Iryna Farion
{{Short description|Ukrainian linguist and politician (1964–2024)|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Family name hatnote|Dmytrivna|Farion|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Iryna Farion
| native_name = {{nobold|Ірина Фаріон}}
| native_name_lang = uk
| image = Кандидат філологічних наук Ірина Фаріон (2).jpg
| caption = Farion in 2015
| office = People's Deputy of Ukraine
| term_start = 12 December 2012[http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/60928 You Scratch My Back, and I'll Scratch Yours] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012064511/http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/60928 |date=12 October 2012 }}, The Ukrainian Week (26 September 2012)
| term_end = 27 November 2014[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/583500/ CEC registers 357 newly elected deputies of 422] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204164227/http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/583500/ |date=4 December 2014 }}, National Radio Company of Ukraine (25 November 2014)
[http://www.unian.info/politics/1014078-parliament-to-form-leadership-and-coalition-on-november-27.html Parliament to form leadership and coalition on November 27] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201074303/http://www.unian.info/politics/1014078-parliament-to-form-leadership-and-coalition-on-november-27.html |date=1 December 2014 }}, UNIAN (26 November 2014)
| predecessor = Constituency established
| successor = Iryna Podoliak
| constituency = Lviv Oblast, No. 116
| birth_date = {{birth date|1964|4|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = Lviv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|7|19|1964|4|29|df=y}}
| death_place = Lviv, Ukraine
| death_cause = Assassination by gunshot
| alma_mater = Lviv University
| occupation = {{nobr|Professor, politician, philologist}}
| party = Svoboda
| children = 1
| awards = {{plainlist|
- Oleksa Hirnyk Prize
- Borys Hrinchenko Prize}}
| website = {{official website|http://www.farion.info}}
}}
Iryna Dmytrivna Farion ({{langx|uk|Ірина Дмитрівна Фаріон}}, {{IPA|uk|iˈrɪnɐ ˈdmɪtrʲiu̯nɐ fɐrʲiˈɔn|pron}}; 29 April 1964 – 19 July 2024) was a Ukrainian linguist and nationalist politician who served as a deputy in the Verkhovna Rada from 2012 to 2014 as a member of Svoboda.{{cite news |title=Controversial ex-MP fired from her university post |url=https://kyivindependent.com/controversial-ex-mp-fired-from-her-university-post/ |work=The Kyiv Independent |date=15 November 2023 |language=en |access-date=19 July 2024 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315141457/https://kyivindependent.com/controversial-ex-mp-fired-from-her-university-post/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Gunman wounds nationalist former parliamentarian in Ukraine's Lviv |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/gunman-wounds-nationalist-former-parliamentarian-ukraines-lviv-2024-07-19/ |publisher=Reuters |last1=Popeski |first1=Ron |last2=Kozhukhar |first2=Olexander |date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 July 2024}} She was a professor at the Department of Ukrainian Language at Lviv Polytechnic's Institute of Humanitarian and Social Sciences.{{cite web |url=https://suspilne.media/618117-irinu-farion-zvilnili-z-lvivskoi-politehniki/ |title=Ірину Фаріон звільнили з "Львівської політехніки": що відомо |date=15 November 2023 |publisher=Suspilne |lang=uk}}
She was known for her campaigns to promote the Ukrainian heritage language learning as a part of decolonisation,{{Cite book |last1=Микитюк |first1=Оксана Романівна |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqOjzQEACAAJ |title=Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна: доктор філологічних наук, професор : біобібліографічний показник |last2=Харчук |first2=Лілія Валеріївна |last3=Ментинська |first3=Ірина Богданівна |date=2019 |publisher=Vydavnyctvo Lʹvivsʹkoï politechniky |isbn=978-966-941-319-2 |pages=6–10 |language=uk}}{{Cite news |title="Загинула за українську мову в Україні": спогади колег та львів'ян про Ірину Фаріон |url=https://suspilne.media/lviv/795007-zaginula-za-ukrainsku-movu-v-ukraini-spogadi-koleg-ta-lvivan-pro-irinu-farion/ |work=Суспільне Мовлення}} and for her vocal criticism of Ukrainians who spoke Russian.{{cite news |last1=Méheut |first1=Constant |title=Divisive Far-Right Politician in Ukraine Is Fatally Shot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/20/world/europe/ukraine-iryna-farion-shot.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240720120736/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/20/world/europe/ukraine-iryna-farion-shot.html |archive-date=20 July 2024 |quote=A gunman shot and killed a far-right Ukrainian politician who stirred controversy with campaigns to promote the Ukrainian language and discredit Russian-speaking compatriots, the authorities say.}}
Farion was assassinated outside of her home on 19 July 2024.
Early life and education
Iryna Dmytrivna Farion was born 29 April 1964 in Lviv. Her mother was a teacher and her father was a plumber.{{cite news |last1=Kobzar |first1=Yuri |title=От КПСС до радикального национализма: какой была Ирина Фарион |url=https://www.unian.net/society/ot-kpss-do-radikalnogo-nacionalizma-kakoy-byla-irina-farion-12702345.html |trans-title=From the Communist Party to radical nationalism: who was Iryna Farion |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=UNIAN |date=20 July 2024 |language=ru}}
Farion graduated from the philology department of Lviv University in 1987. Until 1991, she was head of the center of Ukrainian studies at Lviv University. In 1996, she defended her doctoral thesis in philology at Lviv University.{{efn|Candidate of Sciences.}}{{Cite web |title=Фаріон, Ірина Дмитрівна in library catalog |url=http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EC&P21DBN=EC&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=fullwebr&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=A=&S21COLORTERMS=1&S21STR=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%20%D0%86$ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318025704/http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EC&P21DBN=EC&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=fullwebr&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=A=&S21COLORTERMS=1&S21STR=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%20%D0%86$ |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=19 July 2024}}
Academic career
Farion has been noted by Ukrainian academics for her efforts to promote the use of the Ukrainian language. Among her scientific works are at least four monographs and 200 articles.{{cite news |last=Kopytko |first=Vasilina |title=Кто такая Ирина Фарион: от коммунистки 80-х до националистки и борца за украинский язык |trans-title=Who is Iryna Farion: from a communist of the 80s to a nationalist and fighter for the Ukrainian language |url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/hto-taka-irina-farion-use-shcho-treba-znati-1721416452.html |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=RBC-Ukraine |date=19 July 2024 |language=ru |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064520/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/hto-taka-irina-farion-use-shcho-treba-znati-1721416452.html |url-status=live }} From 1990 to 1995 Farion worked as an hourly teacher at the Department of Languages of the Lviv State Institute of Applied Arts (now the Lviv National Academy of Arts), where she taught Ukrainian as a foreign language, language culture, and Ukrainian literature from the 11th to the 20th centuries. Then, in 1998 – 2004, Farion headed the language commission of Prosvita. From 1998, she initiated and organized the annual student competition "Language is a foundation of your life" ({{langx|uk|Мова – твого життя основа|translit=Mova – tvoho zhyttya osnova}}). In 2004, she received the Oleksa Hirnyk Literature Award.{{cite news |title=ЛАУРЕАТИ ПРЕМІЇ ІМЕНІ ОЛЕКСИ ГІРНИКА ЗА 2004 РІК |url=http://svitlytsia.crimea.ua/?section=article&artID=2867 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Crimean chamber |date=28 January 2005 |language=uk |trans-title=Laureates of the Oleksa Hirnyk Award for 2004 |archive-date=2 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302204742/http://svitlytsia.crimea.ua/?section=article&artID=2867 |url-status=live }} From 1990 to 1995 she taught Ukrainian literature and Ukrainian at the Lviv National Academy of Arts. She defended her higher doctoral dissertation in 2015.{{efn|Doctor of Sciences.}} Farion was awarded numerous awards for her academic and educational activities, including the All-Ukrainian Borys Grinchenko Prize.
