Internet Engineering Task Force#Steering group

There is no membership in the IETF. Anyone can participate by signing up to a working group mailing list, or registering for an IETF meeting.{{cite web|url=https://www.ietf.org/about/introduction/|title=IETF Introduction|publisher=IETF|access-date=20 Jan 2024}}

The IETF operates in a bottom-up task creation mode{{Clarify|date=March 2025}}, largely driven by working groups. Each working group normally has appointed two co-chairs (occasionally three); a charter that describes its focus; and what it is expected to produce, and when. It is open to all who want to participate and holds discussions on an open mailing list. Working groups hold open sessions at IETF meetings, where the onsite registration fee in 2024 was between {{currency|875|US}} (early registration) and $1200 per person for the week.{{cite web|url=https://registration.ietf.org/119/|title=IETF Registration|publisher=IETF|access-date=20 Jan 2024}} Significant discounts are available for students and remote participants. As working groups do not make decisions at IETF meetings, with all decisions taken later on the working group mailing list, meeting attendance is not required for contributors.

Rough consensus is the primary basis for decision making. There are no formal voting procedures. Each working group is intended to complete work on its topic and then disband. In some cases, the working group will instead have its charter updated to take on new tasks as appropriate.

The working groups are grouped into areas by subject matter {{See below|{{section link||Steering group}}, below}}. Each area is overseen by an area director (AD), with most areas having two ADs. The ADs are responsible for appointing working group chairs. The area directors, together with the IETF Chair, form the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), which is responsible for the overall operation of the IETF.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

File:IETF org chart.png

The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) oversees the IETF's external relationships."Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)", RFC 2850, B. Carpenter, May 2000. Retrieved 21 July 2014. The IAB provides long-range technical direction for Internet development. The IAB also manages the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), with which the IETF has a number of cross-group relations.{{Cite journal |last=Board |first=Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) |title=RFC Editor |url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2850.html |website=RFC Editor|date=May 2000 }}

A nominating committee (NomCom) of ten randomly chosen volunteers who participate regularly at meetings, a non-voting chair and 4-5 liaisons, is vested with the power to appoint, reappoint, and remove members of the IESG, IAB, IETF Trust and the IETF LLC.[https://www.ietf.org/about/groups/nomcom/ "Nominating Committee"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824164948/https://www.ietf.org/about/groups/nomcom/ |date=August 24, 2024 }}, IETF. Retrieved 24 August 2024. To date, no one has been removed by a NomCom, although several people have resigned their positions, requiring replacements.{{cite web |title=RFC 3777 Update for Vacancies |url=http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-ietf-genarea-bcp10upd-01.html |website=WaterSprings.org |date=1 November 2012}}

In 1993 the IETF changed from an activity supported by the US federal government to an independent, international activity associated with the Internet Society, a US-based 501(c)(3) organization.[http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/ietf-and-internet-society "IETF and the Internet Society"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729001534/http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/ietf-and-internet-society |date=July 29, 2014 }}, Vint Cerf, Internet Society, 18 July 1995. In 2018 the Internet Society created a subsidiary, the IETF Administration LLC, to be the corporate, legal and financial home for the IETF.[https://www.ietf.org/administration/overview/ "IETF Administration LLC"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824170733/https://www.ietf.org/administration/overview/|date=August 24, 2024}}, IETF. Retrieved 24 August 2024. IETF activities are funded by meeting fees, meeting sponsors and by the Internet Society via its organizational membership and the proceeds of the Public Interest Registry.[http://pir.org/about-us/history/ "History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726124546/http://pir.org/about-us/history/ |date=July 26, 2014 }}, Your Public Internet Registry. Retrieved 21 July 2014.

In December 2005, the IETF Trust was established to manage the copyrighted materials produced by the IETF.[//trustee.ietf.org/ "IETF Trust"], IETF. Retrieved 21 July 2014.

The Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) is a body composed of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) chair and area directors. It provides the final technical review of Internet standards and is responsible for day-to-day management of the IETF. It receives appeals of the decisions of the working groups, and the IESG makes the decision to progress documents in the standards track.{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.ietf.org/standards/process/role-iesg-standards-process/|access-date=2021-06-03|website=IETF|language=en|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624114736/https://www7.ietf.org/standards/process/role-iesg-standards-process/|url-status=live}}

The chair of the IESG is the area director of the general area, who also serves as the overall IETF chair. Members of the IESG include the two directors, sometimes three, of each of the following areas:{{cite web|url=https://www.ietf.org/technologies/areas/|title=IETF Areas|publisher=IETF|access-date=30 August 2024|archive-date=August 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824164948/https://www.ietf.org/technologies/areas/|url-status=live}}

• Applications and real-time (art)
• General (gen)
• Internet (int)
• Operations and management (ops)
• Routing (rtg)
• Security (sec)
• Web and Internet transport (wit)

Liaison and ex officio members include:{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

• IETF executive director
• IAB chair
• Appointed liaison from the IAB
• Liaison from the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
• Liaison from the Request for Comments (RFC) editor

{{Prose|section|date=November 2021}}

The Gateway Algorithms and Data Structures (GADS) Task Force was the precursor to the IETF. Its chairman was David L. Mills of the University of Delaware.{{cite book |title=Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide |author=John S. Quarterman |edition=2 |publisher=Digital Press |year=1990 |url=https://archive.org/details/matrixcomputerne0000quar/page/185 |isbn=1-55558-033-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/matrixcomputerne0000quar/page/185 185–186]}}

In January 1986, the Internet Activities Board (IAB; now called the Internet Architecture Board) decided to divide GADS into two entities: an Internet Architecture (INARC) Task Force chaired by Mills to pursue research goals, and the IETF to handle nearer-term engineering and technology transfer issues. The first IETF chair was Mike Corrigan, who was then the technical program manager for the Defense Data Network (DDN). Also in 1986, after leaving DARPA, Robert E. Kahn founded the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI), which began providing administrative support to the IETF.

In 1987, Corrigan was succeeded as IETF chair by Phill Gross.{{cite web |url=https://www.internetsociety.org/news/press-releases/2004/phill-gross-recognized-internet-societys-postel-award/ |title=Phill Gross recognized with the Internet Society's Postel Award |website=Internet Society |access-date=11 Jun 2021 |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612024300/https://www.internetsociety.org/news/press-releases/2004/phill-gross-recognized-internet-societys-postel-award/ |url-status=live }}

Effective March 1, 1989, but providing support dating back to late 1988, CNRI and NSF entered into a cooperative agreement, No. NCR-8820945, wherein CNRI agreed to create and provide a "secretariat" for the "overall coordination, management and support of the work of the IAB, its various task forces and, particularly, the IETF".{{cite web |url=https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-lyons-proposed-changes-statement-01.txt/ |title=IETF: Proposed Organizational Changes |website=IETF |access-date=11 Jun 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918145544/https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-lyons-proposed-changes-statement-01.txt |url-status=live }}

