Introversion Software

The company was founded in 2001 by three friends, Chris Delay, Mark Morris, and Thomas Arundel, who met as undergraduates at Imperial College London.{{cite web |title=Introversion Software . About Us |url=http://www.introversion.co.uk/aboutus.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209065242/http://www.introversion.co.uk/aboutus.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Introversion.co.uk}} The company originally labelled itself "the last of the bedroom programmers" due to the trio working out of their homes – they moved into an office when working on their fourth game, Multiwinia. Their first released video game, Uplink, was programmed and designed almost exclusively by Chris, while Mark and Tom handled marketing, materials and the other business elements. Their small initial investment enabled them to buy CD-Rs and printer cartridges. Early copies of the game were handmade. The company was able to fully make back their investment within a few hours of accepting orders. A large community formed, and the team, along with a new programmer Andy Bainbridge, started work on two new games.

Darwinia was released to much critical acclaim and was eventually re-released via Steam on 14 December 2005{{cite web |url=http://store.steampowered.com/app/1500/ |title=Darwinia on Steam |access-date=3 September 2016 |archive-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907131808/http://store.steampowered.com/app/1500 |url-status=live }} On 29 September 2006, Introversion Software launched its third game, DEFCON. Shortly after, Introversion had measured their bandwidth in terabytes for the first time. After the release of DEFCON, Introversion began work on a game called Subversion.{{cite web |url=http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=566 |title=Introversion • View topic – It's all in your head, Part 1 |publisher=Forums.introversion.co.uk |date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=18 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818000819/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=566 |url-status=live }} Their next game, however, was Multiwinia, a multiplayer follow-up to Darwinia, and was released on 19 September 2008.

Darwinia and Multiwinia were ported for the Xbox 360. This resulted in the eventual release of Darwinia+, which included both games, to the Xbox Live Arcade on 10 February 2010.{{Cite web |url=http://www.introversion.co.uk/darwiniaplus/ |title=Darwinia+ |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620043552/http://www.introversion.co.uk/darwiniaplus/ |url-status=live }}

After the release of Multiwinia in 2008, Introversion announced the commencement of working on a game called Subversion in December of that year. This was followed by a series of blog-posts about the development of the game and its procedurally generated urban areas{{cite web |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/02/20/subversion-unveiled/ |title=Subversion Unveiled |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |date=20 February 2010 |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221192327/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/02/20/subversion-unveiled/ |url-status=live |last1=Co-Founder |first1=Jim Rossignol |last2=Rossignol |first2=Jim }} and the game was shown at the World of Love event in 2010.{{cite web |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/11/30/see-subversion-at-world-of-love/ |title=See Subversion At World Of Love |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |date=30 November 2010 |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221212114/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/11/30/see-subversion-at-world-of-love/ |url-status=live }} In October 2011, after three years in development, Subversion was announced as delayed.{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=17 October 2011 |title=New Introversion Project, Subversion Delayed |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/10/17/new-introversion-project-subversion-delayed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106054145/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/10/17/new-introversion-project-subversion-delayed/ |archive-date=6 January 2014 |access-date=3 February 2014 |website=Rock Paper Shotgun}}

Their new game was announced as Prison Architect during the Humble Indie Bundle release of Introversion games and tech demos of Subversion material, along with a treasure hunt of information on the new game hidden within the tech demos.{{cite web |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/11/30/introversion-humbundle-and-hunt-updates/ |title=Introversion HumBundle And Hunt Updates |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |date=30 November 2011 |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221203035/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/11/30/introversion-humbundle-and-hunt-updates/ |url-status=live }}

{{Tone|section|date=November 2023}}

After a low-key launch, Uplink was a critical and commercial success for Introversion. A visit to E3 2002 saw the team "rinse £10k in a week on speedboats and fast cars", but regret soon set in as they watched their income steadily decline, since "in the games industry, you make 75% of your total revenue for the product in the first 6 months".[http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=615 "Becoming a proper company....,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317152632/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=615 |date=17 March 2007 }} Tom, Introversion staff. By December 2002, then-publisher Strategy First had stopped paying royalties for Uplink; they would later file a Consumer Proposal, but were acquired by Silverstar Holdings in early 2005. Even with the cash flow from direct sales, Introversion ran out of money in the middle of 2003. The company hovered on the edge of bankruptcy, with the team selling most of their worldly goods, as their second project and only hope for funds—Darwinia—"slipped relentlessly".

Darwinia was eventually released in March 2005, but despite a strong opening weekend, sales soon slipped too low to sustain the company. Within six months, the developers were back on UK government benefits until November, when they contacted Valve "on a whim"{{cite web |url=http://steamreview.org/posts/introversiongibiz/ |title=Introversion talk Steam |work=The Steam Review |date=15 July 2006 |access-date=12 April 2007 |archive-date=2 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202142943/http://steamreview.org/posts/introversiongibiz/ |url-status=live }} to try to set up a digital distribution deal on their Steam platform. Valve responded enthusiastically and, following a 14 December 2005 online launch, digital sales, which exposed the game to a new, global audience, kept the company going through to the release of their third game, DEFCON.