Farion wrote about the present state and oppression of the Ukrainian language, her most significant work being Language Norm: Destruction, Search, Restoration (Culture of Speech of Public Figures),{{cite book| author = І. Д. Фаріон | chapter = | chapter-url = | format = | url = https://opac.lviv.ua/bib/581658 | title = Мовна норма: знищення, пошук, віднова (культура мовлення публічних людей): монографія | orig-year = | agency = | edition = 3-тє вид., доповн |location= Івано-Франківськ |date = 2013 |publisher= Місто НВ |isbn=978-966-428-290-8}} a monograph that had three editions, dedicated to the evolution of language norms and the reasons for the distortion of the Ukrainian language norm in the 20th century.
Farion also wrote extensively about the history of the Ukrainian language, one of her main works being The Social Status of the Old Ukrainian (Russian) Language in the 14th-17th Centuries: Linguistic Consciousness, Linguistic Reality, Linguistic Perspective, where she rehabilitated the term Old Ukrainian language and argued that the mission of the language is to create a nation and a state.{{cite book| author = І. Д. Фаріон | chapter = | chapter-url = | format = | url = https://catalog.lounb.org.ua/bib/410821 | title = Суспільний статус староукраїнської (руської) мови у XIV-XVII століттях: мовна свідомість, мовна дійсність, мовна перспектива: монографія | orig-year = | agency = | edition = 2-ге вид., випр |location= Львів |date = 2018 |publisher= Вид-во Львівської політехніки |isbn=978-966-941-139-6}}{{Cite journal |last=Масенко |first=Л. |date=2015 |title=Нове дослідження з діахронної соціолінгвістики (Фаріон І. Суспільний статус староукраїнської (руської) мови у XIV—ХVII ст.: мовна свідомість, мовна дійсність, мовна перспектива. — Львів: Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015. — 656 с.) |url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=Ukrm_2015_2_17 |journal=Українська мова |issue=2 |pages=153–157 |issn=1682-3540}}{{Cite journal |last=Білоусенко |first=П. І. |date=2015 |title=Рецензія на монографію кандидата філологічних наук, доцента кафедри української мови національного університету Львівська політехніка Фаріон Ірини Дмитрівни Суспільний статус староукраїнської (руської) мови у ХІV–ХVІІ століттях: Мовна свідомість, мовна дійсність, мовна перспектива (Львів : видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) |url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=Vznu_fi_2015_2_44 |journal=Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Філологічні науки |issue=2 |pages=307–312 |issn=2414-9594}}
She dedicated monographs and essays to important figures in the history of the Ukrainian language, among which are Father Markian Shashkevich - Ukrainian Language Creator{{cite book| author = Iryna Farion | chapter = | chapter-url = | format = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sVBbMwAACAAJ | title = Отець Маркиян Шашкевич - український мовотворець: лінгвістичний феномен на тлі світового романтизму | orig-year = | agency = | edition = |location= |date = 2007 |publisher= Свічадо |isbn=978-966-395-121-8}} (2007) and Linguistic Portrait of Ivan Pulyui (According to the Letters of the Thinker){{cite book| author = Ірина Фаріон | chapter = | chapter-url = | format = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DfPAtAEACAAJ | title = Мовний портрет Івана Пулюя: (за листами мислителя) |date = 2017 |publisher= Vydavnyt︠s︡tvo Lʹvivsʹkoï politekhniky |isbn=978-966-941-076-4}} (2017).
She was involved in several educational projects about the Ukrainian language and culture during her lifetime. One of them, the project "From the book to the goal" that she started in 2011 was aimed at youth with the aim of popularizing Ukrainian books.{{cite news |title=Професор Ірина Фаріон зініціювала інтерактивний курс з культури української мови на персональному youtube-каналі {{!}} Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» |url=https://lpnu.ua/news/profesor-iryna-farion-zinitsiiuvala-interaktyvnyi-kurs-z-kultury-ukrainskoi-movy-na |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=lpnu.ua |date=1 April 2022 |language=uk}}{{cite news |title=Телепрограму «Ген українців» Ірини Фаріон відзначено особливою номінацією року від каналу НТА {{!}} Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» |url=https://lpnu.ua/news/teleprohramu-hen-ukraintsiv-iryny-farion-vidznacheno-osoblyvoiu-nominatsiieiu-roku-vid-kanalu |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=lpnu.ua |date=28 December 2021 |language=uk}}
Political career
= Communist party =
During Farion's college years, she was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the only student of Lviv University being in the Communist Party. Farion at first denied membership within the Communist Party,{{cite news |last1=Shevchenko |first1=Daryna |date=15 November 2013 |title=Farion denies being a former communist, despite documents that show otherwise – Nov. 15, 2013 |url=https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/farion-denies-being-a-former-communist-despite-documents-that-show-otherwise-331938.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515043753/https://archive.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/farion-denies-being-a-former-communist-despite-documents-that-show-otherwise-331938.html |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Kyiv Post}} but later, she claimed that she could not have such a career without joining the party; Farion also stated that she joined the party to "destroy it from within".{{Cite news |last=Вагнер |first=Александра |date=2024-07-22 |title=Коммунистка, националистка. Жизнь и смерть Ирины Фарион |url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/kommunistka-natsionalistka-lingvistka-protivorechiya-ubitoy-iriny-farion/33046095.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=Радио Свобода |language=ru}} Having joined the party, she published the newspaper dedicated to Ukrainian USSR political prisoner Vasyl Stus, and was accused of nationalism by a party group.
