Intuition

According to Sigmund Freud, knowledge could only be attained through the intellectual manipulation of carefully made observations. He rejected any other means of acquiring knowledge such as intuition. His findings could have been an analytic turn of his mind towards the subject.{{cite book |last1= Walker Punerr|first1= Helen |title=Sigmund Freud: His Life and Mind |date= January 1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=386tCTzeb28C&q=intuition+sigmund+freud&pg=PA197 |access-date=28 December 2014 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |pages=197–200|isbn= 9781412834063 }}

In Carl Jung's theory of the ego, described in 1916 in Psychological Types, intuition is an "irrational function", opposed most directly by sensation, and opposed less strongly by the "rational functions" of thinking and feeling. Jung defined intuition as "perception via the unconscious": using sense-perception only as a starting point, to bring forth ideas, images, possibilities, or ways out of a blocked situation, by a process that is mostly unconscious.{{cite book|first=C.G.|last=Jung|title=Psychological Types|series=Bollingen Series XX|volume=6|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1971}}

Jung said that a person in whom intuition is dominant—an "intuitive type"—acts not on the basis of rational judgment but on sheer intensity of perception. An extroverted intuitive type, "the natural champion of all minorities with a future", orients to new and promising but unproven possibilities, often leaving to chase after a new possibility before old ventures have borne fruit, oblivious to his or her own welfare in the constant pursuit of change. An introverted intuitive type orients by images from the unconscious, ever exploring the psychic world of the archetypes, seeking to perceive the meaning of events, but often having no interest in playing a role in those events and not seeing any connection between the contents of the psychic world and him- or herself. Jung thought that extroverted intuitive types were likely entrepreneurs, speculators, cultural revolutionaries, often undone by a desire to escape every situation before it becomes settled and constraining—even repeatedly leaving lovers for the sake of new romantic possibilities. His introverted intuitive types were likely mystics, prophets, or cranks, struggling with a tension between protecting their visions from influence by others and making their ideas comprehensible and reasonably persuasive to others—a necessity for those visions to bear real fruit. Jung's discerning between intuitive types and sensing types was later used in the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), used as polar opposites on the mind.

In modern psychology, intuition can encompass the ability to know valid solutions to problems and the making of decisions. For example, the recognition-primed decision (RPD) model explains how people can make relatively fast decisions without having to compare options. Gary Klein found that under time pressure, high stakes, and changing parameters, experts used their base of experience to identify similar situations and intuitively choose feasible solutions. The RPD model is a blend of intuition and analysis. The intuition is the pattern-matching process that quickly suggests feasible courses of action. The analysis is the mental simulation, a conscious and deliberate review of the courses of action.{{cite book|last=Klein|first=Gary|title=Intuition At Work|publisher=Random House|location=New York, N.Y.|date=January 2003}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

Instinct is often misinterpreted as intuition. Its reliability is dependent on past knowledge and occurrences in a specific area.{{dubious|reason=isn't "instinct" typically used for actions that do not rely on past experience but are innate e.g. genetic?|date=August 2023}} For example, someone who has had more experience with children will tend to have better instincts about what they should do in certain situations with them. This is not to say that one with a great amount of experience is always going to have an accurate intuition.{{cite book|first=Eugene|last=Sadler-Smith|title=Inside Intuition|year=2008}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

Intuitive abilities were quantitatively tested at Yale University in the 1970s. While studying nonverbal communication, researchers noted that some subjects were able to read nonverbal facial cues before reinforcement occurred.{{cite journal|first1=A.J.|last1=Giannini|first2=J.|last2=Daood|first3=M.C.|last3=Giannini|first4=R.|last4=Boniface|first5=P.G.|last5=Rhodes|title=Intellect versus intuition--dichotomy in the reception of nonverbal communication|journal=Journal of General Psychology|volume=99|pages=19–24|year=1978|doi=10.1080/00221309.1978.9920890 }} In {{clarify|text=employing a similar design,|reason=were the subjects employing a design (what sort of design? employing how? similar to what?), or were the experimenters employing a similar experimental design to that of the previous study|date=August 2023}} they noted that highly intuitive subjects made decisions quickly but could not identify their rationale. Their level of accuracy, however, did not differ from that of non-intuitive subjects.{{cite journal|first1=A.J.|last1=Giannini|first2=M.E.|last2=Barringer|first3=M.C.|last3=Giannini|first4=R.H.|last4=Loiselle|title=Lack of relationship between handedness and intuitive and intellectual (rationalistic) modes of information processing|journal=Journal of General Psychology|volume=111|pages=31–37|year=1984|doi=10.1080/00221309.1984.9921094 }}

