Industry of Iran#Small and medium enterprises

{{main|Ministry of Industries and Mines (Iran)}}

{{See also|Mining in Iran|Government of Iran|Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran}}

Ministry of Industries and Mines is in charge of facilitating the expansion and promotion of industrial and mineral policies. The Ministry is also in charge of centralization and integration of policy making in the industrial and mining sector. Finally, this Ministry regulates all strategies, policies and plans relevant to the industrial and mining sector in Iran.{{cite web |url=http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310232210/http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2013 }} The Department for High Technology Industries, also known as the High Tech Industries Centre (HTIC) is active in promoting research activities and in supporting the emergence of high tech firms. As of 2014, Iran has 930 industrial parks and zones.{{Cite web |url=http://iran-daily.com/newspaper/page/4835/4/14035/0 |title=دسترسی غیر مجاز |access-date=17 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716043636/http://www.iran-daily.com/Newspaper/Page/4835/4/14035/0 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |url-status=live }}

{{see also|Iran Chamber of Commerce Industries and Mines|Banking in Iran#Venture capital|Science and technology in Iran#Private sector|l2=Venture capital in Iran|l3=Private sector in science and technology in Iran}}

File:Index of economic complexity - Iran.svg for Iran (1964–2014)]]

As of 2014, 81,000 small industrial units employed more than 1 million workers in Iran.{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/Newspaper/Page/4832/4/13772/0 |title=Iran Daily | No:4832 | Date:1393/4/21 |website=www.iran-daily.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716042915/http://www.iran-daily.com/Newspaper/Page/4832/4/13772/0 |archive-date=16 July 2014 |url-status=dead}} Small industries constitute 92 percent of Iranian industries, 45 percent of the country's industrial employment, and 17 percent of the country's production.{{Cite web |url=http://iran-daily.com/newspaper/page/4832/4/13772/0 |title=دسترسی غیر مجاز |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163416/http://iran-daily.com/newspaper/page/4832/4/13772/0 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=live }} In Iran, because of its weakness or absence, the support industry makes little contribution to the innovation/technology development activities. Supporting the development of small and medium enterprises will strengthen greatly the supplier network in Iran.{{Cite web |url=http://unctad.org/en/docs/iteipc20057_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045843/http://unctad.org/en/Docs/iteipc20057_en.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=live }} Difficulty in accessing financing is also a major concern for small and medium enterprises.{{Cite web |url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Sep13.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209205824/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Sep13.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}[http://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/25672/missing-middle-iran%E2%80%99s-industries The Missing Middle in Iran’s Industries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131003018/http://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/25672/missing-middle-iran%E2%80%99s-industries |date=31 January 2016}}. Financial Tribune Daily. Retrieved 14 September 2015. In 2016, Iran had nearly 3,000 knowledge-based firms accounting for 70,000 jobs and $6.6 billion in revenue.{{Cite web |url=http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/dtlstict2016d3_summary_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085442/http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/dtlstict2016d3_summary_en.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live }}

As of 2019, 43,650 SMEs were based in over 800 industrial parks in Iran, of which nearly 78 percent or 33,800 were active (1,100 of those SMEs are exporting domestic products to global markets).{{Cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/439116/1-100-Iranian-SMEs-exporting-domestic-products-to-global-markets|title = 1,100 Iranian SMEs exporting domestic products to global markets|date = 10 August 2019}}

A 2003-report made by United Nations Industrial Development Organization regarding the state of SME's in Iran identified these causes as the ones impeding Iran's industrial development: lack of monitoring institutions, inefficient banking system, lack of sufficient R&D, shortage of managerial skills, corruption, inefficient taxation, socio-cultural apprehensions, absence of social learning loops, lack of familiarity with international markets necessary for global competition, cumbersome bureaucratic procedures, shortage of skilled labor, lack of intellectual property protection, shortage of research centers, lack of social capital, social learning, social responsibility and socio-cultural values.[http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf UNIDO: Iran's Small and Medium Enterprises] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060902/http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf |date=3 September 2013 }} retrieved 2 February 2010