On 15 September 2006, the day DEFCON pre-orders were made available, Introversion spent their last £1500. Fortuitously, the game "did much much better than [they] ever imagined" and funds for at least the forthcoming twelve months quickly rolled in to replace it. Seemingly financially secure, the company place their eventual success largely at Valve's feet: "Steam has made Introversion a commercial success", Tom Arundel is quoted saying.{{cite magazine |last=Hyman |first=Paul |date=March 2007 |title=State of the Industry: Digital Distribution |magazine=Game Developer |publisher=CMP Group |page=14}}

By early 2010 the company was back in financial trouble. After spending over a year porting Darwinia+ to the Xbox 360, the game was not successful at launch. "It just really bombed. We missed the entire audience, I think", director Mark Morris said.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-07-21-that-which-does-not-kill-you |title=That which does not kill you... |date=21 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 |archive-date=24 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724034635/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-07-21-that-which-does-not-kill-you? |url-status=live }} The launch was in fact so poor, the company was able to tell in the first 10 minutes that it would not make enough money to save the company. At this time the company was so deeply in debt that by continuing operation the Directors faced criminal prosecution under UK insolvency law. "Tom (Arundel) spent a lot of time in those final days genuinely convinced that we were trading insolvently, probably trading insolvently, which is a criminal offense. So he was arguing that we needed to stop immediately, completely down tools, or there was a very real possibility that we would face prosecution".

Slowly Introversion's finances changed again. In Q3 2010 the company was able to add Steam achievements to DEFCON which resulted in the game being prominently featured in a sale. Morris credits the $250,000 generated by the Steam promotion as saving the company.{{cite web |url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/08/23/how-a-steam-promotion-saved-introversion/ |title=How A Steam Promotion Saved Introversion |first=Kieron |last=Gillen |work=Rock, Paper, Shotgun |date=23 August 2010 |access-date=22 July 2014 |archive-date=14 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514163129/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/08/23/how-a-steam-promotion-saved-introversion/ |url-status=live }} Later, Introversion's games were featured in a Humble Indie Bundle that launched in November 2011. The "Humble Introversion Bundle" sold 190,261 bundles and generated $779,026.33. Introversion used the money for the ongoing development of their next game, entitled Prison Architect.{{cite web |url=http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=3030 |title=Introversion • View topic – Number of players : Doubled |publisher=Forums.introversion.co.uk |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=18 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618175037/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=3030 |url-status=live }}

As of 26 September 2015, Prison Architect had grossed over $19 million in sales, and over 1.25 million units of the game had been sold.{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-09-30-prison-architect-earns-usd19m-from-1-25m-sales-but-whats-next |title=Prison Architect earns $19m from 1.25m sales – but what's next? |first=Robert |last=Purchese |work=Eurogamer |date=30 September 2015 |access-date=30 September 2015 |archive-date=6 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206232203/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-09-30-prison-architect-earns-usd19m-from-1-25m-sales-but-whats-next |url-status=live }} By the end of August 2016 when the final version '2.0' of Prison Architect was released, the number of individual players was given as two million.

Their next title, Scanner Sombre, was released in April 2017,{{Cite news |date=24 April 2017 |title=Introversion's Scanner Sombre surfacing on Wednesday |language=en |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/scanner-sombre-release-date |access-date=9 February 2021 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201224837/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/scanner-sombre-release-date |url-status=live }} after a 9 month development stage. The game sold only 6000 copies upon its release. Chris Delay remarked that it had "bombed in a big way".{{Cite web |last=Purchese |first=Robert |date=26 June 2017 |title=Prison Architect dev Introversion reflects upon Scanner Sombre, which "bombed in a big way" |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-06-26-introversions-new-game-scanner-sombre-bombed-in-a-big-way |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=Eurogamer |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130192953/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-06-26-introversions-new-game-scanner-sombre-bombed-in-a-big-way |url-status=live }} Virtual reality compatibility has been implemented into the game post-release, supporting both the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift, and was released in late June 2017,{{Cite web |last=Livingston |first=Christopher |date=13 May 2017 |title=Scanner Sombre is coming to VR |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/introversion-softwares-adventure-game-scanner-sombre-is-coming-to-vr/ |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=PC Gamer |language=en-US |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918000410/https://www.pcgamer.com/introversion-softwares-adventure-game-scanner-sombre-is-coming-to-vr/ |url-status=live }} marking the developer's first (and to date only) foray into VR.

