Iron Widow

In March 2020, Xiran Jay Zhao signed a two-book deal with Penguin Teen Canada{{Cite web |date=16 March 2020 |title=Rights Report: Week of March 16, 2020 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/82714-rights-report-week-of-march-16-2020.html |website=Publishers Weekly |accessdate=24 October 2021}} for a reimagining of the rise of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor of China who ruled during the late 600s.{{Cite web|date=2021-09-19|title=Q&A: Xiran Jay Zhao, Author of 'Iron Widow'|url=https://thenerddaily.com/xiran-jay-zhao-author-interview/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=The Nerd Daily|language=en-AU}}{{Cite web|date=2021-09-07|title=Xiran Jay Zhao Dismantles Patriarchy in Brutally Honest Debut|url=https://spacebetweenpages.com/iron-widow-xiran-jay-zhao-book-review/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Space Between the Pages|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=skye|date=2021-10-19|title=Our Friend is Here! An Interview with Xiran Jay Zhao, Author of Iron Widow – On Their Author Journey So Far, Reimagining Historical Characters, & Upcoming Project Hype|url=https://thequietpond.com/2021/10/20/our-friend-is-here-an-interview-with-xiran-jay-zhao-author-of-iron-widow-on-their-author-journey-so-far-reimagining-historical-characters-upcoming-project-hype/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=The Quiet Pond|language=en}} Rock the Boat, the children's imprint of Oneworld Publications, acquired the UK rights in May 2021.{{Cite web |date=7 May 2021 |title=Rock the Boat signs Chinese-inspired YA SF, Iron Widow by Xiran Jay Zhao |url=https://oneworld-publications.com/blog/cat/news/post/iron-widow-acquisition/ |website=Oneworld Publications |accessdate=24 October 2021}} Iron Widow, Zhao's debut novel, was released on September 21, 2021.{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2021 |title=A Girl Prepares Her Brows for Battle in This Excerpt From Iron Widow |url=https://gizmodo.com/a-girl-prepares-her-brows-for-battle-in-this-excerpt-fr-1847362266 |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Gizmodo |language=en-us}}{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=The Mary Sue Book Club, September 2021: Romance, Magical Realism, and More |url=https://www.themarysue.com/september-book-releases/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=The Mary Sue |language=en}}

In an interview with Publishers Weekly, Zhao stated that "there's no other woman in Chinese history who had a rise through the harem as iconic as hers... It's been incredibly fun to reimagine her as instead a teenage peasant girl in an intensely misogynistic world who suddenly gains access to giant fighter mechas—how would she change her world?"{{Cite web|last=Nawotka|first=Ed|title=Publishing in Canada 2021: Novelist Xiran Jay Zhao on Blending SciFi and Chinese History|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-book-news/article/87430-publishing-in-canada-2021-novelist-xiran-jay-zhao-on-blending-scifi-and-chinese-history.html|access-date=2021-11-03|website=PublishersWeekly.com|language=en}} Numerous anime shows, such as Neon Genesis Evangelion, Digimon, and Attack on Titan served as inspiration for Iron Widow. In particular, Zhao in a Twitter thread said the story was written partly in response to their disappointment in the direction DARLING in the FRANXX took in its later episodes.{{Cite web |last=Morrissy|first=Kim|date=2022-06-06 |title=How DARLING in the FRANXX Inspired a New York Times Bestselling YA Novel |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2022-06-06/how-darling-in-the-franxx-inspired-a-new-york-times-bestselling-ya-novel/.185996 |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}

The nation of Huaxia, a futuristic reimagining of Medieval China, is constantly under attack by alien creatures (Hunduns). Aided by mysterious and unseen gods (the Heavenly Council), humanity has recovered from a devastating attack ages ago that forced civilization to rebuild. Humans have learned to harvest the bodies of defeated Hunduns to create giant fighting mechas, called Chrysalises.

Chrysalises are piloted by young men with high levels of spirit pressure who can release their qi, following the five classical Asian elements. Treated like celebrities by the media and adoring public, male pilots rely on "concubines", female pilots who supply them with additional qi at the cost of their own lives. Male-female pairings that don't risk the concubine's death are called Balanced Matches, but are rare and treated as celebrity marriages. The strongest male pilot in history was the legendary emperor Qin Zheng, rumored to be frozen in stasis within his Chrysalis, the Yellow Dragon, to stave off an illness until a cure could be found. The Hunduns have controlled the place where the Yellow Dragon is for centuries.