Despite these problems, recent studies{{by whom|date=April 2017}} reveal that over the past few years{{when|date=April 2017}} Iran has progressed rapidly in various scientific and technological fields. Major advancements have taken place in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, aerospace, defense, and heavy industry sectors. Even in the face of U.S. economic sanctions, Iran appears to be emerging as an industrialized country.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecosecretariat.org/ftproot/Publications/Journal/2/Industrialization%20and%20Dependency%20-%20the%20Case%20of%20Iran%20d%20by%20Akbar%20Torbat.doc |title=Industrialization and Dependency: the Case of Iran |format=Microsoft Word |date=27 September 2010 |last1=Torbat |first1=Akbar |website=Economic Cooperation Organization |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726015057/http://www.ecosecretariat.org/ftproot/Publications/Journal/2/Industrialization%20and%20Dependency%20-%20the%20Case%20of%20Iran%20d%20by%20Akbar%20Torbat.doc |archive-date=26 July 2011 |access-date=5 February 2011 }}

{{See also|Economy of Iran|Labor and tax laws in Iran}}

File:Iran Khodro factory 2.jpg is the largest car manufacturer in the Middle-East. It has established joint-ventures with foreign partners on 4 continents.]]

Tehran is the economic centre of Iran.[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy britannica.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123001337/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy |date=23 November 2012}}, accessed: June 2009. About 30% of Iran's public-sector workforce and 45% of large industrial firms are located in Tehran and almost half of these workers work for the government.{{Cite web |url=http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806042511/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2010 |url-status=live }}

{{See also|Agriculture in Iran|Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran|Labor and tax laws in Iran#Customs||l3=Customs Administration in Iran}}

The sector also employs approximately 328,000 people or 16.1% of the entire industry sector's workforce.{{Cite book |last1=Ayse |first1=Valentine |url=http://www.investiniran.ir/en/filepool/26?redirectpage=%2fen%2febook |last2=Nash |first2=Jason John |last3=Leland |first3=Rice |title=The Business Year 2013: Iran |place=London, U.K. |publisher=The Business Year |date=January 2013 |page=138 |isbn=978-1-908180-11-7 |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227193349/http://www.investiniran.ir/en/filepool/26?redirectpage=%2Fen%2Febook |archive-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=dead }} Iran exported $736 million worth of foodstuffs in 2007 and $1 billion (~600,000 tonnes) in 2010.{{cite web |url=http://tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=214856 |title=Iran's foodstuff exports near $1b |date=23 February 2010 |publisher=tehran times |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725222520/http://tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=214856 |archive-date=25 July 2011 |url-status=live }} Soft drinks, mineral water, biscuit, chocolate, confection, edible oil, dairies, conserved foods and fruits, jam and jelly, macaroni, fruit juice and yeast were among the main exports to Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and other Central Asian countries, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Syria, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Canada, Venezuela, Japan, South Korea and Turkey.{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3421/html/economy.htm |title=Iran Daily{{Snd}} Domestic Economy{{Snd}} 06/11/09 |access-date=21 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614045854/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3421/html/economy.htm |archive-date=14 June 2009}} As of 2015, Swiss-based Buhler Group is a leading supplier of industrial equipment to Iran's food industry.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

{{See also|Transport in Iran|Demography of Iran|Bonyad|Bazaar|List of department stores by country#Iran|Category:Shopping malls in Iran|Communications in Iran#Electronic commerce|List of Iranian companies|Labor and tax laws in Iran#Smuggling|l9=Smuggling in Iran|l5=Department stores in Iran|l6=Shopping malls in Iran|l7=Electronic commerce in Iran|}}

At present the Iranian retail industry is largely in the hands of cooperatives, many of them government-sponsored, and of independent retailers in the bazaars. The bulk of food sales occur at street markets, where the Chief Statistics Bureau sets the prices.{{cite web |last=Faithfull |first=Mark |url=http://www.icsc.org/srch/sct/sct0907/feature_iran.php |title=SCT{{Snd}} Shopping Centers Today Online |publisher=Icsc.org |access-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403073459/http://www.icsc.org/srch/sct/sct0907/feature_iran.php |archive-date=3 April 2012 }}