According to the works of Daniel Kahneman, intuition is the ability to automatically generate solutions without long logical arguments or evidence.{{cite web |url = http://univertv.ru/video/psihologiya/socialnaya_psihologiya/_issledovaniya_psihiki_intuiciya/?mark=science1 |title = Studies of the psyche: intuition |first = Daniel|last = Kahneman|language= en }}{{page needed|date=August 2023}} He mentions two different systems that we use when making decisions and judgements: the first is in charge of automatic or unconscious thoughts, the second in charge of more intentional thoughts.{{Cite book |last=Kahneman |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHvzzuCnuv8C |title=Thinking, Fast and Slow |date=2011-10-25 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-374-27563-1 |language=en}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}} The first system is an example of intuition, and Kahneman believes people overestimate this system, using it as a source of confidence for knowledge they may not truly possess. These systems are connected with two versions of ourselves he calls the remembering self and experiencing self, relating to the creation of memories in "System 1".{{jargon inline|date=August 2023}} Its{{ambiguous|reason=what does "it" refer to, "system 1"? "these systems"? "the first system"?|date=August 2023}} automatic nature occasionally leads people to experience cognitive illusions, assumptions that our intuition gives us and are usually trusted without a second thought.{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

Gerd Gigerenzer described intuition as processes and thoughts that are devoid of typical logic. He described two primary characteristics to intuition: basic rules of thumb (that are heuristic in nature) and "evolved capacities of the brain".{{Cite book |last=Gigerenzer |first=Gerd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZKISEBHvYYC |title=Gut Feelings: The Intelligence of the Unconscious |year=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-670-03863-3 |language=en}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}} The two work in tandem to give people thoughts and abilities that they do not actively think about as they are performed, and of which they cannot explain their formation or effectiveness. He does not believe that intuitions {{clarify|text=actively correlate to|reason=why "actively"? what does it mean for intuitions to "correlate to" knowledge?|date=August 2023}} knowledge; he believes that having too much information makes individuals overthink, and that some intuitions will actively defy known information.{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

Intuition is also seen as a figurative launch pad for logical thinking. Intuition's automatic nature tends to precede more thoughtful logic.{{Cite book |last=Haidt |first=Jonathan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItuzJhbcpMIC |title=The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion |date=2012-03-13 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-90703-5 |language=en}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}} Even when based on moral or subjective standpoints, intuition provides a base—one that people will usually start to back up with logical thinking as a defense or justification rather than starting with a less biased viewpoint. The confidence in {{clarify|text=whether it is an intuition or not comes from how quickly they happen, because they|reason=what are "it" and "they" here?|date=August 2023}} are instantaneous feelings or judgments that we have surprising confidence in.{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

Both Eastern and Western philosophers have studied intuition. The discipline of epistemology deals with the concept.

In the East intuition is mostly intertwined with religion and spirituality, and various meanings exist in different religious texts.{{cite book|last1=Leaman|first1=Oliver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FLuEAgAAQBAJ|title=Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|isbn=0-415-17357-4|location=London|pages=5–40|access-date=23 December 2014}}

In Hinduism, various attempts have been made to interpret how the Vedic and other esoteric texts regard intuition.

For Sri Aurobindo, intuition comes under the realm of knowledge by identity. He describes the human psychological plane (often referred to as {{transliteration|sa|mana}} in Sanskrit) as having two natures: The first being its role in interpreting the external world (parsing sensory information), and the second being its role in generating consciousness. He terms this second nature "knowledge by identity".{{citation |last=Aurobindo |first=Sri |title=The Life Divine |year=2005 |url=http://www.sriaurobindoashram.org/ashram/sriauro/downloadpdf.php?id=36 |location=Pondicherry |publisher=Lotus press |isbn=0-941524-61-2 |access-date=2016-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020004812/http://www.sriaurobindoashram.org/ashram/sriauro/downloadpdf.php?id=36 |archive-date=2017-10-20 |url-status=dead }}

