Indas (community development block)

{{Main|History of Bankura district}}

From around the 7th century AD till around the advent of British rule, for around a millennium, history of Bankura district is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of Bishnupur. The Bishnupur Rajas, who were at the summit of their fortunes towards the end of the 17th century, started declining in the first half of the 18th century. First, the Maharaja of Burdwan seized the Fatehpur Mahal, and then the Maratha invasions laid waste their country.{{cite web| url = http://bankura.gov.in/gezetter.htm |title = Bengal District Gazetteers: Bankura |last = O’Malley |first= L.S.S. | publisher= Bankura District Authorities | access-date = 29 August 2016}}

Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760. In 1787, Bishnupur was united with Birbhum to form a separate administrative unit. In 1793 it was transferred to the Burdwan collectorate. In 1879, the district acquired its present shape with the thanas of Khatra and Raipur and the outpost of Simplapal being transferred from Manbhum, and the thanas of Sonamukhi, Kotulpur and Indas being retransferred from Burdwan. However, it was known for sometime as West Burdwan and in 1881 came to be known as Bankura district.

File:Bakura District.svg

Indas is located at {{coord|23.15|N|87.616667|E|format=dms|}}.

Indas CD block is located in the eastern part of the district and belongs to the fertile low lying alluvial plains, similar to the predominating rice lands in the adjacent districts of West Bengal. Here, the eye constantly rests on wide expanses of rice fields, green in the rains but parched and dry in summer.{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bankura |work = pages 13-17 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016}}O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, Bankura, Bengal District Gazetteers, pp. 1-20, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal

Indas CD block is bounded by Khandaghosh CD block, in Purba Bardhaman district, on the north and the east, Kotulpur and Joypur CD blocks on the south and Patrasayer CD block on the west.

Indas CD block has an area of 254.99 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram panchayats, 129 gram sansads (village councils), 131 mouzas and 129 inhabited villages. Indas police station serves this block.{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 May 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }} Headquarters of this CD block is at Indas.{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map on fifth page| publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 8 April 2020}}{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html| title = Bardhaman Tehsil Map | publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 8 April 2020}}

Gram panchayats of Indas block/ panchayat samiti are: Akui I, Akui II, Amrul, Dighalgram, Indus I, Indus II, Karisunda, Mangalpur, Rol and Sahaspur.{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bankura - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 August 2016}}

According to the 2011 Census of India, Indas CD block had a total population of 169,783, all of which were rural. There were 86,697 (51%) males and 83,086 (49%) females. Population in the age range of 0 to 6 years was 18,624. Scheduled Castes numbered 74,281 (43.75%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 3,143 (1.85%).{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 August 2016}}

According to the 2001 census, Indas block had a total population of 152,829, out of which 78,324 were males and 74,505 were females. Indas block registered a population growth of 15.48 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 15.15 per cent.{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Bankura District | access-date = 18 August 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204920/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm |archive-date= 28 September 2011}} Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Indas CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Somsar (4,431), Akui (6,115) and Kharsi (4,206).

Other villages in Indas CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Indas (2,479), Shaspur (3,902), Karisunda (3,608), Amrul (2,093), Rol (3,858), Mangalpur (2,665) and Dighalgram (3,033).

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Indas CD block was 108,569 (71.76% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 60,972 (78.96% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 47,497 (64.23%) of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.73%.

As per the 2011 census, literacy in Bankura district was 70.26%, up from 63.44 in 2001 and 52.00% in 1991.{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/13-bankura.html |title = Bankura District: Census 2011 data | work= 2016 Digital Trends |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 20 August 2016}} Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_progresstables.pdf | title= Provisional population tables and annexures| work= Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 August 2016}} Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bankura district|collapsible=y}}

{{bar box

|title=Religion in Indas CD block (2011)

|titlebar=#FCD116

|left1=

|float=left

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|81.98}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|17.70}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.32}}

}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 139,180 and formed 81.98% of the population in Indas CD block. Muslims numbered 30,060 and formed 17.70% of the population. Others numbered 543 and formed 0.32% of the population.{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}} Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 August 2016}} and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 82.45% and Muslims 17.33% of the population respectively.{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |date=2001}}

{{Pie chart

|caption = Languages of Indas CD block (2011)

|label1 = Bengali |value1 = 98.39 |color1 = orchid

|label2 = Santali |value2 = 1.53 |color2 = darkturquoise

|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.08 |color3 = grey

}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 98.39% of the population spoke Bengali and 1.53% Santali as their first language.{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

In Indas CD block 30.8% families were living below poverty line in 2007.{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007. Page 27, Pages 237-244 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | url-status = dead }} According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 28.87% of the total number of families were BPL families in the Bankura district.{{cite web| url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title = West Bengal Summary| work = Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 10 April 2020| archive-date = 13 January 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113235534/http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| url-status = dead}}

{{Pie chart

|caption= Livelihood
in Indas CD block

|value1 = 21.76

|label1 = Cultivators

|value2 = 54.09

|label2 = Agricultural labourers

|value3 = 2.14

|label3 = Household industries

|value4 = 22.01

|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Indas CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 14,982 and formed 21.76%, agricultural labourers numbered 37,346 and formed 54.09%, household industry workers numbered 1,475 and formed 2.14% and other workers numbered 15,159 and formed 22.01%.{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}} Total workers numbered 68,862 and formed 40.56% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 100,921 and formed 59.44% of the population.{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions|page=27 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}

There are 129 inhabited villages in the Indas CD block, as per the District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 21 villages (16.28%) have post offices. 124 villages (96.12%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 37 villages (28.68%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 66 villages (51.16%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 18 villages (13.95%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (3.88%) have banks.{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 83, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}

There were 99 fertiliser depots, 12 seed stores and 48 fair price shops in the CD Block.{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}

In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Indas CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 11.10%, patta (document) holders 3.18%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.34%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 21.83% and agricultural labourers 57.55%.

