Iron oxide red#Indian red

The anhydrous pigment has a dark purple-red or maroon color, hydrates' colors vary from dull yellow (yellow ochre) to warm red.{{sfn|Gettens|Stout|1966b}}

The iron oxide red is extremely stable: it is not affected by light and most chemicals (soluble in hot concentrated acids); heat only affects the hydrated variants (the water is removed, and the color darkens).{{sfn|Gettens|Stout|1966b}}

{{infobox color

|title=Indian Red

|hex=CD5C5C

|source=X11

|isccname=Moderate red}}

Indian red is a pigment, a variety of ocher, which gets its colour from ferric oxide, used to be sourced in India,{{cite book |last= Church |first= Arthur Herbert |author-link= Arthur Herbert Church |title= The Chemistry of Paints and Painting |language= en |date= 1915 |publisher= Seeley, Service & Co. |publication-place= London |edition= 4th |url= https://archive.org/details/chemistryofpaint00churuoft |ol= 7214282M |oclc= 1041775719 |pages= 202–203}} now made artificially.{{sfn|Gettens|Stout|1966a}} ⁸

Chestnut is a colour similar to but separate and distinct from Indian red.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

The name Indian red derives from this pigment being originally imported from India,{{sfn|Gettens|Stout|1966a}} where red laterite soil is found, composed of naturally occurring iron oxides.{{citation needed|date=September 2015|reason=Inference from the name and historic source of the pigment?}} The first recorded use of Indian red as a color term in English was in 1672.{{cite web|title= Indian, adj. and n. : Oxford English Dictionary |url= https://oed.com/view/Entry/94389 |access-date= 4 July 2020}}

{{infobox color

|title=Deep Indian Red

|hex=B94E48

|source=Crayola

|isccname=Dark reddish orange}}

Deep Indian red is the colour originally called Indian red from its formulation in 1903 until 1999, but now called chestnut, in Crayola crayons. This colour was also produced in a special limited edition in which it was called Vermont maple syrup.

At the request of educators worried that children (mistakenly; see Etymology) believed the name represented the skin color of Native Americans, Crayola changed the name of their crayon color Indian Red to Chestnut in 1999.[http://www.crayola.com/colorcensus/history/chronology.cfm Crayon Chronology]

Railroads/Railways

• The Talyllyn Railway painted their locomotives Talyllyn and Dolgoch Indian Red in honour of the 150th anniversary of the line in 2015.{{Cite news|date=2015-01-08|title=Steam trains secret 150th paint job|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-north-west-wales-30719626|access-date=2020-06-07}}File:Furness Railway No 20.jpg
• The Furness Railway in the UK used Indian Red for its locomotive livery.
• The Department of Railways New South Wales, Public Transport Commission and the State Rail Authority painted their diesel locos and passengers cars in Indian red.

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{{Main|Venetian red}}

{{infobox color

|title=Venetian Red

|hex=C80815

|source=halfords.com[http://www.halfords.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/product_storeId_10001_catalogId_10151_productId_170004_langId_-1_CarSelectorCatalogId__CarSelectorGroupId__varient__categoryId_34000_crumb_33958-31329_parentcategoryrn_34000 Internet]

|isccname=Vivid red}}

At right is displayed the colour Venetian red.

Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of scarlet, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) of the hematite type. Modern versions are frequently made with synthetic red iron oxide.

The first recorded use of Venetian red as a colour name in English was in 1753.Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 201; Color sample of Venetian red: p. 35 Plate 6 color sample I12

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{{infobox color

|title=English Red

|hex=AB4E52

|source=ISCC-NBS{{Cite web|url=http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-e.htm|title=Retsof online version of ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names - Ea through Ez|date=November 22, 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122220724/http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-e.htm |archive-date=22 November 2012 }}

|isccname=Moderate red}}

At right is displayed the colour English red.

This red is a tone of Indian red, made like Indian red with pigment made from iron oxide.

The first recorded use of English red as a color name in English was in the 1700s (exact year uncertain).Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 194; Color sample of English red: p. 31 Plate 4 color sample H12 In the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot in 1765, alternate names for Indian red included "what one also calls, however improperly, English Red."Jaucourt, Louis, chevalier de. "Indian Red." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Abigail Wendler Bainbridge. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2015, . Trans. of "Rouge d'Inde," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 14. Paris, 1765.

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{{infobox color

|title=Kobe

|hex=882D17

|source=ISCC-NBS{{Cite web|url=http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-r.htm|title=Retsof online version of ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names - Ra through Rz|date=November 22, 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122220647/http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-r.htm |archive-date=22 November 2012 }}

|isccname=Strong reddish brown}}

At right is displayed color kobe.

The color kobe is a dark tone of Indian red, made like Indian red from iron oxide pigment.

The first recorded use of Kobe as a colour name in English was in 1924.Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 197; Color sample of Kobe: p. 35 Plate 6 color sample K12

The normalized colour coordinates for Kobe are identical to sienna, first recorded as a color name in English in 1760.Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 204; Color Sample of Sienna: p. 37 Plate 7 Color Sample E12

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{{Wiktionary|Indian red}}

• Chestnut (color)
• Rust (color)
• List of colors

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book | first1 = R. J. | last1 = Gettens | first2 = G. L. | last2 = Stout | date = 1966a | title = Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia | publisher = Courier Corporation | page = 119 | isbn = 978-0-486-14242-5 | oclc = 868969354 | chapter = Indian Red | url = }}
• {{cite book | first1 = R. J. | last1 = Gettens | first2 = G. L. | last2 = Stout | date = 1966b | title = Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia | publisher = Courier Corporation | page = 122 | isbn = 978-0-486-14242-5 | oclc = 868969354 | chapter = Iron Oxide Red | url = }}

{{shades of red}}

{{shades of brown}}

{{Color topics}}

Category:Iron oxide pigments

Category:Shades of red

Category:Shades of brown

Category:Culture of India