Behpakhsh Co., Golrang Pakhsh and Ghasem Iran are the largest distribution companies in Iran.{{Cite book |last1=Ayse |first1=Valentine |url=http://www.investiniran.ir/en/filepool/26?redirectpage=%2fen%2febook |last2=Nash |first2=Jason John |last3=Leland |first3=Rice |title=The Business Year 2013: Iran |place=London, U.K. |publisher=The Business Year |date=January 2013 |page=94 |isbn=978-1-908180-11-7 |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227193349/http://www.investiniran.ir/en/filepool/26?redirectpage=%2Fen%2Febook |archive-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=dead }} Ghasem provides more than 80,000 retailers with their requirements of consumer goods within the territories of Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

Iran has 438,478 small grocery retailers.{{cite web |url=http://www.euromonitor.com/retailing-in-iran/report |title=Euromonitor International: Retailing in Iran (2010) |publisher=Euromonitor.com |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308132344/http://www.euromonitor.com/retailing-in-iran/report |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=live }} These are especially popular in cities other than Tehran where the number of hypermarkets and supermarkets is still very limited. More mini-markets and supermarkets are emerging, but these are mostly one-off, independently owned operations. The most significant chains are the state-owned Etka, Refah, Shahrvand and Carrefour-owned Hyperstar Market, all of which are gearing up for expansion.{{Cite web |url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Retailing_in_Iran |title=Retailing Industry |access-date=10 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228081735/http://www.euromonitor.com/Retailing_in_Iran |archive-date=28 February 2010 |url-status=live }}http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/economy/ap/61443072.html{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Migros Turk has also announced that it intends to invest in Iran's lucrative retail market. In 2010, a state-linked technology group (the Rouyesh Technical Centre) established the country's first online supermarket.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/04/iran-launches-online-supermarket-internet |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Iran launches first online supermarket |first=Robert |last=Tait |date=4 February 2010 |access-date=30 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909125216/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/04/iran-launches-online-supermarket-internet |archive-date=9 September 2013 |url-status=live }}

Imports still account for a considerable proportion of consumer goods consumption in Iran, and Dubai, United Arab Emirates-based companies meet much of the demand; they re-export from Western and Asian countries, making Iran the UAE's most important re-export market. In 2012, Iranians spent $77 billion on food, $22 billion on clothes and $18.5 billion on outward tourism.{{Cite journal |title=Western Companies See Potential in Reaching Iran's Consumers After Nuclear Deal |journal=Wall Street Journal |date=6 April 2015 |first=Asa |last=Fitch |author2=Nicolas Parasie |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/western-companies-see-potential-in-reaching-irans-consumers-after-nuclear-deal-1428313107?cb=logged0.5079263212005186 |access-date=9 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114181345/http://www.wsj.com/articles/western-companies-see-potential-in-reaching-irans-consumers-after-nuclear-deal-1428313107?cb=logged0.5079263212005186 |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live }} In 2015, overall consumer expenditures and disposable income are respectively projected to be $176.4 billion and $287 billion.{{Cite news |title=In Iran, Business Deals Rarely Smooth |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-iran-business-deals-rarely-smooth-1436917050 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |access-date=28 July 2015 |issn=0099-9660 |first=Benoît |last=Faucon |date=15 July 2015 |publisher=Dow Jones & Company, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203044747/https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-iran-business-deals-rarely-smooth-1436917050 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |url-status=live }}

Before the revolution in 1979, Iran was a major importer of Western apparel and foreign-manufactured consumer goods. Even now Iran is no stranger to Western retail influences, with numerous brands and goods available in shopping centers and outlets on Kish Island. Latest major shopping centers constructed in Iran as of 2017 are:{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-malls-cropping-up-across-iran-1475588015 |title=New Malls Cropping up Across Iran |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=4 October 2016 |access-date=7 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307083602/https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-malls-cropping-up-across-iran-1475588015 |archive-date=7 March 2017 |url-status=live }}