In 2003-04 net area sown Indas CD block was 20,482 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 7,400 hectares.{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | date = April 2007|page=58 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | url-status = dead }}

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Indas CD block was 20,803 hectares, out of which 13,001 hectares was by canal water, 200 hectares by tank water, 420 hectares by river lift irrigation, 538 hectares by deep tube well and 6,644 hectares by shallow tubewell.

In 2013-14, Indas CD block produced 3,726 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,646 hectares, 4,380 tonnes of Aus paddy from 1,853 hectares, 12,370 tonnes of Boro paddy from 4,422 hectares, 452 tonnes of wheat from 235 hectares and 6,368,000 tonnes of potatoes from 940 hectares. It also produced pulses and mustard.

The handloom industry engages the largest number of persons in the non farm sector and hence is important in Bankura district. The handloom industry is well established in all the CD blocks of the district and includes the famous Baluchari saris. In 2004-05 Indas CD block had 339 looms in operation.{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | work = April 2007|page=85 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | url-status = dead }}

Bankura district is famous for the artistic excellence of its pottery products that include the famous Bankura horse. The range of pottery products is categorised as follows: domestic utilities, terracota and other decorative items and roofing tiles and other heavy pottery items. Around 3,200 families were involved in pottery making in the district in 2002. 166 families were involved in Indas CD block.{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Bankura | date= April 2007|pages=83–84 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207213021/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/Human%20Development%20Bankura.pdf | archive-date = 7 February 2017 | url-status = dead }}

In 2013-14, Indas CD block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks.

1 District Central Co-operative Bank

The Bankura district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| date= 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020}}

{{Bankura-Masagram line|collapse=y}}

In 2013-14, Indas CD block had 2 ferry services and 6 originating/ terminating bus routes.

DEMU services are available between Bankura and Masagram on the Bankura-Masagram line.{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-bankura-masagram-demu-78056/67667/955/8691 | title = 78056 Bankura-Masagram DEMU| publisher = India Rail Info |access-date = 29 January 2019}} There are stations at Bowaichandi, Sahaspur Road, Shankrul and Indas railway station.Google maps{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Series 20 Part XII A, Census of India 2011| work= Page 651: Map of Indus CD Block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations 2011 |access-date = 21 January 2019}}

The State Highway 8 (West Bengal) running from Santaldih (in Purulia district) to Majhdia (in Nadia district) passes through this CD block.{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 23 August 2016}}

In 2013-14, Indas CD block had 145 primary schools with 14,380 students, 19 middle schools with 2,379 students, 11 high schools with 5,079 students and 11 higher secondary schools with 11,294 students. Indas CD block had 1 general college with 1,652 students and 275 institutions for special and non-formal education with 9,110 students.{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 4.4 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}

See also – Education in India

According to the 2011 census, in the Indas CD block, among the 129 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have a school, 38 villages had two or more primary schools, 41 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 20 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1293, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}

Indas Mahavidyalaya was established in 2006.{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/IndasMahavidyalaya/IndasMahavidyalaya.shtml|title = Indas Mahavidyalaya| publisher= College Admission| access-date = 14 December 2016}}

Akui Kamalabala Women's College was established at Akui in 2015.{{cite web | url = http://akuiwomenscollege.org/principal.php | title = Akui Kamalabala Women's College | publisher = AKWC | access-date = 24 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200421180839/http://www.akuiwomenscollege.org/principal.php | url-status = dead }}

There are two heritage temples in the Indas CD block:

File:NavaRatna-Damodara-Temple-Krishnabatipara-Indas04.jpg|Krishnabatipara, Indas, Nava ratna Damodara temple, built in 1796 with terracotta façade, partially damaged

File:Radha-Kanta-Temple-Akui 01.jpg|Akui: Pancha ratna Radha Kanta temple, built in 1764 with terracotta facade

In 2014, Indas CD block had 1 rural hospital and 3 primary health centres with total 50 beds and 6 doctors. It had 25 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 7,839 patients were treated indoor and 172,729 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}

Indas Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Indas, is the major government medical facility in the Indas CD block. There are primary health centres at Akui (with 4 beds), Keneti (Santasram Indus) (with 10 beds) and Dighalgram (with 6 beds).{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =10 April 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}

• Khan Bahadur Dr. Syed Muhammed Siddique, MLA for Bankura

{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

{{Bankura topics}}

Category:Community development blocks in Bankura district