InflateSail
{{Short description|Solar sail technology demonstration CubeSat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = InflateSail
| image = InflateSail EM Deployed.jpg
| image_caption = InflateSail Engineering Model in deployed configuration
| mission_type = Technology
| operator = von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 2017-036F
| SATCAT = 42770
| mission_duration =
| spacecraft_type = 3U CubeSat
| manufacturer = Surrey Space Centre{{cite news|title=Guildford: Space Centre celebrates InflateSail satellite success|url=http://www.businessmag.co.uk/guildford-space-centre-celebrates-inflatesail-satellite-success/|accessdate=15 July 2017|agency=The Business Magazine|date=12 July 2017}}
| dry_mass =
| launch_mass = {{convert|3.2|kg}}
| power =
| launch_date = {{start-date|23 June 2017, 03:59|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = PSLV-C38
| launch_site = Satish Dhawan Space Centre
| launch_contractor =
| deployment_from =
| deployment_date = {{start-date|23 June 2017, 04:22|timezone=yes}} UTC
| last_contact =
| decay_date = 3 September 2017{{cite web|url=http://www.dk3wn.info/p/?page_id=43437|title=DK3WN SatBlog » Decay|accessdate=6 August 2017}}
| orbit_epoch = 29 August 2017 03:26:51 UTC
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Low Earth
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|397|km|mi|sp=us}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|408|km|mi|sp=us}}
| orbit_inclination = 97.4408 degrees
| orbit_period = 92.6 minutes
| apsis = gee
}}
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
InflateSail was a 3U CubeSat launched on PSLV C38 on 23 June 2017 into a 505 km polar Sun-synchronous orbit. It carried a 1 m long inflatable rigidizable mast, and a 10 m2 drag-deorbiting sail. Its primary aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of drag based deorbiting from low Earth orbit (LEO).{{cite web|title=Surrey Space Centre celebrates successful operation of InflateSail satellite|url=https://www.surrey.ac.uk/mediacentre/press/2017/surrey-space-centre-celebrates-successful-operation-inflatesail-satellite|website=surrey.ac.uk|accessdate=15 July 2017}}{{cite web|title=InflateSail (QB50 GB06)|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/inflatesail.htm|website=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=15 July 2017}} Built by Surrey Space Centre of the University of Surrey, it was one of the Technology Demonstrator CubeSats for the QB50 mission. An identical drag sail payload was planned to be included on the RemoveDEBRIS demonstrator.
Inflatable mast
The inflatable mast was deployed first to distance the sail from the main body of the satellite. The inflatable skin was a 3-ply, 45 μm thick metal-polymer laminate which used the same strain rigidization process as the Echo 2 balloon. The inflation gas was stored in two cool gas generators (CGGs).{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Les|title=Status of Solar Sail Propulsion Within NASA|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20150022345.pdf|website=NASA Technical Reports Server|date=29 October 2015 |publisher=NASA|accessdate=15 July 2017}} The inflation gas was vented almost immediately after the deployment and rigidization process. Fully folded, the inflatable was just over {{convert|6|cm|in|sp=us}} in height.{{cite web|title=InflateSail - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/inflatesail|website=eoPortal Directory|accessdate=15 July 2017}}
Sail structure
The 10 m2 sail was made up of four quadrants of 12 μm thick polyethylene naphthalate, supported by four bistable carbon fiber tape-springs.{{cite conference | url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2015-1627 | title=Functional and Qualification Testing of the InflateSail Technology Demonstrator | last1=Viquerat | first1=Andrew | last2=Schenk | first2=Mark | last3=Lappas | first3=Vaios | book-title=2nd AIAA Spacecraft Structures Conference, AIAA SciTech Forum | date=5–9 January 2015 | doi=10.2514/6.2015-1627| hdl=1983/76666caf-fe7e-4ccf-a72b-3085b942f7b5 | hdl-access=free }} The structure was similar in format to both NanoSail-D2{{cite conference | url=http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2011/all2011/37/ | title=NanoSail-D: The Small Satellite That Could! | last1=Alhorn | first1=Dean | last2=Casas | first2=Joseph | last3=Agasid | first3=Elwood | last4=Adams | first4=Charles | last5=Laue | first5=Greg | last6=Kitts | first6=Christopher | last7=O'Brien | first7=Sue | book-title=Proceedings of the AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites | date=2011 }} and LightSail 2.{{cite web|title=LightSail | url=http://sail.planetary.org/ | accessdate=17 July 2017}} The deployment of the sail was driven by a brushless DC motor.
Spacecraft
InflateSail included an avionics suite to support the deployable sail payload. The spacecraft was powered by a GOMSpace power system and returned attitude data from the Stellenbosch/Surrey Attitude Determination and Control System.
Communications with ground were executed through the TRXVU Transceiver procured from ISIS, using the UHF band to transmit and the VHF to receive.
Beacon data containing spacecraft parameters were transmitted at 60s intervals at 436.060MHz 1200bd BPSK.{{Cite web|url=https://upload.qb50.eu/detail/GB06/|title=QB50 DPAC GB06-InflateSail Spacecraft Data|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=29 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229170937/http://upload.qb50.eu/detail/GB06/|url-status=dead}}
Launch
InflateSail was launched on board the PSLV-C38 as one of 31 passenger satellites. InflateSail was one of 8 QB50 satellites on this launch. PSLV-C38 lifted off at 09:29 (IST)/03:59 (UTC) on 23 June 2017 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India. InflateSail was ejected into a 518x494km orbit approximately 20 minutes after lift off.
Altitude loss
InflateSail successfully deployed its sail approximately one hour after ejection from the launch vehicle and was the first European sail successfully deployed in space. InflateSail rapidly lost altitude and decayed on 3 September 2017 after 72 days in orbit.{{cite web|url=http://www.dk3wn.info/p/?page_id=43437|title=DK3WN SatBlog » Decay|accessdate=6 August 2017}}
File:InflateSail Altitude 20170903b.png
| style="margin: 0 auto;"
| File:InflateSail Inflation.gif | File:InflateSail FM Sail Deployed.svg |