{{rp|68}} Aurobindo finds that, as the result of evolution, the mind has accustomed itself to using certain physiological functions as its means of entering into relations with the material world; when people seek to know about the external world, they default to arriving at truths via their senses. Knowledge by identity, which currently only explains self-awareness, may extend beyond the mind and explain intuitive knowledge.{{r|Aurobindo2005|pp=69–71}}

He says this intuitive knowledge was common to older humans (Vedic) and later was superseded by reason which currently organises our perception, thoughts, and actions and which resulted in a transition from Vedic thought to metaphysical philosophy and later to experimental science. He finds that this process, {{clarify|text=which seems to be decent,|reason=seems to whom? decent how?|date=August 2023}} is actually a circle of progress, as {{clarify|text=a lower faculty is being pushed to take up as much from a higher way of working.|reason=lower/higher how? "take up as much" what? "working" how? "pushed" by whom?|date=August 2023}}{{r|Aurobindo2005|p=75}} He says that when self-awareness in the mind is applied to one's self and to the outer (other) self, this results in luminous self-manifesting identity;{{jargon inline|date=August 2023}} and the reason also converts itself into the form of the self-luminous{{jargon inline|date=August 2023}} intuitional knowledge.{{r|Aurobindo2005|p=72}}{{cite book|last1=Aurobindo|first1=Sri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Ex6cSqqBSwC|title=The synthesis of yoga|publisher=Sri Aurobindo ashram trust|year=1992|isbn=978-0-9415-2465-0|location=Pondicherry|pages=799–800|access-date=26 December 2014}}{{r|Aurobindo2005|p=7}}

Osho believed human consciousness is in a hierarchy from basic animal instincts to intelligence and intuition, and humans being constantly living in that{{ambiguous|reason=which conscious state is "that" one?|date=August 2023}} conscious state often moving between these states depending on their affinity. He suggests that living in the state of intuition is one of the ultimate aims of humanity.{{cite book|last1=osho|first1=Bhagwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyBfk5V5HRkC|title=Intuition: Knowing Beyond Logic|date=April 2007|publisher=osho international foundation|isbn=978-0-312-27567-9|location=New York|pages=10–20|access-date=24 December 2014}}

Advaita vedanta (a school of thought) takes intuition to be an experience through which one can come in contact with and experience Brahman.{{cite book|last1=M. Indich|first1=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ykZjWOiBMoC&q=advaitha+intuition&pg=PA10|title=Consciousness in Advaita Vedanta|publisher=Motilal banarisdas|year=1995|isbn=81-208-1251-4|location=varanasi|pages=8–10|access-date=24 December 2014}}

Buddhism finds intuition to be a faculty in the mind of immediate knowledge. Buddhism {{clarify|text=puts the term intuition beyond the mental process|reason=what does it mean to put a term beyond a process?|date=August 2023}} of conscious thinking, as conscious thought cannot necessarily access subconscious information, or render such information into a communicable form.{{cite web|title=Buddha|author=Ajahn Sumedho|url=https://buddhismnow.com/2013/08/07/buddha-by-ajahn-sumedho/|work=Buddhism now|date=7 August 2013}} In Zen Buddhism various techniques have been developed to help develop one's intuitive capability, such as koans – the resolving of which leads to states of minor enlightenment (satori). In parts of Zen Buddhism intuition is deemed a mental state between the Universal mind and one's individual, discriminating mind.{{multiref2|1={{cite book|last1=Humphreys|first1=Christmas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TlWRAgAAQBAJ&q=intuition+in+buddhism&pg=PT406|title=A Popular Dictionary of Buddhism|date=21 November 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-203-98616-4|location=London|access-date=23 December 2014}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

|2={{cite book|last1=Conners|first1=Shawn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVPUsSW-by0C&q=intuition+in+buddhism&pg=PA81|title=Zen Buddhism – The Path to Enlightenment|publisher=El paso trust|isbn=1-934255-97-1|location=Texas|page=81|access-date=23 December 2014}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} }}

In the West, intuition does not appear as a separate field of study, but the topic features prominently in the works of many philosophers.