Wu Zetian enlists as a concubine to avenge her older sister, who died after having enlisted but meeting her unexplained death before she ever got to co-pilot a Chrysalis. She resents her uncaring family, who only value their daughters for the money their deaths as concubines will fetch them. Despite being in love with a wealthy childhood friend, Gao Yizhi, she resolves to avenge her sister even if it will likely mean her death. Zetian successfully arranges to be paired with her sister's co-pilot, Yang Guang. While piloting, Zetian sees his memories of the many girls he's abused. Zetian overwhelms and kills him. Her survival has her branded a dangerous and rare "Iron Widow". Her spirit pressure now registers at extraordinarily high levels. Feared, but conscripted, she resolves to destroy the Chrysalis system and its reliance on the sacrifice of female pilots.

To keep her under control, the army pairs her with their strongest male pilot: the conscripted criminal Li Shimin. She and Shimin are a Balanced Match, and their mental bond causes them to learn more about each other. Zetian discovers that Shimin is actually a gentle artist who murdered his family for gang raping a young woman and that the army forced his alcohol addiction to control him. Though their relationship starts as a show for the public, the two fall in love. When they are relocated to the capitol, Yizhi pulls strings to be able to assist their training, in an effort to keep Zetian alive. Yizhi helps Shimin break his addiction, and Zetian and Yizhi secretly rekindle their love. Yizhi, Shimin, and Zetian secretly enter a polyamorous relationship.

After a heavily televised battle where Yizhi gives his qi to help them defeat a massive Hundun, Yizhi joins them in the Chrysalis. The three suspect that the Chrysalis system is biased toward the survival of the male pilots. Shimin and Zetian torture a high-ranking official, who confesses that girls are just as likely to have strong spirit pressure as boys, but the system is rigged to ensure the survival of the male pilot.

During a counterattack in the lost territory, another Chrysalis attempts to kill them under secret orders from the government. Shimin ejects Zetian and Yizhi from the cockpit and pilots the Chrysalis alone, the strain of which kills him. Zetian desperately seeks out the rumored location of the Emperor Qin Zheng with the aid of nomads in the lost territory. She awakens Zheng from stasis and offers to cure his illness in exchange for piloting his Yellow Dragon, after which she easily defeats the Hunduns and the treacherous Chrysalis pilots. She then turns on the army and capitol, razing its central command tower, and exposing the truth of the co-pilot system to the media. Zetian establishes herself as the new ruler of Huaxia, "Empress Wu", and together with Yizhi, forces the surviving military and political powers to submit.

Zetian attempts to retrieve Shimin's body, but the Heavenly Council has taken it. A secret government document reveals that Huaxia is not on Earth, but actually a colony on another planet. The Hunduns are the native species, defending themselves from invading humans. Before Zetian can share this horrifying information with the public, the Heavenly Council advise her that if she serves them, they will revive Shimin.