1. Isfahan City Center (5 million square feet) with 750 units;
2. Persian Gulf Complex (4.8 million square feet) with 2,500 units;
3. Iran Mall (21
4.  million square feet);
5. Tehran Mall (1.6 million square feet) with 500 units;
6. Atlas Mall (1.5 million square feet) with 308 units;
7. Palladium Mall (1.1 million square feet) with 105 units;
8. Laleh Park Shopping Center (985,000 square feet) with 126 units;
9. Arg Complex (840,000 square feet) with 200 units;
10. Oxin City Center (540,000 square feet) with 100 units.

The Supreme Leader of Iran has repeatedly urged Iranians to consume more domestically produced goods over imported ones to support the resistance economy and import substitution industrialization.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

File:Wagon Pars co- Arak .Iran.jpg Company]]

According to research study, IEI, Bank Saderat Iran, Hamrah Aval, Iran Khodro, Sanatiran, Wagon Pars, Sanayeiran, Machine Sazi Arak (MSA), Zar Macaron, DESA, Pars Khodro, HEPCO, Steel Alborz, IRALCO, Yek-o-Yek, AzarAb Industries, Golbaft, Navard Aluminium, Takdaneh, Darou Pakhsh, Kalleh, Behrouz, Delpazir, Iran Combine Manufacturing Company (ICM), Sepehr Electric, Arjan, Khoshkhab, Novin Zafaran, Havilux, Boof chain restaurants, Telavang and Golrang are the best brands in the country.{{Cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/09/dec/1164.html |title=100 top Iranian brands |access-date=10 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604050429/http://www.payvand.com/news/09/dec/1164.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 |url-status=live }} Hamshahri and Donya-e-Eqtesad newspapers and Movafaqiyat magazine were selected as the best press.

{{Main|Automotive industry in Iran|Iranian railway industry}}

{{See also|IKCO|SAIPA|Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran|Wagon Pars|MLC (Mapna Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company)}}

File:EF7 Dual-Fuel Engine.jpg]]

Iran's automotive industry is the second most active industry of the country, after its oil and gas industry.{{cite web |url=http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resource.aspx?n=1000042 |title=Resources{{Snd}} Iran's Automotive Industry Overview |publisher=Atieh Bahar |date=2 October 2008|access-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707182609/http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resource.aspx?n=1000042 |archive-date=7 July 2011 }} Iran's automobile production crossed the 1 million mark in 2005. Iran Khodro is the largest car manufacturer in the Middle-East and also tractor sazi Tabriz is biggest tractor manufacturer in middle east. It has established joint-ventures with foreign partners on 4 continents. Iran is the 12th largest automaker in the world.

{{Main|Iranian defense industry|Defense Industries Organization|List of military equipment manufactured in Iran}}

The Iranian defense industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of arms and equipment, including its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, radar systems, guided missile destroyer, military vessels, submarines, and a fighter plane.[https://www.foxnews.com/story/iran-launches-production-of-stealth-sub Iran Launches Production of Stealth Sub] . Retrieved 13 February 2008. According to Iranian officials, the country sold $100 million worth of military equipment in 2003, including NATO members,{{cite web |url=http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0504180977155424.htm |title=Irna |publisher=Irna.ir |access-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044332/http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0504180977155424.htm |archive-date=4 February 2012 }} and as of 2006 had exported weapons to 57 countries.[http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=190718&n=32 Irib Persian News Page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213202418/http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=190718&n=32 |date=13 February 2008}}[http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=220656&n=12 Irib Persian News Page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213942/http://www.iribnews.ir/Full_en.asp?news_id=220656&n=12 |date=27 September 2007}}

In a conference, Iran's Deputy Minister of Defense said: Iran's military products exports from March 2022 to March 2023 have reached about one billion dollars.{{Cite news |title= Iran's Annual Arms Exports Total $1 Billion - Politics news|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2023/11/13/2987926/iran-s-annual-arms-exports-total-1-billion/amp}}