Early mentions and definitions of intuition can be traced back to Plato. In his Republic he tries to define intuition as a fundamental capacity of human reason to comprehend the true nature of reality.{{cite web|last=Kemerling|first=Garth|date=12 November 2011|title=Plato: Education and the Value of Justice|url=http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/2h.htm|website=Philosophy Pages}} In his works Meno and Phaedo, he describes intuition as a pre-existing knowledge residing in the "soul of eternity", and as a phenomenon by which one becomes conscious of pre-existing knowledge. He provides an example of mathematical truths, and posits that they are not arrived at by reason. He argues that these truths are accessed using a knowledge already present in a dormant form and accessible to our intuitive capacity. This concept by Plato is also sometimes referred to as anamnesis. The study was later continued by his intellectual successors, the Neoplatonists.{{cite book|last1=Klein|first1=Jacob|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXI2lcrSsxIC|title=A Commentary on Plato's Meno|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1989|isbn=0-226-43959-3|location=Chicago|pages=103–127|access-date=22 December 2014}}

In Islam various scholars have varied interpretations of intuition (often termed as {{transliteration|ar|hadas}}, Arabic: {{lang|ar|حدس}}, "hitting correctly on a mark"), sometimes relating the ability to have intuitive knowledge to prophethood.

Siháb al Din-al Suhrawardi, in his book Philosophy Of Illumination ({{transliteration|ar|ishraq}}), from following influences of Plato, finds that intuition is knowledge acquired through illumination and is mystical in nature; he also suggests mystical contemplation ({{transliteration|ar|mushahada}}) to bring about correct judgment.{{cite book|last1=Lawson|first1=Todd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq9zSbNr8gIC|title=Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy and Mysticism in Muslim Thought|date=23 September 2005|publisher=I.B touris co ltd|isbn=1-85043-470-0|location=London|pages=210–225|access-date=26 December 2014}} Also influenced by Platonic ideas, Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) finds the ability to have intuition is a "prophetic capacity" and he describes intuition as knowledge obtained without intentionally acquiring it. He finds that regular knowledge is based on imitation while intuitive knowledge is based on intellectual certitude.{{cite book|last1=Kalin|first1=Ibrahim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6EGwDLio0QC|title=Knowledge in Later Islamic Philosophy: Mulla Sadra on Existence, Intellect, and Intuition|date=April 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199739585|location=London|pages=155–160|access-date=26 December 2014}}

In his book Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes refers to an "intuition" (from the Latin verb {{lang|la|intueor}}, which means "to see") as a pre-existing knowledge gained through rational reasoning or discovering truth through contemplation. This definition states that "whatever I clearly and distinctly perceive to be true is true";{{multiref2

|1={{cite encyclopedia|title=Descartes' Epistemology|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|chapter-url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/#CaDRuleRoadPerfKnow|chapter=5. C&D Rule and the Road to Perfect Knowledge|year=2019}}

|2={{cite web|title=Descartes' Truth Rule: Clarity and Distinctness|url=https://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/Phil100/descartes.html|access-date=June 11, 2021}} }} this is commonly referred to as rational intuition{{cite book|last1=L. Mursell|first1=James|title=The Philosophical Review|publisher=Duke University Press|series=4|volume=28|location=USA|pages=391–401|chapter=The Function of Intuition in Descartes' Philosophy of Science}} It is a component of a potential logical mistake called the Cartesian circle. Intuition and deduction, says Descartes, are the unique possible sources of knowledge of the human intellect;{{cite journal|first1=Murray|last1=Miles|last2=Nolan|first2=Lawrence|editor1-first=Lawrence|editor1-last=Nolan|title=Deduction|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-descartes-lexicon/deduction/69C8310B58F3DFDEE90316F20FA7A3D0|journal=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|year=2015|pages=183–186|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511894695.075|isbn=9780511894695|s2cid=243420925 |url-access=subscription}} the latter is a "connected sequence of intuitions",{{cite book|last1=Cottingham|first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC|title=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|date=September 25, 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521366960|series=Cambridge Companions to Philosophy|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&pg=PA206 206]|oclc=24698917|access-date=June 11, 2021|authorlink=John Cottingham}} each of which is a priori a self-evident, clear and distinct idea, before it is connected with the other ideas within a logical demonstration.