= As a People's Deputy =
Farion was a member of the Ukrainian ultranationalist far-right Svoboda party since 2005.{{Cite web |date=2015-09-18 |title=Ірина Фаріон захистила докторську дисертацію |url=http://vgolos.com.ua/news/iryna_farion_zahystyla_doktorsku_dysertatsiyu_192067.html |access-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918005702/http://vgolos.com.ua/news/iryna_farion_zahystyla_doktorsku_dysertatsiyu_192067.html |archive-date=18 September 2015 }}{{Cite news |date=2019-04-11 |title=Ultranationalism in Ukraine – a photo essay |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/11/ultranationalism-in-ukraine-a-photo-essay |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
In 2006, Farion balloted for People's Deputy of Ukraine mandate from the Svoboda party of which she was a member.{{cite news |date=26 August 2016 |title=Controversial Ukrainian nationalist politician dies after being shot in Lviv |url=https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2024/07/20/controversial-ukrainian-nationalist-politician-dies-after-being-shot-in-lviv-en-news |work=Novaya Gazeta Europe}} At the same time she also successfully balloted to the Lviv regional council, where Farion was a deputy chairperson of the commission on education and science. In 2010, she won in a majoritarian electoral district of Lviv.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}File:НДУ 7 Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна.jpgIn the 2012 parliamentary election, Farion was elected into parliament after winning a constituency in Lviv Oblast.{{cite news |date=11 November 2012 |title=Список депутатів нової Верховнсї Ради |url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/11/11/6977259/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/11/11/6977259/ |archive-date=1 December 2008 |access-date=11 August 2014 |website=Ukrayinska Pravda |language=uk}} From 2013, she served as the head of the parliamentary subcommittee on higher education in science and education. In 2014, Farion became the first deputy chairperson of the committee on science and education.{{cite news |title=Большая патриотка или "агент Кремля"? Кто такая Ирина Фарион и почему вокруг нее постоянно скандалы |url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/styler/velika-patriotka-chi-agent-kremlya-hto-taka-1699442465.html |work=РБК-Украина |language=ru |access-date=20 July 2024 |archive-date=19 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119163018/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/styler/velika-patriotka-chi-agent-kremlya-hto-taka-1699442465.html |url-status=live }}
In the 2014 parliamentary election, Farion again tried to win a constituency seat in Lviv, but failed this time having finished third in her constituency with approximately 16% of the vote.{{cite web|url=http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2014/wp040ept001f01=910pf7331=116.html|title=Single-mandate district No.116|publisher=Central Election Commission of Ukraine|accessdate=3 November 2014|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218214022/https://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2014/wp040ept001f01=910pf7331=116.html|url-status=live}}
In July 2015, the Investigative Committee of Russia filed a criminal case against Farion on the charges of "incitement to murder" and "extremist statements" that she allegedly made on a public rally on 15 October 2014.{{cite news |date=8 July 2015 |title=СК РФ завел дело на бывшего депутата Верховной Рады Ирину Фарион |trans-title=Investigative Committee of Russian Federation files criminal case against former deputy of the Verkhovna Rada Iryna Farion |url=https://meduza.io/news/2015/07/08/sk-rf-zavel-delo-na-byvshego-deputata-verhovnoy-rady-irinu-farion |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Meduza |language=ru |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127115551/https://meduza.io/news/2015/07/08/sk-rf-zavel-delo-na-byvshego-deputata-verhovnoy-rady-irinu-farion |url-status=live }}
In the July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Farion again failed to return to parliament after finishing fifth with 10.35% of the vote in electoral district 116 in Lviv Oblast.{{cite web |date=24 July 2019 |title=Фаріон і Подоляк поступилися на виборах Княжицькому |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-elections/2746792-farion-i-podolak-postupilisa-na-viborah-knazickomu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731152144/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-elections/2746792-farion-i-podolak-postupilisa-na-viborah-knazickomu.html |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=31 July 2019 |lang=uk}}
= Lviv Polytechnic scandal =
In November 2023, Farion stated in an interview that "there is no Russian-speaking population, there are Ukrainians, and there are Katsaps";{{cite news |date=7 November 2023 |title=Фарион vs Азов. Новый языковой скандал |url=https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/4638339-faryon-vs-azov-novyi-yazykovoi-skandal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703082257/https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/4638339-faryon-vs-azov-novyi-yazykovoi-skandal |archive-date=3 July 2024 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=korrespondent.net |language=ru}} she also said that she would not consider Russian-speaking fighters of the Azov Brigade to be Ukrainian.{{cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Паплюжать честь ЗСУ: Фаріон вимагає покарати бійців "Азова" |url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/styler/paplyuzhat-chest-zsu-farion-vimagae-pokarati-1699980552.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115193553/https://www.rbc.ua/rus/styler/paplyuzhat-chest-zsu-farion-vimagae-pokarati-1699980552.html |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |lang=uk}}{{cite web |last1=Coynash |first1=Halya |date=14 November 2023 |title=Outrage after Ukrainian politician causes student's persecution in Russian-occupied Crimea |url=https://khpg.org/en/1608813051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520182943/https://khpg.org/en/1608813051 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=20 July 2024 |website=Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group}} Farion also published a letter by a supporter in the occupied Crimean Peninsula; she did not blur his name, causing him to be detained by Russian authorities.{{cite web |date=13 November 2023 |title="Проти мене ширять провокацію": Фаріон відреагувала на затримання студента з Криму |url=https://suspilne.media/616321-proti-mene-sirat-provokaciu-farion-vidreaguvala-na-zatrimanna-studenta-z-krimu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115193551/https://suspilne.media/616321-proti-mene-sirat-provokaciu-farion-vidreaguvala-na-zatrimanna-studenta-z-krimu/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |publisher=Suspilne |lang=uk}} This caused public outrage, including criticism from politician Tamila Tasheva,{{cite news |last1=Fornusek |first1=Martin |date=15 November 2023 |title=Ex-MP Farion under investigation over student message leak, radical statements |url=https://kyivindependent.com/sbu-charges-ex-mp-over-student-message-leak/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519054022/https://kyivindependent.com/sbu-charges-ex-mp-over-student-message-leak/ |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Pogorilov |first1=Stanislav |date=13 November 2023 |title=Ташева отреагировала на "слив" Фарион студента из Крыма: Это преступление |trans-title=Tasheva reacts to Farion "leak" of Crimean student: "A crime" |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2023/11/13/7428561/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrayinska Pravda |language=ru}} and student protests at Lviv Polytechnic, but the institute refused to fire her. Farion later appealed to the president and defence minister to "take measures" against Azov fighters who criticized her.{{cite news |date=14 November 2023 |title=Фарион требует от Зеленского и Залужного «принять меры» в отношении бойцов Азова, раскритиковавших ее за скандальные заявления |url=https://nv.ua/ukraine/events/irina-farion-trebuet-nakazat-boycov-azova-posle-kritiki-ee-skandalnyh-zayavleniy-50368307.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114180609/https://nv.ua/ukraine/events/irina-farion-trebuet-nakazat-boycov-azova-posle-kritiki-ee-skandalnyh-zayavleniy-50368307.html |archive-date=14 November 2023 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=nv.ua |language=ru}} The incident led to Ukraine's human rights ombudsman to say that he had asked the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) to open an investigation. On 15 November, the SBU opened an investigation against her on the counts of discrimination, insulting the dignity of a serviceman, violation of confidentiality of correspondence, and breach of inviolability of private life,{{cite news |last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо |date=15 November 2023 |title=СБУ відкрила провадження щодо Фаріон |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-farion-sbu-sprava/32685950.