In 1992, CNRI supported the formation and early funding of the Internet Society, which took on the IETF as a fiscally sponsored project, along with the IAB, the IRTF, and the organization of annual INET meetings. Gross continued to serve as IETF chair throughout this transition. Cerf, Kahn, and Lyman Chapin announced the formation of ISOC as "a professional society to facilitate, support, and promote the evolution and growth of the Internet as a global research communications infrastructure".{{cite web |first1=Vint |last1=Cerf|first2=Bob |last2=Kahn|first3=Lyman |last3=Chapin |title=Announcing the Internet Society |url=https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-of-the-internet/announcing-internet-society/ |access-date=15 December 2019 |date=1992 |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729231011/https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-of-the-internet/announcing-internet-society/ |url-status=live }} At the first board meeting of the Internet Society, Cerf, representing CNRI, offered, "In the event a deficit occurs, CNRI has agreed to contribute up to USD$102,000 to offset it."{{cite web |url=http://www.internetsociety.org/who-we-are/board-trustees/meetings/1/minutes |title=Board Meeting No. 1 – Minutes {{!}} Internet Society |website=Internetsociety.org |language=en |access-date=2017-02-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204171433/http://www.internetsociety.org/who-we-are/board-trustees/meetings/1/minutes |archive-date=2017-02-04}} In 1993, Cerf continued to support the formation of ISOC while working for CNRI,{{cite web |url=http://netpolicynews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=764:footnotes-to-history&catid=88:sp&Itemid=435 |title=Footnotes to History |last=dave |website=netpolicynews.com |language=en-gb |access-date=2017-02-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204172302/http://netpolicynews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=764%3Afootnotes-to-history&catid=88%3Asp&Itemid=435 |archive-date=2017-02-04}} and the role of ISOC in "the official procedures for creating and documenting Internet Standards" was codified in the IETF's {{IETF RFC|1602}}.{{cite journal |url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1602.html |title=The Internet Standards Process — Revision 2 |last1=Internet Engineering Steering Group |last2=Internet Architecture Board |website=tools.ietf.org |date=March 1994 |doi=10.17487/RFC1602 |access-date=Oct 4, 2020 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018124321/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1602.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}

In 1995, IETF's {{IETF RFC|2031|link=no}} describes ISOC's role in the IETF as being purely administrative, and ISOC as having "no influence whatsoever on the Internet Standards process, the Internet Standards or their technical content".{{cite journal |url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc2031/ |title=RFC 2031 – IETF-ISOC relationship |website=IETF Datatracker |date=October 1996 |last1=Huizer |first1=Erik |access-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612024259/https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc2031/ |url-status=live }}

In 1998, CNRI established Foretec Seminars, Inc. (Foretec), a for-profit subsidiary to take over providing secretariat services to the IETF. Foretec provided these services until at least 2004. By 2013, Foretec was dissolved.{{cite web |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_va/F1308081 |title=FORETEC SEMINARS INC. :: Virginia (US) |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612024306/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_va/F1308081 |url-status=live }}

In 2003, IETF's {{IETF RFC|3677|link=no}} described IETFs role in appointing three board members to the ISOC's board of directors.{{cite journal |url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3677/ |title=RFC 3677 – IETF ISOC Board of Trustee Appointment Procedures |website=IETF Datatracker |date=December 2003 |last1=Daigle |first1=Leslie |access-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612024306/https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3677/ |url-status=live }}

In 2018, ISOC established The IETF Administration LLC, a separate LLC to handle the administration of the IETF.{{cite web|title=Limited Liability Company Agreement of IETF Administration LLC|url=https://www.ietf.org/media/documents/IETF-LLC-Agreement.pdf|website=IETF|access-date=14 August 2020|archive-date=June 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629143424/https://www.ietf.org/media/documents/IETF-LLC-Agreement.pdf|url-status=live}} In 2019, the LLC issued a call for proposals to provide secretariat services to the IETF.{{cite web|url=https://www.ietf.org/media/documents/IETF-FINAL-Secretariat-RFP-2019_June_24_2019.pdf|title=The IETF Administration LLC : On behalf of The Internet Engineering Task Force|website=IETF |date=June 24, 2019 |access-date=1 March 2022|archive-date=June 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629143431/https://www.ietf.org/media/documents/IETF-FINAL-Secretariat-RFP-2019_June_24_2019.pdf|url-status=live}}

The first IETF meeting was attended by 21 US federal government-funded researchers on 16 January 1986. It was a continuation of the work of the earlier GADS Task Force. Representatives from non-governmental entities (such as gateway vendors){{cite book|title= www.google.com : Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide|author=John S. Quarterman|edition=2|publisher=Digital Press|year=1990|isbn=9781555580339|pages=185–186}} were invited to attend starting with the fourth IETF meeting in October 1986. Since that time all IETF meetings have been open to the public.[http://oreilly.com/openbook/opensources/book/ietf.html "Internet Engineering Task Force"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228181401/http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/opensources/book/ietf.html |date=December 28, 2014 }}, Scott Bradner, Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, O'Reilly, 1st Edition, January 1999, {{ISBN|1-56592-582-3}}. Retrieved 21 July 2014.

