Indium(I) chloride
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Chembox
| ImageFile =
| ImageSize =
| ImageAlt =
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13465-10-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChemSpiderID = 19988783
| DTXSID = DTXSID901014390
| PubChem = 71311293
| InChI=1S/ClH.In/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey=APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| SMILES = Cl[In]
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula =
| MolarMass =
| Appearance = red and yellow
| MeltingPtC = 216
| MeltingPt_notes =
| BoilingPt =
| BoilingPt_notes =
| Solubility = }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt = }}
}}
Indium(I) chloride (also indium monochloride) is the chemical compound with the formula InCl. Indium monochloride occurs as a yellow cubic form below 120 °C and above this temperature as a red orthorhombic form.{{Cite journal |last1=Pardoe |first1=Jennifer A. J. |last2=Downs |first2=Anthony J. |date=2007-01-01 |title=Development of the Chemistry of Indium in Formal Oxidation States Lower than +3 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068027%2B |journal=Chemical Reviews |language=en |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=2–45 |doi=10.1021/cr068027+ |pmid=17212469 |issn=0009-2665|url-access=subscription }}
InCl is one of three known indium chlorides.
Synthesis and structure
InCl can be prepared by heating indium metal with indium trichloride in a sealed tube.{{Cite journal |last1=Annan |first1=Theodore A. |last2=Chadha |first2=Raj K. |last3=Doan |first3=Peter |last4=McConville |first4=David H. |last5=McGarvey |first5=Bruce R. |last6=Ozarowski |first6=Andrzej |last7=Tuck |first7=Dennis G. |date=October 1990 |title=One-electron transfer processes in the reaction of indium(I) halides with substituted o-quinones |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic00345a007 |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |language=en |volume=29 |issue=20 |pages=3936–3943 |doi=10.1021/ic00345a007 |issn=0020-1669|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Poland |first1=J. S. |last2=Tuck |first2=D. G. |date=1972-09-01 |title=Coordination compounds of indium: XIV. The insertion of indium(I) iodide into carbon-iodide bonds |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022328X00900809 |journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=315–323 |doi=10.1016/S0022-328X(00)90080-9 |issn=0022-328X|url-access=subscription }}
According to X-ray crystallography, the structure of the yellow polymorph resembles that of sodium chloride except that the Cl-In-Cl angles are not 90°, but range between 71 and 130°. The red (high T) polymorph crystallizes in the thallium(I) iodide motif.{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0022-4596(80)90428-4 |title=Stereochemically active (5s)2 Lone Pairs in the Structures of α-InCl and β-InCl |date=1980 |last1=Van Der Vorst |first1=C.P.J.M. |last2=Maaskant |first2=W.J.A. |journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=301–313 }}{{cite journal |doi=10.1107/S056774087801081X |title=The Structures of Yellow and Red Indium Monochloride |date=1978 |last1=Van Der Vorst |first1=C. P. J. M. |last2=Verschoor |first2=G. C. |last3=Maaskant |first3=W. J. A. |journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry |volume=34 |issue=11 |pages=3333–3335 |bibcode=1978AcCrB..34.3333V }}
Reactivity
The relatively high energy level of the 5s electrons of the indium center make InCl susceptible to oxidation as well as disproportionation into In(0) and InCl3. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) appears to facilitate the disproptionation of InCl as well as other indium(I) halides.
History
Indium(I) chloride was first isolated in 1926 as part of an investigation on the compounds formed between indium and chlorine.{{cite journal |last1=Klemm |first1=Wilhelm |date=1926 |title=Messungen an Indiumhalogeniden I |trans-title=Measurements on indium halides I |journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie |volume=152 |pages=252–266 |doi=10.1002/zaac.19261520128}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Inorganic-compound-stub}}