• Wu Zetian: a peasant girl who becomes the titular "Iron Widow" and co-pilot for the Vermilion Bird Chrysalis. She seeks to topple the sexist society of Huaxia after her sister is sacrificed as a pilot.
• Li Shimin: the "Iron Demon", Wu Zetian's half-Rongdi co-pilot for the Vermilion Bird, a former death row inmate who was spared for having the strongest qi in the history of modern Huaxia. He is an alcoholic and has a tendency to lash out to express his anger, however he has a gentler and sensitive side underneath.
• Gao Yizhi: Zetian and Shimin's love interest, the gentle and elegant fifth son of the biggest media mogul in Huaxia who forms polyamorous relationships with Zetian and Shimin and works to keep them alive against political forces that would have them disposed of. He is a composite character inspired by several lovers of the historic Empress Wu.{{Cite web |title=Characters – Xiran Jay Zhao |url=http://xiranjayzhao.com/index.php/iron-widow-characters/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |language=en-US}}
• Gao Qiu: The richest media mogul in Huaxia and a corrupt businessman with underground ties to spread his influence. Initially dismissive, he eventually agrees to exclusive and lucrative media contracts to support Zetian and Shimin's public image.
• Sima Yi: A senior strategist and Zetian and Shimin's reluctant handler and trainer.
• An Lushan: Chief strategist for the Sui-Tang frontier. He treacherously seeks to remove Zetian and Shimin from battle by sending them on suicide missions and is later interrogated by the two for his knowledge of the Chrysalis pilot system.
• Dugu Qieluo & Yang Jian: The female and male pilots, respectively, of the White Tiger Chrysalis. Qieluo is cold and hostile toward Zetian's attempts at friendship.
• Ma Xiuying & Zhu Yuanzhang: The female and male pilots, respectively, of the Black Tortoise Chrysalis. Xiuying is initially friendly toward Zetian, offering advice, while Yuanzhang is openly hostile toward Shimin and Qieluo for their Rongdi heritage.
• Emperor Qin Zheng: A legendary ruler of Huaxia and pilot of the Emperor-class Chrysalis the Yellow Dragon. Qin Zheng's spirit pressure is unmatched beyond any pilot in existence. He contracted a disease called flower pox and used the natural qi of the Kunlun Mountains to suspend himself in stasis until a cure could be found. Rumors say he remains there still, but the territory surrounding him has been lost to the Hunduns for over 200 years.
• Yang Guang: the male pilot of the Nine-Tailed Fox Chrysalis, and the target of Wu Zetian's revenge for murdering her sister.
• The Heavenly Council: The mysterious and unseen gods who aid Huaxia. They have never been seen in person or recorded, but they provided humanity with the lost technology to rebuild society after the Hunduns destroyed civilization. Defeated Hundun husks are harvested and given as offerings to the Heavenly Council or reshaped into Chrysalises. The ruling Sages take their orders from the Heavenly Council.

Jessica Singer, for CBC News in August 2021, highlighted the impact of BookTok on sales of young adult fiction. Singer wrote that "books like Iron Widow by Canadian author Xiran Jay Zhao are already gaining popularity online, even before the book's release date in late September".{{Cite news |last=Singer |first=Jessica |date=August 29, 2021 |title=BookTok's novel approach to books is helping Canadian authors, retailers attract new audiences |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/booktok-tiktok-canadian-authors-retailers-1.6154331 |access-date=May 11, 2022}} Kara Savoy, Penguin Random House Canada's integrated marketing director, told Singer that "it's one of the books that we've really been sending out to Canadian influencers. When Xiran did an unboxing video of their advanced copies a few weeks ago [on TikTok], the pre-sale numbers in the U.S. went up 600 per cent that week". Iron Widow reached #1 in the Young Adult Hardcover category of New York Times Best Sellers in the first week after its release.{{cite news|title=Young Adult Hardcover Books - Best Sellers - Books - Oct. 10, 2021 - The New York Times|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2021/10/10/young-adult-hardcover/|access-date=2021-11-03|issn=0362-4331}} The week of January 2, 2022, the book had slipped to #5 and had been on the New York Times Best Sellers for eleven weeks.{{Cite news |title=Best Sellers - Books - Jan. 2, 2022 - The New York Times |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2022/01/02/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |issn=0362-4331}} {{As of|2022|05}}, the book has remained on the New York Times Best Sellers for 28 weeks.{{Cite news |title=Young Adult Hardcover Books - Best Sellers - Books - The New York Times |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/young-adult-hardcover/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |issn=0362-4331}}

The book received generally positive reviews, with commentators noting the queer and feminist themes. Linda Codega of Tor.com stated that the "worldbuilding is imaginative and explosive, the strange mix of mecha battles and reimagined characters lighting up the fight scenes and adding a new mythology to historical fantasy" but that the book didn't go "far enough to examine the underlying misogyny and transphobia" the characters faced from the oppressive society.{{Cite web|last=Codega|first=Linda H.|date=2021-09-22|title=Historical Fantasy at Its Most Anime: Iron Widow by Xiran Jay Zhao|url=https://www.tor.com/2021/09/22/book-reviews-iron-widow-by-xiran-jay-zhao/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=Tor.com|language=en-US}} Mimi Koehler of The Nerd Daily, however, found the book "takes a deep dive into the unrelenting and unfair gender roles Wu Zetian's society tries to uphold at any cost and how that not only affects how people treat her but how she, in par, treats others," comparing it to Pacific Rim and The Handmaid's Tale.{{Cite web|last=Koehler|first=Mimi|date=2021-09-13|title=Review: Iron Widow by Xiran Jay Zhao|url=https://thenerddaily.com/review-iron-widow-by-xiran-jay-zhao/|access-date=2021-11-03|website=The Nerd Daily|language=en-AU}}