Hume has a more ambiguous interpretation of intuition. Hume claims intuition is a recognition of relationships (relation of time, place, and causation). He states that "the resemblance" (recognition of relations) "will strike the eye" (which would not require further examination) but goes on to state, "or rather in mind"—attributing intuition to power of mind, contradicting the theory of empiricism.{{multiref2

|1= {{cite book|last1=Hume|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RIusIRd2q8C|title=A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to introduce the experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects|date=May 2009|publisher=The Floating Press|isbn=9781775410676|page=105|access-date=23 December 2014}}

|2={{cite book|last1=A. Johnson|first1=Oliver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fMjhcXhrv48C&q=intuition&pg=PA121|title=The Mind of David Hume: A Companion to Book I of A Treatise of Human Nature|publisher=The Floating Press|year=1995|isbn=0-252-02156-8|page=123|access-date=23 December 2014}} }}

Immanuel Kant’s notion of "intuition" differs considerably from the Cartesian notion. It consists of the basic sensory information provided by the cognitive faculty of sensibility (equivalent to what might loosely be called perception). Kant held that our mind casts all of our external intuitions in the form of space, and all of our internal intuitions (memory, thought) in the form of time.{{Cite web|last=Kant|first=Immanuel|title=Critique of Pure Reason|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=5144&pageno=35|publisher=gutenberg.org|page=35}}

Intuitions are customarily appealed to{{clarify|reason=by whom? by philosophers? or do philosophers claim that this is what people generally do?|date=August 2023}} independently of any particular theory of how intuitions provide evidence for claims. There are divergent accounts of what sort of mental state intuitions are, ranging from mere spontaneous judgment to a special presentation of a necessary truth.{{cite book|first=M.|last=Lynch|chapter=Trusting Intuitions|editor-first1=P.|editor-last1=Greenough|editor-first2=M.|editor-last2=Lynch|title=Truth and Realism|pages=227–238}} Philosophers such as George Bealer have tried to defend appeals to intuition against Quinean doubts about conceptual analysis.{{cite book|first=G.|last=Bealer|chapter=Intuition and The Autonomy of Philosophy|editor-first1=M.|editor-last1=Depaul|editor-first2=W.|editor-last2=Ramsey|title=Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role In Philosophical Inquiry|year=1998|pages=201–239}}

A different challenge to appeals to intuition comes from experimental philosophers, who argue that appeals to intuition must be informed by the methods of social science.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

The metaphilosophical assumption that philosophy ought to depend on intuitions has been challenged by experimental philosophers (e.g., Stephen Stich).{{Cite journal|last1=Mallon|first1=Ron|last2=Machery|first2=Edouard|last3=Nichols|first3=Shaun|last4=Stich|first4=Stephen|date=September 2009|title=Against Arguments from Reference|journal=Philosophy and Phenomenological Research|volume=79|issue=2|pages=332–356|doi=10.1111/j.1933-1592.2009.00281.x|issn=0031-8205}} One of the main problems adduced by experimental philosophers is that intuitions differ, for instance, from one culture to another, and so it seems problematic to cite them as evidence for a philosophical claim.{{Citation|last1=Weinberg|first1=Jonathan M.|title=Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions|date=2012-08-13|work=Collected Papers, Volume 2|pages=159–190|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733477.003.0008|isbn=978-0-19-973347-7|last2=Nichols|first2=Shaun|last3=Stich|first3=Stephen}} Timothy Williamson responded to such objections against philosophical methodology by arguing that intuition plays no special role in philosophy practice, and that skepticism about intuition cannot be meaningfully separated from a general skepticism about judgment. On this view, there are no qualitative differences between the methods of philosophy and common sense, the sciences, or mathematics.{{cite book|last=Williamson|first=Timothy|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YN2KGBgKwOcC&q=intuition|title=The Philosophy of Philosophy|publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780470695913 }}{{page needed|date=August 2023}} Others like Ernest Sosa seek to support intuition by arguing that the objections against intuition merely highlight {{clarify|text=a verbal disagreement|date=August 2023}}.{{Citation|last=Sosa|first=Ernest|title=A Defense of the Use of Intuitions in Philosophy|work=Stich|pages=101–112|year=2009|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1002/9781444308709.ch6|isbn=978-1-4443-0870-9}}

Intuitionism is a position advanced by L. E. J. Brouwer in philosophy of mathematics derived from Kant's claim that all mathematical knowledge is knowledge of the pure forms of the intuition—that is, intuition that is not empirical.

