Indium trihydride
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Indigane-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageAlt =
| verifiedrevid = 443954142
| SystematicName = Indigane{{Cite web|title = Indigane (CHEBI:30429)|url = http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:30429|work = Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI)|location = UK|publisher = European Bioinformatics Institute}} (substitutive)
| OtherNames = Indium(III) hydride
Indium trihydride
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7440-74-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{Cascite|changed|ChemSpider}}
| PubChem = 24000
| ChemSpiderID = 22435
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 30429
| Gmelin = 163932
| SMILES = [InH3]
| StdInChI = 1S/In.3H
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CXQHBGCUHODCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{Chem2|InH3}}
| MolarMass = 117.842 g/mol
| MeltingPt =
| MeltingPtC = -90
| MeltingPt_ref =
| MeltingPt_notes= (decomposes)
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = Trigonal planar
| MolShape = Dihedral
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = metallanes
| OtherFunction = {{ubl|Aluminium hydride|Borane|Hydrogen iodide|Hydrogen telluride|Rubidium hydride|Stannane|Stibine}}
}}
}}
Indium trihydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ({{Chem2|InH3}}). It has been observed in matrix isolation and laser ablation experiments.{{cite journal|title=Aluminium, gallium and indium trihydrides. An IR matrix isolation and ab initio study |journal=Chemical Physics |volume= 185 |issue= 1 |date=July 1994 |pages= 25–37 |first1=P. |last1=Pullumbi |first2=Y. |last2=Bouteiller |first3=L. |last3=Manceron |first4=C. |last4=Mijoule |doi=10.1016/0301-0104(94)00111-1|bibcode=1994CP....185...25P }}{{cite journal|title=Hydrides of the Main-Group Metals: New Variations on an Old Theme |first1=S. |last1=Aldridge |first2=A. J. |last2=Downs |journal=Chemical Reviews |date=2001 |volume=101 |issue=11 |pages=3305–65 |doi=10.1021/cr960151d |pmid=11840988}} Gas phase stability has been predicted.{{cite journal|title=Are the Compounds InH3 and TlH3 Stable Gas Phase or Solid State Species? |first1=P. |last1=Hunt |first2=P. |last2=Schwerdtfeger |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |date=1996 |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=2085–2088 |doi=10.1021/ic950411u}} The infrared spectrum was obtained in the gas phase by laser ablation of indium in presence of hydrogen gas {{cite journal | last1 = Andrews | first1 = L. | last2 = Wang | first2 = X. | year = 2004 | title = Infrared Spectra of Indium Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen and of Solid Indane | journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition | volume = 43 | issue = 13| pages = 1706–1709 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200353216 | pmid=15038043}} {{chem2|InH3}} is of no practical importance.
Chemical properties
Solid {{chem2|InH3}} is a three-dimensional network polymeric structure, where In atoms are connected by In-H-In bridging bonds, is suggested to account for the growth of broad infrared bands when samples of {{chem2|InH3}} and {{chem2|InD3}} produced on a solid hydrogen matrix are warmed. Such a structure is known for solid aluminium hydride.{{cite journal | title = The Crystal Structure of Aluminum Hydride |last1=Turley |first1=J. W. |last2=Rinn |first2=H. W. | journal = Inorganic Chemistry | year = 1969 | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 18–22 | doi = 10.1021/ic50071a005 }} When heated above {{val|-90|u=°C}}, indium trihydride decomposes to produce indium–hydrogen alloy and elemental hydrogen. As of 2013, the only known method of synthesising indium trihydride is the autopolymerisation of indane below {{val|-90|u=°C}}.
Other indium hydrides
Several compounds with In-H bonds have been reported. Examples of complexes with two hydride ligands replaced by other ligands are {{chem2|(K+)3[K((CH3)2SiO)7+][InH(CH2C(CH3)3)3–]4}}{{cite journal | last1 = Rowen Churchill | first1 = M. | last2 = Lake | first2 = C. H. | last3 = Chao | first3 = S.-H. L. | last4 = Beachley | first4 = O. T. | year = 1993| title = Silicone grease as a precursor to a pseudo crown ether ligand: crystal structure of [K+]3[K(Me2SiO)7+][InH(CH2CMe3)3–]4 | journal = Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications| volume = 1993 | issue = 20| pages = 1577–1578 | doi = 10.1039/C39930001577 }} and {{chem2|HIn(\sC6H4\sortho\-CH2N(CH3)2)2}}.
Although {{chem2|InH3}} is labile, adducts are known with the stoichiometry {{chem2|InH3L_{n}|}} (n = 1 or 2).{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=X.|last2=Andrews|first2=L.|title=Infrared Spectra of Indium Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen and Neon|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A|date=20 May 2004|volume=108|issue=20|pages=4440–4448|doi=10.1021/jp037942l|bibcode=2004JPCA..108.4440W}}
1:1 amine adducts are made by the reaction of {{chem2|Li+[InH4]−}} (lithium tetrahydridoindate(III)) with a trialkylammonium salt. The trimethylamine complex is only stable below −30 °C or in dilute solution. The 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with tricyclohexylphosphine ({{chem2|PCy3}}) have been characterised crystallographically. The average In-H bond length is 168 pm.{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=C.|title=The stabilisation and reactivity of indium trihydride complexes|journal=Chemical Communications|issue=22|year=2001|pages=2293–2298|issn=1359-7345|doi=10.1039/b107285b|pmid=12240044}} Indium hydride is also known to form adducts with NHCs.{{cite journal|title=Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of the Stable Indium Trihydride Complex [InH3{IMes}] |first1=C. D. |last1=Abernethy |first2=M. L. |last2=Cole |first3=C. |last3=Jones |journal=Organometallics |date=2000 |volume=19 |issue=23 |pages=4852–4857 |doi=10.1021/om0004951}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Indium compounds}}
{{Hydrides by group}}