Integrin alpha 4

The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an alpha 4 chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. Alpha 4 chain associates with either beta 1 chain or beta 7 chain.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ITGA4 integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3676}}

CD49d has been shown to interact with LGALS8{{cite journal | vauthors = Hadari YR, Arbel-Goren R, Levy Y, Amsterdam A, Alon R, Zakut R, Zick Y | title = Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 113 | issue = Pt 13 | pages = 2385–97 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.113.13.2385 | pmid = 10852818 }} and Paxillin.{{cite journal | vauthors = Han J, Liu S, Rose DM, Schlaepfer DD, McDonald H, Ginsberg MH | title = Phosphorylation of the integrin alpha 4 cytoplasmic domain regulates paxillin binding | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 44 | pages = 40903–9 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11533025 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M102665200 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu S, Kiosses WB, Rose DM, Slepak M, Salgia R, Griffin JD, Turner CE, Schwartz MA, Ginsberg MH | title = A fragment of paxillin binds the alpha 4 integrin cytoplasmic domain (tail) and selectively inhibits alpha 4-mediated cell migration | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 23 | pages = 20887–94 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 11919182 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110928200 | doi-access = free }}

• Carotegrast methyl, an integrin alpha 4 antagonist used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

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• {{cite book | vauthors = Humphries MJ, Sheridan J, Mould AP, Newham P | chapter = Mechanisms of VCAM-1 and Fibronectin Binding to Integrin α ₄ β ₁ : Implications for Integrin Function and Rational Drug Design | title = Ciba Foundation Symposium 189 - Cell Adhesion and Human Disease | journal = Ciba Foundation Symposium | series = Novartis Foundation Symposia | volume = 189 | pages = 177–91; discussion 191–9 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7587632 | doi = 10.1002/9780470514719.ch13| isbn = 978-0-470-51471-9 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Oostendorp RA, Dörmer P | title = VLA-4-mediated interactions between normal human hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells. | journal = Leuk. Lymphoma | volume = 24 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 423–35 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9086434 | doi = 10.3109/10428199709055581 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Porter JC, Hogg N | title = Integrins take partners: cross-talk between integrins and other membrane receptors. | journal = Trends Cell Biol. | volume = 8 | issue = 10 | pages = 390–6 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9789327 | doi = 10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01344-0 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Rose DM, Han J, Ginsberg MH | title = Alpha4 integrins and the immune response. | journal = Immunol. Rev. | volume = 186 | issue = 1 | pages = 118–24 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12234367 | doi = 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2002.18611.x | s2cid = 37850994 }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chan BM, Elices MJ, Murphy E, Hemler ME | title = Adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and fibronectin. Comparison of alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7 on the human B cell line JY. | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 267 | issue = 12 | pages = 8366–70 | year = 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42453-2 | pmid = 1373725 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Fernández-Ruiz E, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Rubio MA, Corbí AL, Rodriguez de Córdoba S, Sánchez-Madrid F | title = Mapping of the human VLA-alpha 4 gene to chromosome 2q31-q32. | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 587–90 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1537388 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830220243 | s2cid = 86449765 }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Sonnenberg A, Linders CJ, Modderman PW, Damsky CH, Aumailley M, Timpl R | title = Integrin recognition of different cell-binding fragments of laminin (P1, E3, E8) and evidence that alpha 6 beta 1 but not alpha 6 beta 4 functions as a major receptor for fragment E8. | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 110 | issue = 6 | pages = 2145–55 | year = 1990 | pmid = 1693624 | pmc = 2116116 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.110.6.2145 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Teixidó J, Parker CM, Kassner PD, Hemler ME | title = Functional and structural analysis of VLA-4 integrin alpha 4 subunit cleavage. | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 267 | issue = 3 | pages = 1786–91 | year = 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)46014-0 | pmid = 1730718 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Rosemblatt M, Vuillet-Gaugler MH, Leroy C, Coulombel L | title = Coexpression of two fibronectin receptors, VLA-4 and VLA-5, by immature human erythroblastic precursor cells. | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 87 | issue = 1 | pages = 6–11 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1824634 | pmc = 294977 | doi = 10.1172/JCI115002 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Rosen GD, Birkenmeier TM, Dean DC | title = Characterization of the alpha 4 integrin gene promoter. | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 88 | issue = 10 | pages = 4094–8 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2034655 | pmc = 51604 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4094 | bibcode = 1991PNAS...88.4094R | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Takada Y, Elices MJ, Crouse C, Hemler ME | title = The primary structure of the alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4: homology to other integrins and a possible cell-cell adhesion function. | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 1361–8 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2788572 | pmc = 400962 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03516.x}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Takada Y, Strominger JL, Hemler ME | title = The very late antigen family of heterodimers is part of a superfamily of molecules involved in adhesion and embryogenesis. | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 84 | issue = 10 | pages = 3239–43 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3033641 | pmc = 304844 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3239 | bibcode = 1987PNAS...84.3239T | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hemler ME, Huang C, Schwarz L | title = The VLA protein family. Characterization of five distinct cell surface heterodimers each with a common 130,000 molecular weight beta subunit. | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 262 | issue = 7 | pages = 3300–9 | year = 1987 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61504-2 | pmid = 3546305 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Gailit J, Pierschbacher M, Clark RA | title = Expression of functional alpha 4 beta 1 integrin by human dermal fibroblasts. | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 100 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–8 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8440915 | doi = 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470011 | doi-access = }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Pujades C, Teixidó J, Bazzoni G, Hemler ME | title = Integrin alpha 4 cysteines 278 and 717 modulate VLA-4 ligand binding and also contribute to alpha 4/180 formation. | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = ( Pt 3) | issue = 3| pages = 899–908 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8611173 | pmc = 1216996 | doi = 10.1042/bj3130899| series = 313 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Szabo M, McIntyre BW | title = Identification of two variants of the human integrin alpha 4 subunit. | journal = Mol. Immunol. | volume = 32 | issue = 17–18 | pages = 1453–4 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8643114 | doi = 10.1016/0161-5890(96)00001-6 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Mannion BA, Berditchevski F, Kraeft SK, Chen LB, Hemler ME | title = Transmembrane-4 superfamily proteins CD81 (TAPA-1), CD82, CD63, and CD53 specifically associated with integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (CD49d/CD29). | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 2039–47 | year = 1996 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.157.5.2039 | pmid = 8757325 | s2cid = 1977096 | doi-access = free }}

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• {{MeshName|CD49d+antigen}}
• [https://archive.today/20130414110522/http://cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi?report=orth_overview&gene_id=3676 ITGA4] Info with links in the [http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml Cell Migration Gateway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211173306/http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml |date=2014-12-11 }}
• {{UCSC gene info|ITGA4}}
• {{PDBe-KB2|P13612|Human Integrin alpha-4}}

{{Clusters of differentiation}}

{{Integrins}}

Category:Integrins

Category:Clusters of differentiation

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