Intendancy of Arequipa
{{Short description|Intendancy of the Spanish Empire}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = Intendencia de Arequipa
|subdivision = Intendancy
|nation = the Spanish Empire
|title_leader = Intendant
|leader1 = José Menéndez (first)
|year_leader1 = 1784–1786
|leader2 = {{ill|Juan Bautista de Lavalle|es|lt=Juan Bautista}} (last)
|year_leader2 = 1816–1824
|capital = Arequipa
|political_subdiv =
|year_start = 1784
|year_end = 1824
|event_start =
|date_start =
|event_end = Dissolved
|date_end = December
|era = Viceroyalty of Peru
|image_flag =
|image_coat = Escudo de Armas de Arequipa.svg
|symbol_type = Coat of arms
|image_map = Virreinato del Perú (1810).svg
|image_map_caption = The intendancy within Peru in 1810
|s1 = Department of Arequipa
|flag_s1 = Flag of Peru (1821-1822).svg
|Divisions = Partidos
|DivisionsNames = See relevant section
}}
The Intendancy of Arequipa ({{langx|es|Intendencia de Arequipa}}), also known informally as Arequipa Province ({{langx|es|Provincia de Arequipa}}), was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru, ruled from the city of Arequipa and under the jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Arequipa. It existed from 1784 to 1824, receiving the news of the result of the Battle of Ayacucho in late December of the same year.
History
Created in 1784, the intendancy was under the jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Lima until the city's occupation by José de San Martín in the 1820s, when it was transferred to the {{ill|Real Audiencia of Cuzco|es|Real Audiencia del Cuzco}}.{{Cite journal |title=La formación teórica y práctica de los letrados de Arequipa. entre el Colegio Seminario de San Gerónimo y la audiencia de Cuzco (ss. XVIII-XIX) |journal=Revista de estudios histórico-jurídicos |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-54552022000100741 |last=Tormo Camallonga |first=Carlos |issue=44 |via=SciELO |doi=10.4067/S0716-54552022000100741 |year=2022 |location=Valparaíso |trans-title=The theoretical and practical training of Arequipa lawyers. Between the College Seminary of San Geronimo and the audience of Cuzco (ss. XVIII-XIX)|doi-access=free }}
The intendancy was phased out starting on April 26, 1822, when the Department of Arequipa was created by José de San Martín as part of his new protectorate,{{Cite news |title=Arequipa cautiva con sus notables atractivos turísticos en su bicentenario departamental |url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-arequipa-cautiva-sus-notables-atractivos-turisticos-su-bicentenario-departamental-890517.aspx#:~:text=El%20departamento%20de%20Arequipa%20fue,funcion%C3%B3%20en%20la%20etapa%20virreinal. |date=2022-04-26 |work=Andina}} with {{ill|Francisco de Paula Otero|es}} as its leader. Despite this establishment, the patriot governments' armies of Peru, Colombia and Chile were subsequently defeated by the royalist troops of Valentín Ferraz y Barrau and {{ill|Antonio Tur y Berrueta|es}} in the {{ill|Battle of Arequipa|es|Combate de Arequipa}} of October 8, 1823.{{Cite book |title=Documentos sobre la Guerra de Independencia: Puertos Intermedios |last=Peralta |first=Pedro |publisher=Empresa de Generación Eléctrica del Sur S.A. |year=2023 |isbn=978-612-49528-0-7 |edition=1st |pages=17 |language=es |url=https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/5649063/5006285-documentos-sobre-la-guerra-de-independencia-puertos-intermedios.pdf?v=1704817803 |last2=Villanueva |first2=Alonso}} After the royalist capitulation at the Battle of Ayacucho on December 9, 1824, the news reached the intendancy later that month, with Pío de Tristán being chosen as interim viceroy until the Peruvian troops reached the city.{{Cite web |url=https://encuentro.pe/cultura/cronicas-de-arequipa/la-jura-de-la-independencia-en-la-ciudad-de-arequipa/ |title=La jura de la independencia en la ciudad de Arequipa |date=2022-08-12 |website=Encuentro.pe |last=Condori |first=Víctor}}
Subdivisions
The intendancy was divided into seven partidos.{{Cite book |title=Retazos de la Historia de Moquegua |last=Kuong Cabello |first=Luis E. |publisher=Universidad de Moquegua |year=1982 |pages=67 |language=es |url=http://www.luiskuoncabello.com/retazos-de-moquegua.html}}
| class="wikitable" border="1" align="center" width=60% | |
| bgcolor="#ececec"
! Partido!! Head (city of government) | |
| Arequipa | Ciudad de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa |
| Cailloma | Caylloma |
| Condesuyos | Chuquibamba |
| Camaná | Villa de San Miguel de Ribera |
| Moquegua | Villa de Santa Catalina de Guadalcázar del Valle de Moquegua |
| Arica | Ciudad de San Marcos de Arica |
| Tarapacá | San Lorenzo de Tarapacá |
Intendants
The Governors (intendants) who ruled the intendancy of Arequipa were:{{Cite book |title=Diccionario histórico-biográfico del Perú |last=de Mendiburu |first=Manuel |year=1876 |pages=415 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsI5-BDe-jUC |volume=1 |author-link=Manuel de Mendiburu}}
- José Menéndez Escalada, director general de Aduana (1784–1786)
- Antonio Alvarez y Jimenez, Brigadier (1786–1796)
- Bartolomé María Salamanca, Frigate captain of the Order of Alcántara (1796–1810)
- José Gabriel Moscoso, Lieutenant colonel (1810–1815)
- Pío de Tristán, Brigadier (1815–1816)
- {{ill|Juan Bautista de Lavalle|es}}, Colonel of the Order of Alcántara (1816–1824)