{{Main|Construction in Iran|Water supply and sanitation in Iran|List of reservoirs and dams in Iran}}

{{See also|IMIDRO|Khatam al-Anbia}}

File:HEPCO HWL 110-2 wheel loaders (1).jpg wheel loaders]]

Construction is one of the most important sectors in Iran accounting for 20–50% of the total private investment. The Central Bank of Iran indicate that 70 percent of the Iranians own homes. The housing industry is one of the few segments of the Iranian economy where state capital shares as little as two per cent of the market, and the remaining 98 per cent is private sector investment. There is little red tape or hurdles and, as a result, through launching mass development projects, the use of new technologies and fast-pace project execution, a larger portion of the housing market is accessible.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} This is also true for new construction materials and technological advances.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

{{Main|Mining in Iran|IMIDRO}}

Iran is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries.{{cite web |url=http://www.infomine.com/countries/iran.asp |title=Mining in Iran{{Snd}} CountryMine |publisher=InfoMine |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302222458/http://www.infomine.com/countries/iran.asp |archive-date=2 March 2012 |url-status=live }} The country holds 68 types of minerals, including chrome, lead, zinc, copper, coal, gold, tin and iron.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

{{See also|Persian carpet|Iranian leather industry|Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran|Labor and tax laws in Iran#Customs|l4=Customs Administration in Iran}}

File:17-9 3-1964-Saltingtaeppe Photo-Pernille-Klemp-f.jpg

Textile mills, based on domestic cotton and wool such as Tehran Patou and Iran Termeh, among others, employed about 400,000 people in 2000 and are centered in Tehran, Isfahan and along the Caspian coast. Iran, with a population of 70 million, requires 1.4 billion square meters of textiles annually.[http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3438/html/economy.htm#s389724 Iran daily: Textile Smuggling Harms Domestic Production]. Retrieved 4 July 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051327/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3438/html/economy.htm#s389724 |date=6 July 2009 }}[http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2758/html/economy.htm Iran daily: Textile factories in trouble]. Retrieved 11 September 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018004526/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2758/html/economy.htm |date=18 October 2007 }} Overseas companies smuggle illegal textiles and apparel into Iran at a rate that is decimating Iran textile manufacturers and costing Iranian jobs. The annual textile production has been restricted to 800 million square meters.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

Source: United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Further information:

• [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/textile-industry-in-iran Textile industry in Iran]{{Snd}} Encyclopedia Iranica
• [http://aiti.org.ir Association of Iran Textile Industries]

File:Iranian woman wearing boots - Persian Boots - Fashion in Iran - 002.jpg. Iran has an advanced leather industry for women's clothing, however, it needs technology development for export.{{Cite web |date=2020-11-15 |title=صنعت چرم کشور در انتظار توسعه فناوری |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/84109804/صنعت-چرم-کشور-در-انتظار-توسعه-فناوری |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=ایرنا |language=fa}}]]

Iran’s modern leather industry ({{langx|fa|صنعت چرم ایران}}) began at the start of the twentieth century. Despite the industry's long history and the livestock hide's genetic proficiency, there are technical problems for Iranian leather industry. Since the 2000s, the production of women's leather boots in various designs has been able to give a new life to Iran's leather industry. Iranian thigh-high boots with black leather can be found all over the region.{{Cite book |title=چکمه‌های بلند زنانه، ناجی صنعت چرم ایران |publisher=Tehran |year=2018 |edition=2nd |location=Iran |pages=17 |language=Persian}}

{{Main|Airlines of Iran|Iran Aviation Industries Organization|Iranian Space Agency}}

{{See also|Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company|PANHA|SAHA (Iran aviation)}}