Initially, the IETF met quarterly, but from 1991, it has been meeting three times a year. The initial meetings were very small, with fewer than 35 people in attendance at each of the first five meetings. The maximum attendance during the first 13 meetings was only 120 attendees. This occurred at the twelfth meeting, held during January 1989. These meetings have grown in both participation and scope a great deal since the early 1990s; it had a maximum attendance of 2810 at the December 2000 IETF held in San Diego, California. Attendance declined with industry restructuring during the early 2000s, and is currently around 1200.{{cite web |url=https://www.ietf.org/meeting/past.html |title=Past Meetings |publisher=IETF |access-date=21 July 2014 |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825125706/https://www.ietf.org/meeting/past.html |url-status=live }}

The locations for IETF meetings vary greatly. A list of past and future meeting locations is on the IETF meetings page.{{cite web |url=https://www.ietf.org/meeting/ |title=IETF Meetings |publisher=IETF |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-date=January 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115094754/http://www.ietf.org/meeting/ |url-status=live }} The IETF strives to hold its meetings near where most of the IETF volunteers are located. IETF meetings are held three times a year, with one meeting each in Asia, Europe and North America. An occasional exploratory meeting is held outside of those regions in place of one of the other regions.{{Cite IETF |title=High-Level Guidance for the Meeting Policy of the IETF |rfc=8719 |author=S. Krishnan|date=February 2020 |publisher=IETF |access-date=August 24, 2024 |doi=10.17487/RFC8719}}

The IETF also organizes hackathons during the IETF meetings. The focus is on implementing code that will improve standards in terms of quality and interoperability.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ietf.org/hackathon/|title=IETF Hackathon|website=IETF|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=September 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905175501/https://www.ietf.org/hackathon/|url-status=live}}

Due to recent changes in USA administration that deny entry to foreign free speech supporters and could impact transgender people. There is a movement to ask the IETF to have its meeting outside of the USA in a safe country instead.[https://boycott-ietf127.org/ Boycott IETF 127]

The details of IETF operations have changed considerably as the organization has grown, but the basic mechanism remains publication of proposed specifications, development based on the proposals, review and independent testing by participants, and republication as a revised proposal, a draft proposal, or eventually as an Internet Standard. IETF standards are developed in an open, all-inclusive process in which any interested individual can participate. All IETF documents are freely available over the Internet and can be reproduced at will. Multiple, working, useful, interoperable implementations are the chief requirement before an IETF proposed specification can become a standard. Most specifications are focused on single protocols rather than tightly interlocked systems. This has allowed the protocols to be used in many different systems, and its standards are routinely re-used by bodies which create full-fledged architectures (e.g. 3GPP IMS).{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Because it relies on volunteers and uses "rough consensus and running code" as its touchstone, results can be slow whenever the number of volunteers is either too small to make progress, or so large as to make consensus difficult, or when volunteers lack the necessary expertise. For protocols like SMTP, which is used to transport e-mail for a user community in the many hundreds of millions, there is also considerable resistance to any change that is not fully backward compatible, except for IPv6. Work within the IETF on ways to improve the speed of the standards-making process is ongoing but, because the number of volunteers with opinions on it is very great, consensus on improvements has been slow to develop.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The IETF cooperates with the W3C, ISO/IEC, ITU, and other standards bodies.