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115193553/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-farion-sbu-sprava/32685950.html |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |newspaper=Радіо Свобода |publisher=Radio Liberty |lang=uk}} and she was relieved of her position at Lviv Polytechnic.{{cite news |date=16 November 2023 |title=Фарион вспомнила о Степане Бандере после того, как ее уволили из университета |url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/styler/farion-zhorstko-rozkritikuvala-kerivnitstvo-1700119708.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119202233/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/styler/farion-zhorstko-rozkritikuvala-kerivnitstvo-1700119708.html |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=РБК-Украина |language=ru}} She was reinstated at Lviv Polytechnic in May 2024.{{cite news |last1=Kostenko |first1=Irina |date=29 May 2024 |title=Фарион восстановили в должности и насчитали почти 124 тысяч "штрафных": что известно о скандалах с ее участием |trans-title=Farion restored to position and paid 124k in "fines": what we know about the scandals she was involved in |url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/farion-ponovili-posadi-y-narahuvali-mayzhe-1716986258.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530101249/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/farion-ponovili-posadi-y-narahuvali-mayzhe-1716986258.html |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=RBC-Ukraine |language=ru}}
Assassination
On 19 July 2024, at around 19:30 (EEST), Farion was shot in Lviv.{{cite news |last1=Denisova |first1=Kateryna |title=Former Ukrainian MP Iryna Farion dies in Lviv after assassination attempt |url=https://kyivindependent.com/former-ukrainian-mp-iryna-farion-dies-in-lviv-after-assassination-attempt/ |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=The Kyiv Independent |date=19 July 2024 |language=en}} The attacker was described to be a young man of about 20–25 years of age; according to Farion's neighbours, they had noticed him in the morning, waiting near her home.{{cite news |title=Соседи Фарион, в которую стрелял неизвестный, заявили, что нападавший сидел в их дворе две-три недели — СМИ |trans-title=Neighbors of Farion, shot by an unknown man, state that the attacker spent time around her home for two to three weeks |url=https://nv.ua/ukraine/events/pokushenie-na-irinu-farion-sosedka-rasskazala-chto-napadavshiy-zhdal-yazykoveda-dve-tri-nedeli-50436171.html |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=The New Voice of Ukraine |date=19 July 2024 |language=ru}} She was immediately admitted to the hospital in the emergency department with a gunshot wound to the head in an "extremely serious" condition.{{Cite web |date=19 July 2024 |title=У Львові стріляли в Ірину Фаріон |url=https://varta1.com.ua/news/u-lvovi-strilyali-v-irinu-farion_383383.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Варта 1 |language=uk}}{{Cite web |last=Zaxid.net |date=19 July 2024 |title=У Львові вчинили замах на Ірину Фаріон |url=https://zaxid.net/u_lvovi_vchinili_zamah_na_irinu_farion_n1589893 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=ZAXID.NET |language=uk}} At around 23:00 EEST on the same day, doctors at the hospital announced that she was comatose and on life support. She died around 23:20,{{cite news |title=Вбивство Ірини Фаріон. Деталі замаху, версії слідства та чим була відома львівська професорка |trans-title=Murder of Iryna Farion. Details of the assassination, theories of the investigation, and what the Lviv professor was known for |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2024/07/20/7466608/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrayinska Pravda |date=20 July 2024 |language=uk |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720055727/https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2024/07/20/7466608/ |url-status=live }} at the age of 60.{{cite news |title=Во Львове убита бывший депутат Рады Ирина Фарион |trans-title=Former deputy Iryna Farion killed in Lviv |url=https://meduza.io/feature/2024/07/20/vo-lvove-ubita-byvshiy-deputat-rady-irina-farion-glavnoe |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Meduza |language=ru |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720212947/https://meduza.io/feature/2024/07/20/vo-lvove-ubita-byvshiy-deputat-rady-irina-farion-glavnoe |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Украинский политик Ирина Фарион умерла в больнице после покушения |trans-title=Ukrainian politician Iryna Farion dies in hospital after attack |url=https://meduza.io/news/2024/07/19/ukrainskiy-politik-irina-farion-umerla-v-bolnitse-posle-pokusheniya |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=Meduza |language=ru |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719211239/https://meduza.io/news/2024/07/19/ukrainskiy-politik-irina-farion-umerla-v-bolnitse-posle-pokusheniya |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Фарион умерла в больнице |trans-title=Farion dies in hospital |url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/farion-pomerla-likarni-1721421244.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=RBK-Ukraine |date=19 July 2024 |language=ru}}
Ukraine's interior minister Ihor Klymenko stated that the murder was premeditated and the main motives the investigators were considering were either her political and social activity or a personal dislike.{{cite news |last1=Glushchenko |first1=Olha |title=Клименко про вбивство Фаріон: "Стрілець готувався завчасно" |trans-title=Klimenko about the killing of Farion: "The shooter prepared beforehand" |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2024/07/20/7466596/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Українська правда |date=20 July 2024 |language=uk}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cp387p1zrgpo |title=Ukrainian nationalist ex-MP shot dead in Lviv street |last=McArthur |first=Tom |publisher=BBC |date=20 July 2024 |access-date=20 July 2024}}
=Suspect=
On 25 July 2024, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced the arrest of the suspected gunman in Dnipro, Vyacheslav Zinchenko, an 18-year-old male.{{Cite web |url=https://kyivindependent.com/suspect-in-murder-of-ex-mp-farion-detained-in-dnipro-zelensky-says/ |title=Suspect in murder of ex-MP Farion detained in Dnipro, Zelensky says |website=The Kyiv Independent |date=25 July 2024 |author=Kateryna Hodunova}}{{cite news |title=Ukraine detains man suspected of killing former MP and linguist Farion |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-detains-man-suspected-killing-former-mp-linguist-farion-2024-07-25/ |access-date=25 July 2024 |work=Reuters |date=25 July 2024}}{{Cite web |title=Teenager held over murder of Ukraine nationalist ex-MP Iryna Farion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn07p5zrexvo |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}} The suspect was following several far-right and neo-Nazi Telegram channels including Yevhen Karas' S14 and Right Sector, and was trying to enlist in the 3rd Assault Brigade.{{Cite news |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/nres-skhemy-pidozryuvanyy-u-vbyvstvi-farion-ultrapravi-spilnoty/33051090.html |title=Підозрюваний у вбивстві Фаріон стежив за сторінкою блогера, який критикував мовознавицю – «Схеми» |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=26 July 2024 |last1=Миронюк |first1=Анна |last2=Івлєва |first2=Ольга |last3=Шабаєв |first3=Георгій }} Zinchenko denied any responsibility in the murder of Farion.{{cite news |last1=Oliynyk |first1=Tetyana |title=Former Ukrainian MP Farion's murder suspect claims he "didn't do anything to her" |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/07/26/7467623/ |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=Ukrainska Pravda |date=26 July 2024 |language=en}} The suspect's father, who was fighting on the Ukrainian front line, said his son did not have anti-Ukrainian views and was a patriot who was preparing to join the army.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn07p5zrexvo |title=Teenager held over murder of Ukraine nationalist ex-MP |last=Kirby |first=Paul |work=BBC News |date=25 July 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024}} The father also stated that his son is a supporter of a mono-ethnic Ukrainian state, and that in 2022 he became a member of the "Right Youth" movement, the youth organization of Right Sector.{{Cite web |url=https://24tv.ua/vbivstvo-farion-batko-zinchenka-rozpoviv-pro-stavlennya-sina_n2612097 |title="Він прихильник моноетнічної держави": що батько Зінченка каже про ставлення сина до Фаріон |website=24 Kanal|date=5 August 2024 }} According to the suspect's mother, her son is an admirer of Stepan Bandera, speaks good Ukrainian, and therefore the accusations against him are just a "political game".{{Cite web |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2024/08/5/7469056/ |title=Мати підозрюваного у вбивстві Фаріон каже, що він захоплювався Бандерою |website=Ukrainska Pravda}}