Iran is producing 59-seat aircraft inside the country such as HESA IrAn-140 with the help of Russia and Ukraine and it will shift focus to 90 to 120-seat airplanes in the next step.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Iran also produces military attack aircraft such as HESA Saeqeh. With a population of 70 million, Iran needs to have 6,300 airplanes while it does not possess more than nine aircraft for every one million individuals.{{Cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/10/nov/1087.html |title=Iran to introduce wide-body plane in 2013 |access-date=8 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812210235/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/nov/1087.html |archive-date=12 August 2012 |url-status=live }}

File:inside Aryogen.jpg]]

{{Main|Healthcare in Iran#Pharmaceuticals|l1=Pharmaceuticals in Iran}}

{{See also|Darou Pakhsh}}

The pharmaceutical industry in Iran began in its modern form in 1920 when the Pasteur Institute of Iran was founded. Iran has a well-developed pharmaceutical production capability, however, the country still relies on imports for raw materials and many specialized drugs.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49051782|title=Iran sanctions: What impact are they having on medicines?|work=BBC News|date=7 August 2019}} In 2009, Iran exported $74 million worth of "medical products" to countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Russia.{{Cite web |url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Dec10.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306000343/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Dec10.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}

{{Main|Energy in Iran|Petroleum industry in Iran|National Iranian Oil Company|National Iranian Gas Company|National Iranian Petrochemical Company|National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company }}

File:A giant distillation tower in Arak.jpg ]]

{{See also|Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company|Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran}}

Iran's oil and gas industry is the most active industry of the country. Iran has the fourth largest reserves of oil and second largest reserves of gas in the world.

Domestic production of equipment in the nation's upstream oil industries has grown four-fold in as many years while procurement of equipment and goods accounts for around 60 to 65 percent of any oil project. Iran manufactures 60–70% of its industrial equipment domestically, including various turbines, pumps, catalysts, refineries, oil tankers, drilling rigs, offshore platforms and exploration instruments.[http://www.shana.ir/155561-en.html SHANA: Share of domestically made equipments on the rise] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309074817/http://www.shana.ir/155561-en.html |date=9 March 2012 }}. Retrieved 26 July 2010.{{cite web |url=http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3265/html/economy.htm#s343302 |title= Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 11/09/08|website=www.nitc.co.ir |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110329204835/http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3265/html/economy.htm |archive-date=29 March 2011}}{{cite web |url=http://iran-daily.com/1386/2829/html/economy.htm |title=Iran Daily{{Snd}} Domestic Economy{{Snd}} 04/29/07 |date=1 June 2008|access-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612033723/http://iran-daily.com/1386/2829/html/economy.htm |archive-date=12 June 2008}}[http://niordc.ir/index.aspx?siteid=77&pageid=973&newsview=6402 Fars News Agency: Iran Ready for Sudden Cut in Gas Supplies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309221859/http://niordc.ir/index.aspx?siteid=77&pageid=973&newsview=6402 |date=9 March 2012 }} Retrieved 26 July 2010[http://www.shana.ir/155561-en.html SHANA: Share of domestically made equipments on the rise] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309074817/http://www.shana.ir/155561-en.html |date=9 March 2012 }} Retrieved 26 July 2010

{{Main|Energy in Iran|List of power stations in Iran|Nuclear facilities in Iran|MAPNA|AzarAb Industries|Machine Sazi Arak}}

Iran has become self-sufficient in designing, building and operating dams and power plants and it has won a good number of international bids in competition with foreign firms.{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3266/html/economy.htm |title=Archived copy |website=www.iran-daily.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115184642/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3266/html/economy.htm |archive-date=15 January 2021 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/10/mar/1073.html |title=Iran to build power plants in Ecuador |publisher=Payvand.com |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614051002/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/mar/1073.html |archive-date=14 June 2012 |url-status=live }} Iran is one of the six countries in the world that manufacture gas and steam powered turbines.{{cite web |url=http://tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/99706-official-iran-now-among-worlds-6-turbine-manufacturers |title=Official: Iran now among world's 6 turbine manufacturers - Tehran Times |access-date=1 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012033817/http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/99706-official-iran-now-among-worlds-6-turbine-manufacturers |archive-date=12 October 2012 }}

