International Convention on the Protection of Birds

{{Short description|1950 animal welfare treaty between European countries}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}{{use British English|date=February 2022}}

{{Infobox treaty

| name = International Convention on the Protection of Birds

| long_name =

| image = International Convention on the Protection of Birds participation map.svg

| image_width = 250 px

| caption =

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-2}}

{{legend|#00AA00|Signed and ratified}}

{{legend|#008000|Acceded or succeeded}}

{{legend|#C0C0C0|Not signed}}

{{Col-end}}

| type =

| date_drafted =

| date_signed = 18 October 1950

| location_signed = Paris

| date_sealed =

| date_effective = 17 January 1963

| condition_effective = 6 ratifications + 90 days'La présente convention entrera en vigueur le quatre-vingt-dixième jour qui suivra la date du dépôt du sixième instrument de ratification ou d’adhésion' (Art. 11).

| date_expiration = Never

| signatories = 13

| parties = 13

| ratifiers =

| depositor = France

| language = French

| languages =

| footnotes =

| wikisource =

}}

The International Convention on the Protection of Birds (French: Convention internationale sur la protection (des) oiseaux) is an animal welfare treaty signed in Paris on 18 October 1950,{{Cite book |last=Haas |first=Peter M. |date=2017 |title=International Environmental Governance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |location= |publisher=Routledge |page=12 |isbn=9781351562423 |access-date=15 February 2022}} ratified in 1953 by Austria, France, Greece and Monaco, and entered into effect on 17 January 1963 for 13 European countries.{{Cite web |language=fr |author= |title=Convention internationale sur la protection oiseaux |date=April 2016 |url=https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1955/1036_1062_1070/20160330/fr/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1955-1036_1062_1070-20160330-fr-pdf-a.pdf |work=www.admin.ch |publisher=Government of Switzerland |access-date=15 February 2022}} (PDF) It followed the International Convention for the Protection of Birds that are Useful for Agriculture that was signed in Paris on 19 March 1902{{Cite web |author= |title=Convention du 19 mars 1902 pour la protection des oiseaux utiles à l’agriculture |date= |url=https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/22/611_565_639/fr |work=www.admin.ch |publisher=Government of Switzerland |access-date=15 February 2022}} (which remains effective, but has been rendered completely obsolete by later treaties), to extend to all species of birds. The text of the treaty was modified for the first time on 1 September 1973, and a second time on 30 March 2016.{{Cite web |language=fr |author= |title=Convention internationale du 18 octobre 1950 sur la protection des oiseaux : Chronologie |date= |url=https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1955/1036_1062_1070/fr/history |work=www.admin.ch |publisher=Government of Switzerland |access-date=15 February 2022}}

The Convention established the principle that all birds, except for a small number of species, must be protected. It does not contain a list of species entitled to protection. Parties are required to maintain closed seasons for game birds (mostly during the spring migration), comply with certain hunting method regulations, and encouraged to establish bird reserves.{{Cite journal |last=Klemm |first=Cyril de |date=1989 |title=Migratory Species In International Law |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24883419 |journal=Natural Resources Journal |publisher=University of New Mexico School of Law |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=957 |doi= |access-date=15 February 2022}}

According to the then-Governor of the International Council of Environmental Law Cyril de Klemm (1989), the Convention "has been largely ineffective", mostly due to the relatively small number of countries that have ratified it. Instead, the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (signed in 1979, effective in 1982) had become the "main international instrument for the protection for European birds".