Earlier that day, the Russian National Socialism / White Power group, considered a terrorist group in Russia, allegedly claimed responsibility for the murder.{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c4ngvvrqn51o |title=Хто такі націонал-соціалісти руху NS/WP, які взяли відповідальність за вбивство Ірини Фаріон |trans-title=Who are the National Socialists of the NS/WP movement who took responsibility for the murder of Iryna Farion|website=BBC |date=26 July 2024 |trans-quote=Earlier in Russian Internet channels there were reports that National Socialists from the NS/WP movement allegedly claimed responsibility for the murder. However, it is not yet known whether the detained young man associates himself with this organization and whether he even admits to committing the murder. ... in 2021, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation recognized the NS/WP movement as terrorist.}} The video of the murder claim contains the recording of the alleged moment of the shooting and is embedded at the end of a long video entitled "Manifesto of a Ukrainian Autonomous Revolutionary Racist".{{Cite web |url=https://detector.media/infospace/article/230042/2024-07-25-rosiyski-telegram-kanaly-opublikuvaly-video-nibyto-vbyvstva-iryny-farion-vidpovidalnist-uzyav-ukrainskyy-rasyst/ |title=Російські телеграм-канали опублікували відео нібито вбивства Ірини Фаріон: відповідальність узяв «український расист» |website=detector.media|date=25 July 2024 }}
=Investigation=
In July 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine reported that the investigation in the case of the murder found a shell of a sports bullet at the scene. It also reported that the police headed out to the scene of the crime right after being informed about the shooting. Klymenko was present at the crime scene at night himself.{{cite news |last1=Balachuk |first1=Iryna |title=Ukrainian professor Iryna Farion was killed from converted pistol: sports bullet shell found at scene |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/07/26/7467517/ |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=Ukrainska Pravda |date=26 July 2024 |language=en}}
=Funeral=
Farion's memorial service was held in Lviv on 21 July.{{cite news |last1=Levitska |first1=Karina |last2=Borzova |first2=Yaroslava |title=У Львові прощаються з Іриною Фаріон (фото, відео) |url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/news/lvovi-proshchayutsya-irinoyu-farion-foto-1721580220.html |trans-title=Bidding farewell to Iryna Farion in Lviv |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=RBC Ukraine |date=21 July 2024 |language=uk}} Reports on the number of mourners varied from several hundred to over five thousand. She was buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery, near singer-songwriter Volodymyr Ivasyuk.{{cite news |last1=Kravtsov |first1=Vladislav |title=Сотні людей прийшли віддати шану: у Львові попрощалися з Іриною Фаріон |trans-title=Hundreds of people came to show respect: bidding farewell to Iryna Farion in Lviv |url=https://24tv.ua/irina-farion-pomerla-yakim-bulo-proshhannya-profesorkoyu-21-lipnya_n2601859 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=24 Kanal |date=21 July 2024 |language=uk}}{{cite news |last1=Bzikadze |first1=Miroslava |title=У Львові попрощатися з Фаріон прийшли кілька тисяч людей (фоторепортаж) |url=https://www.unian.ua/society/farion-poproshchatisya-z-movoznaviceyu-priyshli-kilka-tisyach-lyudey-novini-lvova-12703794.html |trans-title=Several thousand people came to bid farewell to Farion in Lviv |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=UNIAN |date=21 July 2024 |language=uk}}{{cite news |title=У Львові поховали Ірину Фаріон. Її проводжали тисячі людей |trans-title=Iryna Farion buried in Lviv. Thousands of people came to say goodbye |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c2j3zjvm5k3o |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=BBC News Ukrainian |date=22 July 2024 |language=uk |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722175618/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c2j3zjvm5k3o |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Kostenko |first1=Iryna |last2=Kopytko |first2=Vasylyna |title=У Львові в останню путь проводжають Ірину Фаріон (фото, відео) |url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/news/lvovi-ostannyu-put-provodzhayut-irinu-farion-1721654300.html |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=RBC Ukraine |date=22 July 2024 |language=uk}}
=Reactions=
Zelensky expressed his condolences to her family.{{cite news |last1=Borzenko |first1=Timofiy |title=Досліджуються всі версії, включно з тією, що веде до РФ, – Зеленський щодо вбивства Фаріон |trans-title=All motives are being investigated, including a Russia-related motive − Zelensky regarding Farion's death |url=https://ukranews.com/ua/news/1021254-doslidzhuyutsya-vsi-versiyi-vklyuchno-z-tiyeyu-shho-vede-do-rf-zelenskyj-shhodo-vbyvstva-farion |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrainian News Agency |date=20 July 2024 |language=uk}} The head of the Lviv regional administration and the mayor of Lviv, Maksym Kozytskyi and Andriy Sadovyi, also expressed their condolences to her family.{{cite news |title=В больнице Львова после покушения умерла политик Ирина Фарион |trans-title=Politician Iryna Farion dies in Lviv hospital after assassination attempt |url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/v-boljnitse-ljvova-posle-pokusheniya-umerla-politik-irina-farion/33043354.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=RFE/RL |date=19 July 2024 |language=ru |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719212740/https://www.svoboda.org/a/v-boljnitse-ljvova-posle-pokusheniya-umerla-politik-irina-farion/33043354.html |url-status=live }} Mayor of Kyiv Vitali Klitschko called her murder "a provocation and a challenge to the law enforcement system, democracy and stability in the country", while former president Viktor Yushchenko called Farion's murder "a calculated special operation of the enemy."{{cite news |last1=Chervonenko |first1=Vitaliy |last2=Khomenko |first2=Svyatoslav |title=Ірина Фаріон. Історія жінки, яка все життя боролась за українську мову |trans-title=Iryna Farion. The story of a woman who fought all her life for the Ukrainian language |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/crg57p9gjq6o |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=BBC News Україна |date=20 July 2024 |language=uk}}{{cite news |title=«Спецоперація ворога України». Реакції на вбивство Ірини Фаріон |trans-title="A special operation of Ukraine's enemy". Reactions to the killing of Iryna Farion |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/vbyvstvo-iryny-farion/33043993.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=RFE/RL |date=20 July 2024 |language=uk}}
Farion's political party, Svoboda, accused the Russian government of organizing her death.{{cite news |last1=Glushchenko |first1=Olha |title="Вбивство Ірини Фаріон здійснено за наказом Москви" – заява ВО "Свобода" |trans-title="The killing of Iryna Farion was done on the order of Moscow", declares Svoboda |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2024/07/20/7466595/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrayinska Pravda |date=20 July 2024 |language=uk}} Journalist Ostap Drozdov called her murder "a bullet for every [Ukrainian] patriot".{{Cite web |date=2024-07-21 |title=Це куля у кожного патріота: Дроздов про вбивство Ірини Фаріон |url=https://www.nta.ua/cze-kulya-u-kozhnogo-patriota-drozdov-pro-vbyvstvo-iryny-farion/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=НТА |language=uk}} Politician Yaroslav Yurchyshyn called for the banning of Russian-affiliated religious organizations, stating it would be the "best immediate tribute to Iryna Farion's memory."{{cite news |last1=Tsurkan |first1=Kate |title=Who was Iryna Farion, the nationalist professor-politician assassinated in Lviv? |url=https://kyivindependent.com/who-was-iryna-farion-the-nationalist-professor-politician-assassinated-in-lviv/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=The Kyiv Independent |date=20 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720220744/https://kyivindependent.com/who-was-iryna-farion-the-nationalist-professor-politician-assassinated-in-lviv/ |url-status=live }}
