Interpolymer complexes

Interpolymer complexes can be prepared either by mixing complementary polymers in solutions or by matrix (template) polymerisation. It is also possible to prepare IPCs at liquid-liquid interfaces or at solid or soft surfaces. Usually the structure of IPCs formed will depend on many factors, including the nature of interacting polymers, concentrations of their solutions, nature of solvent and presence of inorganic ions or organic molecules in solutions. Mixing of dilute polymer solutions usually leads to formation of IPCs as a colloidal dispersion, whereas more concentrated polymer solutions form IPCs in the form of a gel.

Methods to study interpolymer complexes could be classified into:

:(1) approaches to demonstrate the fact of the complex formation and to determine the composition of IPCs in solutions;{{Cite journal |last=Murmiliuk |first=Anastasiia |last2=Hladysh |first2=Sviatoslav |last3=Filippov |first3=Sergey K. |last4=Stepanek |first4=Miroslav |date=2022-09-01 |title=Comprehensive Multidimensional Characterization of Polyelectrolytes and Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes in Aqueous Solutions |url=https://doi.org/10.1134/S263482762260013X |journal=Reviews and Advances in Chemistry |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=163–177 |doi=10.1134/S263482762260013X |issn=2634-8284|url-access=subscription }}

:(2) approaches to study the structure of IPCs formed;

:(3) methods to characterize IPCs in solid state.{{Cite journal|last=Khutoryanskiy|first=V. V.|last2=Smyslov|first2=R. Yu.|last3=Yakimansky|first3=A. V.|date=2018-09-01|title=Modern Methods for Studying Polymer Complexes in Aqueous and Organic Solutions|journal=Polymer Science, Series A |volume=60|issue=5|pages=553–576|doi=10.1134/S0965545X18050085|issn=1555-6107|url=http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/79019/3/Modern%20methods%20%2528review%20for%20VMS%2529-accepted.pdf}}

IPCs are finding applications in pharmaceutics in the design of novel dosage forms.{{Cite journal|last=Khutoryanskiy|first=Vitaliy V.|date=2007-04-04|title=Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes as materials for pharmaceutical applications|journal=International Journal of Pharmaceutics|volume=334|issue=1|pages=15–26 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.037|pmid=17320317|issn=0378-5173}}{{Cite journal |last=Fay |first=James M. |last2=Kabanov |first2=Alexander V. |date=2022-09-01 |title=Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes as an Emerging Technology for Pharmaceutical Delivery of Polypeptides |url=https://doi.org/10.1134/S2634827622600177 |journal=Reviews and Advances in Chemistry |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=137–162 |doi=10.1134/S2634827622600177 |issn=2634-8284 |pmc=9987408}}{{Cite journal |last=Murmiliuk |first=Anastasiia |last2=Iwase |first2=Hiroki |last3=Kang |first3=Jia-Jhen |last4=Mohanakumar |first4=Shilpa |last5=Appavou |first5=Marie-Sousai |last6=Wood |first6=Kathleen |last7=Almásy |first7=László |last8=Len |first8=Adél |last9=Schwärzer |first9=Kuno |last10=Allgaier |first10=Jürgen |last11=Dulle |first11=Martin |last12=Gensch |first12=Thomas |last13=Förster |first13=Beate |last14=Ito |first14=Kanae |last15=Nakagawa |first15=Hiroshi |date=2024 |title=Polyelectrolyte-protein synergism: pH-responsive polyelectrolyte/insulin complexes as versatile carriers for targeted protein and drug delivery |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979724006581 |journal=Journal of Colloid and Interface Science |volume=665 |pages=801–813 |doi=10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.156 |issn=0021-9797|doi-access=free }} They also are increasingly used to form various coatings using layer-by-layer deposition approach.{{Cite journal|last=Decher|first=Gero|date=1997-08-29|title=Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites |journal=Science|volume=277 |issue=5330 |pages=1232–1237|doi=10.1126/science.277.5330.1232|issn=0036-8075}} Some IPCs were proposed for application as membranes and films.{{Cite journal |last=Bromberg |first=L. E.|date=1991-10-01|title=Composite membranes based on polyelectrolyte complexes|journal=Journal of Membrane Science |volume=62 |issue=2|pages=131–143 |doi=10.1016/0376-7388(91)80057-D|issn=0376-7388}} They also have been used for structuring of soils to protect from erosion.{{Cite journal|last=Zezin|first=A. B.|last2=Mikheikin|first2=S. V.|last3=Rogacheva|first3=V. B.|last4=Zansokhova|first4=M. F.|last5=Sybachin|first5=A. V.|last6=Yaroslavov|first6=A. A.|date=2015-12-01 |title=Polymeric stabilizers for protection of soil and ground against wind and water erosion|journal=Advances in Colloid and Interface Science|series=Colloid and Polymer Interfaces in Bio-resources and Environments|volume=226|issue=Pt A|pages=17–23|doi=10.1016/j.cis.2015.06.006|pmid=26260276|issn=0001-8686}} Other applications include encapsulation technologies.{{Cite journal|last=Geest|first=Bruno G. De|last2=Koker|first2=Stefaan De|last3=Sukhorukov|first3=Gleb B.|last4=Kreft|first4=Oliver |last5=Parak|first5=Wolfgang J.|last6=Skirtach|first6=Andrei G.|last7=Demeester|first7=Jo|last8=Smedt|first8=Stefaan C. De|last9=Hennink|first9=Wim E.|date=2009-01-08 |title=Polyelectrolyte microcapsules for biomedical applications|journal=Soft Matter |volume=5|issue=2|pages=282–291 |doi=10.1039/B808262F |issn=1744-6848|bibcode=2009SMat....5..282D }}

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Category:Polymer chemistry