Statistics are available that show who the top contributors by RFC publication are.[http://www.arkko.com/tools/allstats/ "IETF document statistics (all documents)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706043018/http://www.arkko.com/tools/allstats/ |date=July 6, 2013 }}, Jari Arkko. Retrieved 21 July 2014. While the IETF only allows for participation by individuals, and not by corporations or governments, sponsorship information is available from these statistics.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The IETF chairperson is selected by the NomCom process for a two-year renewable term."IAB and IESG Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process: Operation of the Nominating and Recall Committees", RFC 3777, J. Galvin (Ed.), June 2004. Retrieved 21 July 2014. Before 1993, the IETF Chair was selected by the IAB.{{cite web |url=https://www.ietf.org/iesg/past-members.html |title=Past IESG Members and IETF Chairs |publisher=IETF |access-date=21 July 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726110525/http://www.ietf.org/iesg/past-members.html |url-status=live }}

A list of the past and current chairs of the IETF:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Mike Corrigan (1986)
• Phill Gross (1986–1994)
• Paul Mockapetris (1994–1996)
• Fred Baker (1996–2001)
• Harald Tveit Alvestrand (2001–2005)
• Brian Carpenter (2005–2007)
• Russ Housley (2007–2013)
• Jari Arkko (2013–2017)
• Alissa Cooper{{cite web |url=https://www.ietf.org/blog/2017/03/profile-alissa-cooper/ |title=IETF Profile: Alissa Cooper |publisher=IETF |access-date=30 May 2017 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321011432/https://www.ietf.org/blog/profile-alissa-cooper/ |url-status=live }} (2017–2021)
• Lars Eggert (2021–2024)
• Roman Danyliw (2024–)

{{div col end}}

The IETF works on a broad range of networking technologies which provide foundation for the Internet's growth and evolution.{{cite web|title=Topics of interest|url=https://www.ietf.org/topics/|website=IETF|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=September 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917152517/https://www.ietf.org/topics/|url-status=live}}

It aims to improve the efficiency in management of networks as they grow in size and complexity. The IETF is also standardizing protocols for autonomic networking that enables networks to be self managing.{{cite web|title=Automated network management|url=https://www.ietf.org/topics/netmgmt/|website=IETF|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=January 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113141653/http://www.ietf.org/topics/netmgmt/|url-status=live}}

It is a network of physical objects or things that are embedded with electronics, sensors, software and also enables objects to exchange data with operator, manufacturer and other connected devices. Several IETF working groups are developing protocols that are directly relevant to IoT.{{cite web|title=The Internet of Things|url=https://www.ietf.org/topics/iot/|website=IETF|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414030228/https://www.ietf.org/topics/iot/|url-status=live}}

Its development provides the ability of internet applications to send data over the Internet. There are some well-established transport protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) which are continuously getting extended and refined to meet the needs of the global Internet.{{cite web|title=New transport technology|url=https://www.ietf.org/topics/transport/|website=IETF|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=December 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231122128/https://www.ietf.org/topics/transport/|url-status=live}}

{{Portal|Internet}}

• Internet governance

{{Reflist}}

• {{Official website}}
• [https://www.ietf.org/about/groups/iesg/ Steering group]
• [https://www.ietf.org/old/2009/proceedings_directory.html IETF Online Proceedings]
• [https://www.ietf.org/old/2009/proceedings/directory2.html Early IETF Proceedings] (note: large pdf files, one for each volume)
• [https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/past/ Past Meetings of the IETF]
• [https://www.ietf.org/about/groups/iesg/past-members/ Past IESG Members and IETF Chairs]
• [https://tools.ietf.org/rfcmarkup?doc=fyi17 The Tao of the IETF]: details on how IETF is organized

{{Authority control}}

Category:Internet properties established in 1986

Category:Organizations established in 1986

Category:Internet governance organizations

Category:Internet Standard organizations

Category:Internet-related organizations

Category:History of the Internet

Category:Task forces

Category:1986 establishments in the United States