{{See also|Iran Electronics Industries|Communications in Iran#Consumer electronics|Maadiran Group|l2=Consumer electronics in Iran}}

Iran's domestic consumer electronic market, defined as including computing devices, mobile handsets and video audio and gaming products, was estimated at $7.3 billion in 2008 ($8.2 billion in 2010), with 47% market share for computer hardware, 28% Audio/Video and 25% mobile phone (with growing demand for PDAs, smart phones and 3G handsets).{{cite web |url=http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Market-Report/iran-consumer-electronics-report-q1-2010-279059.asp |title=Iran Consumer Electronics Report Q1 2010 Market Research Report - 15 December 2009 |access-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005164825/http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Market-Report/iran-consumer-electronics-report-q1-2010-279059.asp |archive-date=5 October 2011 }} Business Monitor International (BMI) forecasts that Iran's demands for domestic consumer electronic devices will reach $10 billion by 2013.{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3472/html/economy.htm#s398070 |title=Iran Daily{{Snd}} Domestic Economy{{Snd}} 08/15/09 |access-date=29 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918185849/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3472/html/economy.htm |archive-date=18 September 2009}}

{{Main|Communications in Iran|Internet in Iran|Telecommunication Company of Iran}}

Iran is among the first five countries which have had a growth rate of over 20% and the highest level of development in telecommunication.{{Cite book |contribution=Iran |title=National Security and the Internet in the Persian Gulf Region |editor-first=Grey |editor-last=Burkhart |publisher=Georgetown University |date=March 1998 |contribution-url=http://www.georgetown.edu/research/arabtech/pgi98-4.html |access-date=15 July 2009 |archive-date=3 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703041209/http://www.georgetown.edu/research/arabtech/pgi98-4.html |url-status=dead }}{{citation |contribution=Telecoms And Technology Forecast for Iran |title=Economist Intelligence Unit |date=18 August 2008| contribution-url=http://www.zawya.com/printstory.cfm?storyid=EIU20081001211715204&l=000000080818 |access-date=6 July 2009 }} Iran's Ministry of Communication and Information Technology along with TCI are developing the landline telephone network in the towns of Karbala and Najaf in Iraq.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&doc_id=9049&country_id=IR&title=Iran+telecoms%3A+Iran+to+develop+phone+network+in+Iraq&channelid=4&categoryid=31&country=%country.u% |title=Iran telecoms: Iran to develop phone network in Iraq |access-date=29 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716110933/http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&doc_id=9049&country_id=IR&title=Iran+telecoms%3A+Iran+to+develop+phone+network+in+Iraq&channelid=4&categoryid=31&country=%country.u% |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Banking and Insurance in Iran|Central Bank of Iran}}

Shariah-compliant assets has reached about $400 billion throughout the world, according to Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, and the potential market is $4 trillion.{{cite web |url=http://iran-daily.com/1386/2860/html/focus.htm |title=Iran Daily{{Snd}} Economic Focus{{Snd}} 06/06/07 |access-date=9 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512143230/http://iran-daily.com/1386/2860/html/focus.htm |archive-date=12 May 2009}}{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/09/nov/1122.html |title=Iran, biggest Shariah-compliant market: The Banker |publisher=Payvand.com |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609142010/http://www.payvand.com/news/09/nov/1122.html |archive-date=9 June 2012 |url-status=live }}

Iran, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia are at the top with the biggest sharia-compliant assets.{{cite web |url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20091211065734/Iran%202nd%20in%20Islamic%20Banking%20Assets%20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105234851/http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20091211065734/Iran%202nd%20in%20Islamic%20Banking%20Assets%20 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2013 |title=Iran 2nd in Islamic Banking Assets |publisher=Zawya |date=1 December 2009|access-date=7 February 2012 }} Bank Melli, Saderat and Sepah are Iran's three largest banks.{{cite web |url=http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto110420081809010198 |title=InfoViewer: Iran's banks struggle with credit shortages |publisher=Us.ft.com |date=2 August 2003|access-date=7 February 2012}}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{unreferenced section|date=April 2017}}

{{Main|Tourism in Iran}}

Officials state that Iran has in recent years{{when|date=April 2017}} earned about US$1bn a year from tourism. Iran currently ranks 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. Iran with attractive natural and historical sites is rated among the "10 most touristic countries" in the world. Area considered for further expansion in the tourism sector in Iran are eco tourism, coastlines, restoration of historical relics, handicraft townships, and health tourism (e.g. water therapy).