Intuitionistic logic was devised by Arend Heyting to accommodate this position (it has also been adopted by other forms of constructivism). It is characterized by rejecting the law of excluded middle: as a consequence it does not in general accept rules such as double negation elimination and the use of {{lang|la|reductio ad absurdum}} to prove the existence of something.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

In a 2022 Harvard Business Review article, Melody Wilding explored "how to stop overthinking and start trusting your gut", noting that "intuition... is frequently dismissed as mystical or unreliable". She suggested that there is a scientific basis for using intuition and refers to "surveys of top executives [which] show that a majority of leaders leverage feelings and experience when handling crises". However, an earlier Harvard Business Review article ("Don't Trust Your Gut") advises that, although "trust in intuition is understandable... anyone who thinks that intuition is a substitute for reason is indulging in a risky delusion".{{cite journal|last=Bonabeau|first=E.|url=https://hbr.org/2003/05/dont-trust-your-gut|title=Don't Trust Your Gut|journal=HBR Magazine|date=May 2003|volume=81 |issue=5 |pages=116–23, 130 |pmid=12747167 |access-date=21 September 2022}}

Intuition was assessed by a sample of 11 Australian business leaders as a gut feeling based on experience, which they considered useful for making judgments about people, culture, and strategy.

{{cite journal

| last1 = Robson

| first1 = Martin

| last2 = Miller

| first2 = Peter

| title = Australian elite leaders and intuition

| url = https://researchportal.scu.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Australian-elite-leaders-and-intuition/991012820835502368?institution=61SCU_INST

| journal = Australasian Journal of Business and Social Inquiry

| publication-date = 2006

| volume = 4

| issue = 3

| page = 12

| quote = [...] all respondents therefore found intuition as very important to their effectiveness as leaders [...].

| access-date = 13 June 2022

}}

Such an example likens intuition to "gut feelings", which — {{clarify|text=when viable|reason=they only illustrate preconscious activity when they're viable?|date=August 2023}} — illustrate preconscious activity.{{cite journal|first1=Anthony J.|last1=Pinizzotto|first2=Edward F.|last2=Davis|first3=Charles E. III|last3=Miller|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Emotional%2Frational+decision+making+in+law+enforcement-a0114370262|title=Emotional/rational decision making in law enforcement|journal=The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin|date=2004-02-01|quote=Essentially, Goleman and LeDoux feel that people often perceive danger signals and can begin to initiate responses to them before becoming consciously aware of them. This preconscious recognition of danger and how humans can react appropriately to it have been explained by several authors...}}

Intuition Peak in Antarctica is so named "in appreciation of the role of scientific intuition for the advancement of human knowledge".[http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=134566 Intuition Peak.] SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica{{Relevance inline|date=June 2021}}

{{Portal|Philosophy|Psychology}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|

• Artistic inspiration
• Brainstorming
• Clairvoyance
• Déjà vu
• Dual process theory
• Extrasensory perception
• Focusing (psychotherapy)
• Foresight (psychology)
• Inner Relationship Focusing
• Intuition and decision-making
• Intuition pump
• Intelligence analysis#Trained intuition
• List of thought processes
• Luck
• Medical intuitive
• Morphic resonance
• Nous
• Phenomenology (philosophy)
• Precognition
• Serendipity
• Social intuitionism
• Synchronicity
• Tacit knowledge
• Truthiness
• Unconscious mind

}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

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• {{cite book | last=Mayer | first=Elizabeth Lloyd | title=Extraordinary Knowing: Science, Skepticism, and the Inexplicable Powers of the Human Mind | publisher=Bantam | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-553-38223-5}}
• {{cite book |last=Pilard |first=N. |year=2018 |title=Jung and Intuition: On the Centrality and Variety of Forms of Intuition in Jung and Post-Jungians |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-429-91532-1}}
• {{cite book |last=Polanyi |first=M. |year=2009 |title=The Tacit Dimension |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-67298-4}}
• {{cite book | last=Saad | first=Ézéchiel | author-link=Ezechiel Saad | title=Hasard et intuition | date=1991 | isbn=2-85076-438-8 | location=Paris | language=fr}}
• {{cite book |last=Zukav |first=G. |year=1989 |title=The Seat of the Soul |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-25383-7}}

{{refend}}

{{Wikiquote}}

• [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economics/2002/kahneman/lecture/ Nobel prize winner Daniel Kahneman Video on Intuition]
• [https://assets.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/kahnemann-lecture.pdf Nobel prize winner Daniel Kahneman PDF on Intuition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221755/https://assets.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/kahnemann-lecture.pdf |date=2018-09-07 }}
• [https://www.askphilosophers.org/question/1533 Ask Philosophers: Question on Intuition and Rationality]
• [https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/hpli20/21/4 A special issue of the journal Psychological Inquiry dedicated to the topic of intuition]

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