Multiple public figures, including rapper Oleksandr Yarmak, singers Maria Burmaka, Iryna Fedyshyn and Khrystyna Soloviy, TV presenter Olha Freimut, actor Rymma Zyubina and writer Oksana Zabuzhko wrote tributes to Farion.{{cite news |title=«Деякі просто випереджали час». Ірина Федишин, Ольга Фреймут, Ярмак, Марія Бурмака та інші відреагували на вбивство Ірини Фаріон |trans-title="Some were just ahead of their time". Iryna Fedyshin, Olha Freimut, Yarmak, Maria Burmaka and others react to the killing of Iryna Farion |url=https://life.nv.ua/ukr/znamenitosti/irina-farion-pomerla-suhanov-freymut-fedishin-yarmak-zabuzhko-prokomentuvali-smert-movoznavici-50436201.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=The New Voice of Ukraine |date=20 July 2024 |lang=uk}} Farion's daughter called for a monument to be placed on Masaryk Street where she was shot, and to rename the street to "Iryna Farion Street".{{cite news |title=«Має бути пам'ятник». Дочка Фаріон опублікувала фото стихійного меморіалу на місці її вбивства |trans-title="There should be a memorial." Daughter of Farion published a photo of an impromptu memorial at the place of her murder |url=https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/vbivstvo-irini-farion-dochka-farion-pokazala-stihiyniy-memorial-na-misci-vbivstva-novini-ukrajini-50436391.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=The New Voice of Ukraine |language=uk}}{{cite news |last1=Buyanova |first1=Polina |title="Пекучий біль": дочка Фаріон показала, як люди приносять квіти до місця вбивства її матері |trans-title="A burning pain": Farion's daughter shows how people bring flowers to the place where her mother was murdered |url=https://24tv.ua/irini-farion-pomerla-donka-movoznavitsi-pokazala-foto-mistsya_n2601831 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=24 Канал |date=21 July 2024 |language=uk}}
Political views
File:Кандидат філологічних наук Ірина Фаріон.jpg
According to the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, "Iryna Farion's extreme nationalist views have long made the Lviv linguist and Svoboda [Freedom] Party politician a controversial figure." Farion has been characterized as far-right.{{cite news |last1=Chiu |first1=Leo |title=Ultra-Nationalist Firebrand Generates Outrage by Questioning Patriotism of Russian-Speaking Ukrainian Soldiers |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/23787 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Kyiv Post |date=7 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718023838/https://www.kyivpost.com/post/23787 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Denisova |first1=Kateryna |title=Former Ukrainian MP injured after assassination attempt in Lviv |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukrainian-ex-mp-reportedly-shot/ |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=The Kyiv Independent |date=19 July 2024 |language=en}}
From 2014 to 2019, Farion hosted the historical programme "The Greatness of the Individual", with the aim of popularising Stepan Bandera in Ukraine.{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/crg57p9gjq6o |title="Постріл в Україну": ким була Ірина Фаріон, яку вбили у Львові |website=BBC|date=20 July 2024 }}
Farion welcomed the murder of journalist Oles Buzina in April 2015, calling him a "degenerate" and "scumbag".{{cite news |title=Фарион шокировала «некрологом» на убийство Бузины |url=https://fakty.com.ua/ru/ukraine/suspilstvo/20150416-1548374/ |date=16 April 2015}}{{cite news |title=Ирина Фарион шокировала резким некрологом об Олесе Бузине |url=https://24tv.ua/ru/irina_farion_shokirovala_rezkim_nekrologom_ob_olese_buzine_n565933 |work=24 Канал |date=17 April 2015 |language=ru |access-date=20 July 2024 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505165722/https://24tv.ua/ru/irina_farion_shokirovala_rezkim_nekrologom_ob_olese_buzine_n565933 |url-status=live }}
In 2017 she accused Ukrainian TV presenter Dmitry Gordon on air of being an FSB agent. In March 2019, in response to journalist Dmitry Gordon's criticism of Stepan Bandera, Farion called Gordon an enemy and wished him a "torturous death". For this, she was harshly criticized by the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine.{{cite news |title=НСЖУ назвал дикостью пожелание Фарион Гордону "сдохнуть в диких муках" |url=https://ukranews.com/news/618018-nszhu-nazval-dikostyu-pozhelanie-farion-gordonu-sdohnut-v-dikih-mukah |trans-title=NUJU calls Farion's wish that Gordon "dies a torturous death" a "barbarity" |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrainian News Agency |date=5 March 2019 |language=ru |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225004753/https://ukranews.com/news/618018-nszhu-nazval-dikostyu-pozhelanie-farion-gordonu-sdohnut-v-dikih-mukah |url-status=live }}
In October of 2018, Farion called ethnic Hungarians in Zakarpattia Oblast "retards" and suggested that they "go back to Hungary",{{Cite web |url=https://kyivindependent.com/who-was-iryna-farion-the-nationalist-professor-politician-assassinated-in-lviv/ |title=Who was Iryna Farion, the nationalist professor-politician assassinated in Lviv? |website=kyivindependent.com|date=20 July 2024 }}{{cite news |last1=Komendantova |first1=Nadiya |date=13 October 2018 |title="Чимчикуйте до Угорщини": Скандальна екс-депутат Фаріон назвала "дебілами" етнічних угорців Закарпаття |trans-title="Run back to Hungary": scandulous ex-deputy Farion called ethnic Hungarians of Zakarpattia "morons" |url=https://ukranews.com/ua/news/589431-skandalna-eks-deputat-farion-nazvala-debilamy-etnichnykh-ugorciv-zakarpattya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026110608/https://ukranews.com/ua/news/589431-skandalna-eks-deputat-farion-nazvala-debilamy-etnichnykh-ugorciv-zakarpattya |archive-date=26 October 2021 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrainian News Agency |language=uk}} while comparing them to "dogs who cannot learn the language of Bandera".
= Opposition to Russian language in Ukraine=
In February 2010, on International Mother Language Day, Farion was filmed instructing kindergartners to avoid using Russian names.{{cite web |last1=Coynash |first1=Halya |date=23 February 2010 |title=Shameful abuse |url=https://khpg.org/en/1266889670 |website=Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group |access-date=20 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204607/https://khpg.org/en/1266889670 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Korba |first1=Halyna |date=14 November 2023 |title=Життя і скандали Ірини Фаріон |trans-title=The life and scandals of Iryna Farion |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c88dp8z0ex3o |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=BBC News Україна |language=uk |archive-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116164504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c88dp8z0ex3o |url-status=live }} In one instance, she tells them to "go where the Mashas live" if they wanted to be called Masha; a video of the incident was aired on Russian state television and was widely criticized.{{cite book |last1=Schlegel |first1=Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbSrDwAAQBAJ |title=Making Ethnicity in Southern Bessarabia: Tracing the Histories of an Ambiguous Concept in a Contested Land |date=26 August 2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-40802-9 |page=189 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Bustikova |first1=Lenka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzKAEAAAQBAJ |title=Extreme Reactions: Radical Right Mobilization in Eastern Europe |date=24 October 2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-48265-3 |page=169 |language=en |quote=Iryna Farion stirred a controversy during her visit to a kindergarten in Lviv... because she scolded five-year-old children for referring to themselves with Russian-sounding first names}} The incident was also widely discussed and criticized in the Ukrainian media.{{cite journal |last1=Polyakova |first1=Alina |date=2014 |title=From the provinces to the parliament: How the Ukrainian radical right mobilized in Galicia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48610395 |journal=Communist and Post-Communist Studies |volume=47 |issue=2 |page=221 |doi=10.1016/j.postcomstud.2014.04.012 |jstor=48610395 |issn=0967-067X}} One deputy from the Party of Regions asked the Prosecutor General of Ukraine to file a criminal case against her on the grounds of language-based and nationality-based discrimination.
In June 2010, Farion stated: "We have 14% of Ukrainians who indicated that their native language is Russian, that is, the language of the occupier. This indicates a terrible mutation of their consciousness. These are 5 million Ukrainian degenerates. And they need to be saved". Farion also suggested that Ukrainians who do not know the Ukrainian language should be imprisoned.{{cite news |date=5 June 2010 |title=Фарион предлагает посадить в тюрьму 5 млн 'дегенератов, которые не говорят на украинском языке' |trans-title=Farion proposes to put in jail 5 million 'degenerates who do not speak the Ukrainian language' |url=https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/1083161-farion-predlagaet-posadit-v-tyurmu-5-mln-degeneratov-kotorye-ne-govoryat-na-ukrainskom-yazyke |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121071950/https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/1083161-farion-predlagaet-posadit-v-tyurmu-5-mln-degeneratov-kotorye-ne-govoryat-na-ukrainskom-yazyke |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=korrespondent.net |language=ru}} That year she also called for a campaign to "punch every Russian-speaking person in the jaw".
In 2017, she urged against giving jobs and education to those who do not speak Ukrainian.