In January 2019, Introversion and Paradox Interactive announced that the Prison Architect intellectual property was being sold on to Paradox for an undisclosed fee, so that Introversion could concentrate on new projects while Paradox continued to support and expand on the property.{{Cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/08/paradox-interactive-acquires-prison-architect-from-introversion-games/ |title=Paradox Interactive acquires Prison Architect from Introversion Games |date=8 January 2019 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |access-date=23 January 2019 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203224354/https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/08/paradox-interactive-acquires-prison-architect-from-introversion-games/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-01-08-paradox-acquires-prison-architect-from-introversion-software |title=Paradox acquires Prison Architect from Introversion Software |website=GamesIndustry.biz |date=8 January 2019 |language=en |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324231928/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-01-08-paradox-acquires-prison-architect-from-introversion-software |url-status=live }}

On 28 May 2022 Introversion announced their new science fiction themed video game The Last Starship, which is scheduled to be released in 2023.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-28 |title=EGX 2022 – Hands-On with The Last Starship! |url=https://moviesgamesandtech.com/2022/09/28/the-last-starship-initial-reaction/ |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Movies Games and Tech |language=en-GB |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107134015/https://moviesgamesandtech.com/2022/09/28/the-last-starship-initial-reaction/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=The Last Starship on Steam |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/1857080/The_Last_Starship/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607173834/https://store.steampowered.com/app/1857080/The_Last_Starship/ |url-status=live }}

• Uplink (2001)
• Darwinia (2005)
• DEFCON (2006)
• Multiwinia (2008)"'Last of the Bedroom Programmers' Announce Multiwinia on PC" from Introversion's press release [http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=647 Introversion Announces Multiwinia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128085107/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=647 |date=28 January 2013 }}, 27 February 2007, 2:57 p.m.{{cite web |url=http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=1064 |title=Welcome to Paradise – Introversion |access-date=29 January 2008 |archive-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128081524/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=1064 |url-status=live }}
• Darwinia+ (2010){{cite web |url=http://www.introversion.co.uk/darwiniaplus |title=Darwinia+ XBLA Xbox Live Arcade |access-date=5 July 2009 |archive-date=30 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530171013/http://introversion.co.uk/darwiniaplus/ |url-status=live }}
• Prison Architect (2015)
• Scanner Sombre (2017){{cite web |url=http://forums.introversion.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=60489 |title=Scanner Sombre – Introversion |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427004429/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=60489 |url-status=live }}
• The Last Starship (2023)

• Subversion (cancelled){{cite web |last=Welsh |first=Oli |title=Rezzed Sessions: Why Subversion sucked and Prison Architect won't |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-11-rezzed-sessions-why-subversion-sucked-and-prison-architect-wont |website=Eurogamer |date=11 July 2012 |access-date=17 July 2012 |archive-date=18 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718121741/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-07-11-rezzed-sessions-why-subversion-sucked-and-prison-architect-wont |url-status=live }}
• Chronometer (optioned but not developed){{cite web |url=http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=1592 |title=Chronometer – Introversion |access-date=9 July 2008 |archive-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128080949/http://forums.introversion.co.uk/introversion/viewtopic.php?t=1592 |url-status=live }}
• Wrong Wire (cancelled){{cite web |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/tag/wrong-wire/ |title=Wrong Wire – Rock, Paper, Shotgun – PC Game Reviews, Previews, Subjectivity |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |date=26 August 2016 |access-date=29 April 2017 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221194849/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/tag/wrong-wire/ |url-status=live }}
• Order of Magnitude (cancelled){{cite web |last=Cox |first=Matt |date=26 April 2018 |title=Order of Magnitude |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/04/26/order-of-magnitude-introversion-preview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428011909/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/04/26/order-of-magnitude-introversion-preview/ |archive-date=28 April 2018 |access-date=27 April 2018 |website=Rock Paper Shotgun}}{{cite web |url=https://www.pcgamesinsider.biz/news/68481/introversion-has-stepped-away-from-order-of-magnitude-but-the-games-dna-lives-on-in-next-project/ |title=Introversion has stepped away from Order of Magnitude, but the game's DNA lives on in next project |date=7 February 2019 |publisher=PC Games Insider |access-date=21 May 2019 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925021944/https://www.pcgamesinsider.biz/news/68481/introversion-has-stepped-away-from-order-of-magnitude-but-the-games-dna-lives-on-in-next-project/ |url-status=live }}
• Spacebots (cancelled){{cite web |url=https://www.introversion.co.uk/prototypes/ |title=Failed Prototypes |access-date=7 February 2021 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124115413/https://www.introversion.co.uk/prototypes/ |url-status=live }}
• Megaprocessor (cancelled)
• Voxel Factory (cancelled)
• Nanotech (cancelled)
• Deep Space Industrial (cancelled)
• Praxis (cancelled)

{{Reflist|2}}

• [http://www.introversion.co.uk/ Introversion Software's website]

{{Introversion Software}}

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Category:Companies based in Surrey

Category:Video game companies established in 2001

Category:Video game companies of the United Kingdom

Category:Video game development companies