Internal fixation

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Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) involves the implementation of implants to guide the healing process of a bone, as well as the open reduction, or setting, of the bone. Open reduction refers to open surgery to set bones, as is necessary for some fractures. Internal fixation refers to fixation of screws and/or plates, intramedullary rods and other devices to enable or facilitate healing. Rigid fixation prevents micro-motion across lines of fracture to enable healing and prevent infection, which happens when implants such as plates (e.g. dynamic compression plate) are used. ORIF techniques often are used in cases involving serious fractures such as comminuted or displaced fractures or, in cases where the bone otherwise would not heal correctly with casting or splinting alone.

Risks and complications may include bacterial colonization of the bone, infection, stiffness and loss of range of motion, non-union, mal-union, damage to the muscles, nerve damage and palsy, arthritis, tendonitis, chronic pain associated with plates, screws, and pins, compartment syndrome, deformity, audible popping and snapping, and possible future surgeries to remove the hardware.

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Closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) is reduction without any open surgery, followed by internal fixation. It appears to be an acceptable alternative in unstable distressed lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children, but if fracture displacement after closed reduction exceeds 2 mm, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended.{{cite journal | vauthors = Song KS, Kang CH, Min BW, Bae KC, Cho CH, Lee JH | title = Closed reduction and internal fixation of displaced unstable lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children | journal = The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume | volume = 90 | issue = 12 | pages = 2673–81 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19047713 | doi = 10.2106/JBJS.G.01227 }}

Various techniques of minimally invasive surgery for internal fixation of bones have been reported. The treatment of fractures of the distal third of the tibia has evolved with the development of improved imaging and surgical techniques.{{cite journal | vauthors = Krettek C | title = Foreword: concepts of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis | journal = Injury | volume = 28 Suppl 1 | pages = A1-2 | year = 1997 | pmid = 10897280 | doi = 10.1016/S0020-1383(97)90108-X }}

The latest evidence suggests that there may be little or no difference between screws and fixed angle plates as internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lewis SR, Macey R, Eardley WG, Dixon JR, Cook J, Griffin XL | title = Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2021 | pages = CD013409 | date = March 2021 | issue = 3 | pmid = 33687067 | pmc = 8092427 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd013409.pub2 }} The findings are based on low quality evidence that cannot firmly conclude major difference in hip function, quality of life, and additional surgery.{{cn|date=February 2022}}

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File:X ray internal fixation leg fracture.jpg

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• {{lang|de|Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen}}
• {{format link|Carbon nanotubes in medicine#CNT network bio-stress sensors}}
• External fixation
• Bone fracture
• Trauma surgery
• List of orthopedic implants
• Osseoincorporation
• Osseointegration

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• [http://www.orthopaedicweblinks.com/Detailed/9326.html Basic Principles And Techniques Of Internal Fixation Of Fractures (28MB PPT) ]

{{Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures}}

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Category:Orthopedic surgical procedures