{{Main|SADRA|ISOICO}}

{{See also|Iranian Frigate Jamaran|Ghadir Class Submarine}}

Over the next two decades, Iran would need 500 new ships, including 120 oil tankers, 40 liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers and over 300 commercial vessels.{{cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3479/html/economy.htm |title=Iran Daily{{Snd}} Domestic Economy{{Snd}} 08/23/09 |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926115547/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3479/html/economy.htm |archive-date=26 September 2009}} In 2009, in a move aimed at further enhancing Iran's shipbuilding industry, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he will ban the purchase of foreign ships by Iranian organizations.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} The Ministry of Commerce has confirmed that Iran is able to build all its needed sea fleets inside the country.{{cite web |url=http://english.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8903111753 |title=Fars News Agency :: Minister Calls Sanctions on Iran's Shipping Industries Futile |publisher=English.farsnews.ir|date=1 June 2010 |access-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301004605/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8903111753 |archive-date=1 March 2012 }} Iran's SADRA launched its first Aframax oil tanker made for Venezuela in 2012.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

{{see also |Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran}}

Machine Sazi Tabriz Group has managed to manufacture machines such as VMC850, VMC 1050, FP4ME, TME40NEW, and TC-20 HF and it has exported turning and milling machineries worth €1.5 million to Germany, Austria, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Malaysia during 2011.{{Cite web |url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1391/1/24/MainPaper/4207/Page/4/Index.htm |title=Irandaily | No. 4207 | Domestic Economy | Page 4 |access-date=1 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414181237/http://www.iran-daily.com/1391/1/24/MainPaper/4207/Page/4/Index.htm |archive-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=live }}

{{portal|Iran|technology}}

• Economy of Iran
• Foreign Direct Investment in Iran
• Labor and tax laws in Iran
• Economic history of Iran
• Bonyad
• Bank of Industry and Mine
• List of Iranian companies
• Iran Chamber of Commerce Industries and Mines
• Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO)
• Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
• Science and technology in Iran
• Privatization in Iran
• Tehran Stock Exchange
• International rankings of Iran
• Environmental issues in Iran
• Industry
• Machine tool

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Asia topic|prefix=Industry of}}

• [http://www.mimt.gov.ir/ Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade – Iran]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722015737/http://olden.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=11586 List of Industrial Parks near Tehran]
• [http://www.cbi.ir/page/6649.aspx Annual Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717053917/http://www.cbi.ir/page/6649.aspx |date=17 July 2011 }} by the Central Bank of Iran, including macro-economic and sector specific data/statistics about industry.
• [http://www.sme.ir Iran Small Industries & Industrial Parks Organization (ISIPO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216211354/http://www.sme.ir/ |date=16 February 2018 }}
• [http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=o34918&L=2 Technology Parks in Iran]{{Snd}} The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
• [http://www.iranindustrial.com Iran industrial database]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100515141635/http://en.tpo.ir/documents/document/12237/12952/Domestic-Trade-Info-Sources.aspx List of Iranian Industry Associations]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120302225414/http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=4835&ucg_no64=1%2Fdata%2Fcountry%2Fstats%2Fstatablee.cfm&ShowAll=Yes&c=IRA Iran industrial production statistics]{{Snd}} UNIDO
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110128122312/http://en.tpo.ir/documents/document/11970/12505/Comparitive-Advantage-of-Industry-and-Mine.aspx Potential Export Comparative Advantages of Industry & Mine]{{Snd}} Trade Promotion Organization of Iran

Category:Economy of Iran