Iris croatica
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Iris croatica Botanicki vrt 1 080509.jpg
| genus = Iris
| display_parents = 2
| parent = Iris sect. Iris
| species = croatica
| authority = I.Horvat & M.D.Horvat
}}
Iris croatica is a bearded rhizomatous species of iris (subgenus Iris) endemic to Croatia.
Description
It has branched stems and dark violet flowers. Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.{{cite book | first=Claire | last=Austin | title=Irises A Garden Encyclopedia | publisher= Timber Press, Incorporated | isbn = 978-0881927306 | year = 2005 }}{{rp|17}} The standards are slightly paler than the falls, they have white veining on the throat. It has a beard which is whitish yellow, and the spathes are slightly tinged with red-violet, like those of Iris aphylla.
=Genetics =
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.{{rp|18}} It was counted as 4n=48 (making it a tetraploid).{{cite web |last1=Kramb |first1=D. |title=Iris croatica |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-croatica |date=5 September 2004 |publisher=signa.org |access-date=28 February 2018}}
Taxonomy
It was described in 1962 by botanists Ivo and Marija Horvat,{{cite journal | first1 = Ivo | last1 = Horvat | first2 = Marija | last2 = Horvat | year = 1961–1962 | title = Iris croatica – nova vrsta perunike u Hrvatskoj | journal = Acta Botanica Croatica | volume = 20/21 | pages = 7–20 | publisher = Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb | location = Zagreb | issn = 0365-0588 |language=hr |trans-title=Iris croatica — A New Species of Iris from Croatia}} in 'Acta Bot. Croatica', Issue 20–21 on page 8.{{cite web|last1=Pries|first1=Bob|title=(SPEC) Iris croatica Horvat|url=http://wiki.irises.org/Spec/SpecCroatica|website=15 September 2016|publisher=American Iris Society|access-date=28 February 2018}}{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438516-1|publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index)|access-date=28 February 2018}} Then in 1981, Brian Mathew in his book 'The iris', reclassified it a synonym of Iris germanica.{{cite web|title=Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat is a synonym of Iris × germanica L.|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321730|publisher=plantlist.org|access-date=28 February 2018}}T. K. Lim {{google books|4WMCwAAQBAJ|Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 11 Modified Stems, Roots ... |page=27}}
Distribution and habitat
=Range=
It is found in Croatia and Slovenia.
It grows mostly in the woods of downy oak (Quercus pubescens) and black hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) on dolomite and limestone soils.{{cite journal | url = http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=50903&lang=en | language = hr | first1 = Dinko | last1 = Zima | first2 = Mirko | last2 = Tomašević | title = Locality of the species Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat, M. in Požega Valley | journal = Agronomy Journal | volume = 70 | number = 5 |date=January 2009 | page = 513 | issn = 0002-1954 | publisher = Croatian society of agronomists | location = Zagreb, Croatia | access-date = 2012-06-06}} It is known from hilly parts of continental Croatia including the hills of Samoborsko gorje (near Samobor), the hill Cesargradska gora (near Klanjec), near Josipdol, on the hill of Strahinjčica (near Radoboj), and at Zagrebačko gorje and Žumberačko gorje.
It is on the Croatian list of strictly protected plants, among nine Iridaceae species.{{cite journal | url = http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/312546.html | language = hr | journal = Narodne novine | issue = 4/100 | date = 2004-07-20 | author = Ministry of Culture (Croatia) | title = Pravilnik o skupljanju samoniklih biljaka u svrhu prerade, trgovine i drugog prometa | access-date = 2012-06-06| author-link = Ministry of Culture (Croatia) }}
It is unofficially known as the national flower of Croatia.James Minahan {{google books|jfrWCQAAQBAJ|The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems (2 Volumes)|page=364}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Iris croatica}}
- [https://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd/DetaljiFrame.aspx?IdVrste=5422 Iris croatica] Flora Croatica Database
{{Iris subg. Iris}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6070345}}
Category:Endemic flora of Croatia