The book was listed on multiple end-of-year roundups. The Boston Globe included Iron Widow on their "Best Books of 2021" list and stated that the book is an "intense, feminist page-turner".{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=The Best Books of 2021 |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/arts/graphics/2021/12/best-of-2021-books/ |access-date=2023-02-07|website=The Boston Globe |language=en }} CBC Books included it on their "The best Canadian middle-grade and YA books of 2021" list.{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2021 |title=The best Canadian middle-grade and YA books of 2021 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-best-canadian-middle-grade-and-ya-books-of-2021-1.6293552 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=CBC Books}} Business Insider highlighted that the Iron Widow is on "The 20 most popular young adult reads of 2021" list based on Goodreads reviewers.{{Cite web |last=Fiorillo |first=Katherine |date=December 21, 2021 |title=The 20 best young adult books of 2021, according to Goodreads reviewers |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/learning/best-young-adult-books-2021-goodreads |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}

Zhao initially announced that the sequel, titled Heavenly Tyrant, would be released in Spring 2023.{{cite tweet|number=1505356626173124616|user=XiranJayZhao|title='The false ruler Lady Wu has an unpleasant personality and a lowly birthright. She has the heart of a snake or lizard and the nature of a wolf. She is hated by both men and gods, and heaven and earth cannot allow her to exist.' Iron Widow 2: HEAVENLY TYRANT. Coming Spring 2023.|first=Xiran Jay|last=Zhao|date=19 March 2022|access-date=13 April 2022|language=en}} However, they later announced that the release would be delayed to April 30, 2024,{{cite tweet|number=1634335996824399872|user=XiranJayZhao|title=This isn't an announcement I wanted to make, but Heavenly Tyrant isn't coming out this year. Trust me, you don't want it the way it is right now. I am unwilling to put out a rushed sequel for the sake of quicker capitalist profits, so its new release date is APRIL 30, 2024 1/? [IMAGE]|first=Xiran Jay|last=Zhao|date=10 March 2023|access-date=10 March 2023|language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Ulatowski |first=Rachel |date=March 17, 2023 |title=Publishing's Unlivable Wages Delayed a Highly Anticipated Sequel From a Bestselling Author |url=https://www.themarysue.com/xiran-jay-zhaos-iron-widow-sequel-heavenly-tyrant-delayed-by-low-pay/ |access-date=March 17, 2023 |website=The Mary Sue |language=en}} and it changed once more to December 24, 2024.{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Heavenly Tyrant |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/heavenly-tyrant-xiran-jay-zhao/1142553219?ean=9780735269989 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Barnes & Noble |language=en}} They earlier hinted on their Tumblr blog that the novel "will be a partial Three Kingdoms retelling".{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-02-22 |title=Xiran Jay Zhao |url=https://xiranjayzhao.tumblr.com/post/676939532449529856/oh-but-just-wait-for-book-2-where-its-about-to |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=tumblr.com}}

In September 2022, Picturestart optioned the film rights to Iron Widow. It was announced that J.C. Lee was hired to write the screenplay and that the film will be produced by Erik Feig, Jessica Switch and Julia Hammer.{{Cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Matt |date=2022-09-22 |title=Picturestart Nabs YA Bestseller 'Iron Widow' for Film Franchise (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/iron-widow-xiran-jay-zhao-movies-picturestart-1235380685/ |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Hit Sci-Fi Novel Iron Widow Is Becoming a Movie |url=https://gizmodo.com/sci-fi-ya-book-iron-widow-becoming-movie-xiran-jay-zhao-1849570503 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Gizmodo |language=en-us}}

{{reflist}}

Category:2021 Canadian novels

Category:2021 science fiction novels

Category:Asian-Canadian literature

Category:Canadian LGBTQ novels

Category:Canadian young adult novels

Category:LGBTQ-related young adult novels

Category:LGBTQ speculative fiction novels

Category:Mecha in literature

Category:Penguin Books books

Category:2021 LGBTQ-related literary works