In April 2018, Farion called Russian-speaking Ukrainians "mentally retarded" and claimed that they had caused the Russo-Ukrainian War.{{cite news |last1=Rudyk |first1=Anna |date=30 April 2018 |title=Екс-депутат "Свободи" назвала російськомовних українців розумово відсталими |trans-title=Ex-deputy of "Svoboda" calls Russian-speaking Ukrainians mentally retarded |url=https://ukranews.com/ua/news/560733-eks-deputat-svobody-nazvala-rosiyskomovnykh-ukrainciv-rozumovo-vidstalymy |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrainian News Agency |language=uk}} Later in 2019 she emphasized that the Russian-speaking population of Eastern Ukraine are the "authors of the war" because "if there were no such [Russian speakers], Putin would have no one to protect",{{Cite web |last=Крижня |first=Марина |date=2023-11-14 |title=Орлиця комунізму, діва націоналізму: які цінності насправді обстоює Ірина Фаріон |url=https://antonina.detector.media/srachi-ta-dyskusii/post/219313/2023-11-14-orlytsya-komunizmu-diva-natsionalizmu-yaki-tsinnosti-naspravdi-obstoyuie-iryna-farion/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=antonina.detector.media |language=uk}} referring to Russian propaganda narrative of protecting Russian speakers in Ukraine.{{Cite web |last=Hinton |first=Alexander |date=2022-02-25 |title=Putin's claims that Ukraine is committing genocide are baseless, but not unprecedented |url=http://theconversation.com/putins-claims-that-ukraine-is-committing-genocide-are-baseless-but-not-unprecedented-177511 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}
Personal life
Farion was married to Ostap Semchyshyn; they had a daughter and were divorced.{{cite news |title=Во Львове стреляли в Ирину Фарион |trans-title=In Lviv Iryna Farion was shot|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/lvovi-strilyali-irinu-farion-1721409076.html |work=РБК-Украина |language=ru |date=19 July 2024}} As of 2022, her daughter was a member of the Lviv City Council.{{cite news |last1=Savenko |first1=Mark |title=Дочку Фаріон під час повномасштабної війни підвищили до начальника у Львівській міськраді |url=https://ukranews.com/ua/news/1001366-dochku-farion-pid-chas-povnomasshtabnoyi-vijny-pidvyshhyly-do-nachalnyka-u-lvivskij-miskradi |access-date=20 July 2024 |work=Ukrainian News Agency |date=25 April 2024 |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503200616/https://ukranews.com/ua/news/1001366-dochku-farion-pid-chas-povnomasshtabnoyi-vijny-pidvyshhyly-do-nachalnyka-u-lvivskij-miskradi |url-status=live }} Farion had two grandchildren.
Awards and nominations
- 2001: Certificate of honor named after the president of the NTSH Mykhailo Hrushevskyi from the Board of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in America for "tireless academic activity in the field of Ukrainian studies".
- 2004: Laureate of the "Oleksa Hirnyk International League of Ukrainian Patrons Award" for "national and patriotic education of youth".
- 2008: {{ill|Borys Hrinchenko Prize|uk|Всеукраїнська премія імені Бориса Грінченка}}.{{Cite web |date=2019-06-18 |title=МОВО, БУДЬ! МОВО, ЖИВИ І ЖИВИ! – Слово Просвіти |url=http://slovoprosvity.org/2009/03/12/1889-old/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618130000/http://slovoprosvity.org/2009/03/12/1889-old/ |archive-date=18 June 2019 }}
- 2010: diploma from the UOC KP for scientific activity, in particular for the monograph "Father Markian Shashkevych — ukrainian languagemaker".{{Cite web |title=Ірина Фаріон |url=https://varianty.lviv.ua/publikatsiyi/iryna-farion |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=varianty.lviv.ua |language=uk}}
- 2013: Laureate of the International award of the League of Ukrainian Patrons named after Dmytro Nytchenko "For an unerring position in life, for fighting qualities and for rank", for the project "From the book to the goal"{{Cite web |url=http://tsn.ua/politika/farion-dali-premiyu-za-biycivski-yakosti-298018.html |title=Фаріон дали премію «за бійцівські якості» |date=11 June 2013 |accessdate=24 November 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010404/http://tsn.ua/politika/farion-dali-premiyu-za-biycivski-yakosti-298018.html }}
- 2014: Certificate of Honor of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for a "significant contribution to the development of national education, improvement of the modern legal framework of education and science" (Decree No. 362 dated 19 June 2014).
- 2016: Laureate of the Ivan Ohiyenko Prize for "scientific advancements" for the monograph "The social status of the Old Ukrainian (Rusyn) language in the 14th – 17th centuries: linguistic consciousness, linguistic validity, linguistic perspective".
- 2021: Laureate of the "Regional award for employees of scientific institutions and institutions of higher education" from the Lviv Regional State Administration.{{Cite web |date=2021-11-15 |title=Професор катедри української мови Ірина Фаріон стала лавреатом Обласної премії {{!}} Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» |url=https://lpnu.ua/news/profesor-katedry-ukrainskoi-movy-iryna-farion-stala-lavreatom-oblasnoi-premii |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=lpnu.ua |language=uk}}
- 2022: «Certificate of honor for special merits» from the Lviv Polytechnic University.[https://ukranews.com/ua/news/1000049-nezavdovgo-do-zvilnennya-farion-nagorodyly-najvyshhoyu-nagorodoyu-lvivskoyi-politehniky Незавдовго до звільнення Фаріон нагородили найвищою нагородою Львівської політехніки]
- 2023: laureate of the {{ill|Borys Hrinchenko Prize|uk|Всеукраїнська премія імені Бориса Грінченка}} for educational activities.{{cite web|url=https://litgazeta.com.ua/news/staly-vidomi-laureaty-vseukrainskoi-prosvitianskoi-premii-imeni-borysa-hrinchenka/|title=Стали відомі лауреати Всеукраїнської просвітянської премії імені Бориса Грінченка|work=«Українська літературна газета»|author=|date=2023-12-13|lang=uk|accessdate=2023-12-13}}
Publications
= Monographs =
- Українські прізвищеві назви Прикарпатської Львівщини наприкінці XVIII — початку XIX століття (з етимологічним словником)[Ukrainian family names of the Carpathian Lviv Region at the end of 18th – beginning of 19th centuries (with etymological dictionary)]. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of folklore studies. "Litopys". Lviv, 2001.{{Cite web |date=2016-04-29 |title=Українські прізвищеві назви Прикарпатської Львівщини наприкінці XVIII - початку ХІХ століття (з етимологічним словником) |url=http://www.library.univ.kiev.ua/ukr/elcat/new/detail.php3?doc_id=944407 |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429002124/http://www.library.univ.kiev.ua/ukr/elcat/new/detail.php3?doc_id=944407 |archive-date=29 April 2016 }}
- Антропонімійна система Верхньої Наддністрянщини кінця XVIII — початку XIX ст. (прізвищеві назви)[Antroponymy system of the Upper Dniester region at the end of 18th – beginning of 19th centuries (family names)]. Franko State University. Lviv, 1996 (Ph.D. thesis).{{Cite web |date=2016-04-29 |title=Комплексний інформаційно-бібліографічний сервіс Національної бібілотеки України імені В. І. Вернадського |url=http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis64r_81/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=S&I21DBN=EC&P21DBN=EC&S21FMT=briefwebr&S21ALL=(%3C.%3EA=%D0%A4%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%86%D0%9E%D0%9D$%3C.%3E+%3C.%3EA=%D0%86%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90$%3C.%3E+%3C.%3EA=%D0%94%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%86%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90$%3C.%3E)&FT_REQUEST=&FT_PREFIX=&Z21ID=&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20 |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429004147/http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis64r_81/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=S&I21DBN=EC&P21DBN=EC&S21FMT=briefwebr&S21ALL=(%3C.%3EA=%D0%A4%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%86%D0%9E%D0%9D$%3C.%3E+%3C.%3EA=%D0%86%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90$%3C.%3E+%3C.%3EA=%D0%94%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%86%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90$%3C.%3E)&FT_REQUEST=&FT_PREFIX=&Z21ID=&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20 |archive-date=29 April 2016 }}
