Collections, American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection. Accessed April 24, 2011.
\|Oconomowoc and other Small Lakes of Wisconsin	1876	Lapham, I. A. [https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofwi34187577wisc#page/n45/mode/2up Oconomowoc Lake, and Other Small Lakes of Wisconsin, Considered with Reference to Their Capacity for Fish-Production], Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. v. 3, 1876, pp. 31–36. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=2cEJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31 copy]) ([https://archive.today/20120712022249/http://digicoll-dev.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WT1875.p0043&id=WI.WT1875&isize=M copy])

References

Hawks, Graham P. (1960) [https://books.google.com/books?id=vHRNAAAAMAAJ Increase A. Lapham, Wisconsin's first scientist]. University of Wisconsin—Madison.
Thomas, Samuel W. & Conner, Eugene H. (1973) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805182658/http://filsonhistorical.org/programs-and-publications/publications/the-filson-club-history-quarterly/1967-71.aspx The Journals of Increase Allen Lapham for 1827–1830]. George Rogers Clark Press.
Berquist, Goodwin & Bowers, Paul C. Jr. (2001) Byron Kilbourn and the Development of Milwaukee. Milwaukee County Historical Society. {{ISBN|0-938076-15-9}}

External links

;General

[http://www.milwaukeehistory.net/manuscript/lapham-increase-a-1836-1990/ Increase A. Lapham, 1836–1990], collection in the manuscript collection of the Milwaukee County Historical Society
[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-wis000db Increase A. Lapham Papers, 1825–1930], in the archive and [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/lapham Topics in Wisconsin History] at the Wisconsin Historical Society
[https://archive.org/stream/wisconsinarcheol14wiscrich#page/n389/mode/2up Increase A. Lapham, Geologist], article in The Wisconsin Archeologist, 1936
[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/wmh,33547 Increase A. Lapham and the Mapping of Wisconsin], article in the Wisconsin Magazine of History, 1985
[http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=32097 Lapham Peak] marker from 1995; [http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=32098 Lapham Peak] marker from 1988 (with original 1916 marker)

;Works

[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Antiquities The Antiquities of Wisconsin], Increase A. Lapham, 1855 – University of Wisconsin–Madison Libraries
[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/tp,53490 A Geographical and Topographical Description of Wisconsin...] (Milwaukee: P.C. Hale, 1844) online from the Wisconsin Historical Society
[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=1271 Report on the Disastrous Effects of the Destruction of Forest Trees ...] (Madison, Wis.: Atwood & Rublee, 1867) online from the Wisconsin Historical Society
[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=8 Selected letters on Indian Mounds, 1846–1852] Unpublished manuscripts online from the Wisconsin Historical Society

;Maps

[http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=Lapham&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=title&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=Milwaukee&CISOFIELD3=title&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=title&CISOROOT=/agdm&t=s&n=25,5,5,5,5 Milwaukee] and [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=Lapham&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=title&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=title&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=Milwaukee&CISOFIELD4=title&CISOROOT=/agdm&t=s&n=25,5,5,5,5 Wisconsin] maps at the American Geographical Society Library (AGSL) collection at UWM
[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WIBlueBk1865.i0015&id=WI.WIBlueBk1865&isize=M 1865], [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WIBlueBk1866.i0005&id=WI.WIBlueBk1866&isize=M 1866], [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WIBlueBk1868.i0014&id=WI.WIBlueBk1868&isize=M 1868], [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WIBlueBk1869.i0016&id=WI.WIBlueBk1869&isize=M 1869] maps prepared for the Legislative Manual of Wisconsin
[http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_12507?back=%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3DSIA2010-0732 Map Tracking a Tornado, 1857] at the Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA) and [http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_12505?back=%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3DSIA2010-0730 note]
[http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/10135016?buttons=y Map of Milwaukee, 1852] at the Harvard University Library

Category:1810s births

Category:1875 deaths

Category:Scientists from Milwaukee

Category:People from Palmyra, New York

Category:Carroll University

Category:Writers from Louisville, Kentucky

Category:Writers from New York (state)

Category:Writers from Milwaukee

Category:Scientists from New York (state)

Category:Scientists from Louisville, Kentucky

Category:Burials at Forest Home Cemetery

Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society