- Мова — краса і сила: Суспільно-креативна роль української мови в ХІ — середині XIX ст[Language — beauty and force; societally-creative role of the Ukrainian language in 11th – middle of 19th centuries]. 168 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2007 {{ISBN|978-966-553-586-7}}
- Отець Маркіян Шашкевич — український мовотворець. Лінгвістичний феномен на тлі світового романтизму[Father Markian Shashkevych — ukrainian languagemaker. Linguistic phenomen in the background of worldwide romantism]. 136 pages, "Svichado" publishing, 2007 {{ISBN|978-966-395-121-8}}
- Правопис — корсет мови?: Український правопис як культурно-політичний вибір[Spelling — the language's corset?: Ukrainian spelling as a cultural and a political choice]. 115 pages, St. John's Lavra Monastery, "Svichado" publishing, 2004 {{ISBN|966-561-328-6}}
- Степан Бандера — практик, теоретик, містик націоналістичного руху. Лекція Ірини Фаріон з нагоди столітнього ювілею Провідника[Stepan Bandera — practitioner, theoretician, mystician of the nationalist movement. Lecture by Iryna Farion on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Guide]. 32 pages + CD-disk, Ivano-Frankivsk "Місто НВ", 2009 {{ISBN|978-966-428-123-9}}
- Мовна норма: знищення, пошук, віднова[Language Norm: Destruction, Search, Restoration (Culture of Speech of Public Figures)]. 336 pages + CD-disk, Ivano-Frankivsk "Місто НВ", 2010 {{ISBN|978-966-428-138-3}}
- Афоризми та сентенції Юрія Іллєнка Криниця для спраглих[Aphorisms and maxims of Yuri Illenko, A fountain for the thirsty](Author of the idea, compiler and literary editor Iryna Farion, along with Lyudmyla Illyenko, Pylyp Illyenko, Andrii Illyenko), 160 pages, Ivano-Frankivsk "Місто НВ", 2010 {{ISBN|978-966-428-169-7}}
- Суспільний статус староукраїнської (руської) мови у ХIV—ХVII століттях: мовна свідомість, мовна дійсність, мовна перспектива[The social status of the Old Ukrainian (Rusyn) language in the 14th – 17th centuries: linguistic consciousness, linguistic validity, linguistic perspective]. 656 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2015 {{ISBN|978-617-607-718-3}}
- Мовний портрет Івана Пулюя (за листами мислителя)[Language portrait of Ivan Pulyuy (based on the thinker's letters)]. 215 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2017 {{ISBN|978-966-941-076-4}}
- Мовна норма: пошук істини. Посібник[Language norm: the search for truth. Manual]. 255 pages, Ivano-Frankivsk "Місто НВ", 2017 {{ISBN|978-966-428-517-6}}{{Cite web |title=Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна — Electronic Encyclopedia of Lviv Polytechnic |url=https://wiki.lpnu.ua/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=wiki.lpnu.ua |language=uk}}
= Monographs with other authors =
- Slovo v kultuře a kultura ve slově: Kolektivni monografie / prof. Alla Arkhanhelska, DrSc. Vydala a vytiskla Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci[The word in culture and culture in the word]. Collective monograph prof. Alla Arkhanhelska, DrSc. Published and printed by Palacký University in Olomouc, 2014. (pages 215—229)
- Українознавство в персоналіях — у системі вищої медичної освіти[Ukrainian studies in personalities - in the system of higher medical education. Monograph. The third book]. (pages 316—335) Ivano-Frankivsk, 2019 {{ISBN|978-966-428-498-8}}
- Український науковий термін: діахронний контекст. Монографія[Ukrainian scientific term: diachronic context. Monograph]. (pages 50—71) Halytska Publishing Union, Lviv, 2019 {{ISBN|978-617-7809-05-9}}
- Українська реальність крізь призму терміна: монографія[Ukrainian reality through the prism of the term: monograph]. (pages 47–93) Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2019 {{ISBN|978-966-941-414-4}}
- Термінологічна актуалізація української мовної дійсности: монографія[Terminological actualization of the Ukrainian linguistic reality: a monograph]. (pages 5–59) Halytska Publishing Union, Lviv, 2020 {{ISBN|978-617-7809-53-0}}
- Українознавство в персоналіях — у системі вищої медичної освіти. Монографія. Книга п'ята. Івано-Франківськ[Ukrainian studies in personalities - in the system of higher medical education. Monograph. Book five]. (pages 185—215) Ivano-Frankivsk, 2022
- Полігранна філологія без кордонів: колективна монографія[Multifaceted philology without borders: a collective monograph]. (pages 127—141) Ivanchenka publishing, Kharkiv, 2022
- Wrocławska Ukrainistyka. Lingua — Litterae — Sermo[Wroclaw Ukrainian Studies. Lingua — Litterae — Sermo. Collective monograph]. (pages 79—90) Atut Publishing House — Oświatwe publishing, Wrocław, 2022
- Мовознавча комісія НТШ. З історії людей та ідей[Linguistic Commission of the National Academy of Sciences. From the history of people and ideas]. Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2023.{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Доцентка катедри УМ взяла участь у роботі круглого столу «Українська мова як державотворче начало» {{!}} Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» |url=https://lpnu.ua/news/dotsentka-katedry-um-vziala-uchast-u-roboti-kruhloho-stolu-ukrainska-mova-iak-derzhavotvorche |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=lpnu.ua |language=uk}}
- Англізми і протианглізми: 100 історій слів у соціоконтексті[Englishisms and anti-Englishisms: 100 stories of words in social context]. 714 pages, Iryna Farion, Halyna Pomyluyko-Nedashkivska, Anna Bordovska, "Svichado" publishing, Lviv, 2023 {{ISBN|978-617-7809-53-0}}{{YouTube|N4wX_8ReZ1o|Ірина Фаріон презентувала книгу «Англізми і Протианглізми: 100 історій слів у соціоконтексті» (23 грудня 2023)}}
= Published under scientific editorship and others =
- Петро Билина. Війна кличе. Стань переможцем! Нотатки на полях російсько-української війни. Iryna Farion as a foreword author and editor. 168 pages, Kyiv: Ukrainian Priority, 2017.
- Проблеми української термінології: зб. наук. пр. учасників XV Міжнар. наук. конф. «Проблеми укр. термінології СловоСвіт 2018», 83 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing. {{ISBN|978-966-941-210-2}}
- Добірка студій професора Михайла Худаша: історична ономастика, мовні портрети, спогади. За науковою редакцією І. Д. Фаріон. 440 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2019. {{ISBN|978-966-941-336-9}}.
- Наука своєю мовою — нездоланна твердиня. Збірник матеріялів відкритих Пулюївських читань / науковий редактор: І. Д. Фаріон. 215 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2019. {{ISBN|978-966-941-300-0}}.
- Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна: Біобібліографічний показник: / Упор. О. Микитюк, Л. Харчук, І. Ментинська. 168 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2019. {{ISBN|978-966-941-319-2}}.
- Щастя бути сильним. Афоризми та сентенції Дмитра Донцова. Автор ідеї та укладач: Оксана Микитюк. Науковий консультант: Ірина Фаріон. 392 pages, Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2021.
- Проблеми української термінології: зб. наук. праць учасників XVII Наук. онлайн-конф. СловоСвіт 2022, 6–8 жовт. 2022 р. / Головний редактор: Ірина Фаріон. — Lviv Polytechnic publishing, 2022. {{ISBN|978-966-941-755-8}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last1=Микитюк |first1=Оксана Романівна |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqOjzQEACAAJ |title=Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна: доктор філологічних наук, професор : біобібліографічний показник |last2=Харчук |first2=Лілія Валеріївна |last3=Ментинська |first3=Ірина Богданівна |date=2019 |publisher=Vydavnyctvo Lʹvivsʹkoï politechniky |isbn=978-966-941-319-2 |language=uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802162738/https://books.google.com/books?id=KqOjzQEACAAJ |archive-date=2 August 2024 |access-date=2 August 2024 |url-status=live }}
External links
{{Commons category|Iryna Farion}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090402015233/http://www.svoboda.org.ua/pro_partiyu/lidery/iryna_farion/ Profile at Svoboda website]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20121129045621/http://www.farion.info/ Official website]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Farion, Iryna}}
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