Isaac Lumago

Isaac Lumago was born at Koboko in 1939.{{cite web| url = https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Maj--Gen--Isaac-Lumago-is-dead/688334-1402410-ix8icj/index.html | title = Maj. Gen. Isaac Lumago dies at Arua referral hospital | date = 9 May 2012 |author1=Clement Aluma |author2=Felix Warom Okello | website = Daily Monitor| access-date = 7 June 2019 }} He was an ethnic Nubian, and a cousin of Idi Amin.{{sfn|Decalo|2019|loc=The Collapse of a Dictator}}

Lumago worked as a customs official before being recruited into the Uganda Army in 1963 by British officers.{{sfn|Lowman|2020|p=63}} After undergoing training at the Sudanese Military Academy in Omdurman, he was made a second lieutenant and posted to Moroto. He underwent additional training over the following years and received steady promotions.{{sfn|Rwehururu|2002|p=50}} By 1971 he held the rank of captain, and was supportive of Colonel Idi Amin's military coup that year.{{sfn|Lowman|2020|p=63}} In 1974 he underwent training in the Soviet Union.{{sfn|Rwehururu|2002|p=54}} Under Amin's rule, Lumago became Minister of Industry and Power before—at the rank of colonel—being appointed Uganda's High Commissioner to Lesotho in 1975. Operating from Maseru, he also was given responsibility for Uganda's relations with 12 other states in southern Africa.{{cite news| title = Uganda: In Brief: Support for Chinese policy on southern Africa| newspaper = Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa| date = 20 May 1975| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LREsAQAAIAAJ}} In July 1976 he was in Kenya when he overheard Kenya Air Force officers on 4 July, discussing plans by Israel to carry out a raid against Entebbe International Airport to free hostages who were held there by Palestinian and German airplane hijackers with the complicity of the Ugandan government.{{cite web| url = https://cija.ca/operation-thunderbolt/| title = Operation Thunderbolt: Daring and Luck| last = Alexander| first = Ben| date = 4 July 2016| publisher = Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs| access-date = 17 April 2019| archive-date = 17 April 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165936/https://cija.ca/operation-thunderbolt/| url-status = dead}} Lumago and Colonel Gad Wilson Toko, who was in Nairobi for non-military reasons, managed to telephone Brigadier Isaac Maliyamungu after failing to reach Uganda Army Chief of Staff Mustafa Adrisi. Maliyamungu, who was reportedly drunk at a night club, dismissed the warning and told both men that since they were acting in civilian capacity they should not concern themselves with military matters.{{sfn|Rwehururu|2002|p=76}} The Israelis subsequently launched Operation Entebbe, rescuing the hostages and destroying a significant portion of the Uganda Army Air Force. Lumago was recalled from his diplomatic post back to Uganda later that year.{{cite news| title = Uganda : Idi Amin cracks down on ministers| newspaper = To the Point International| page = 26| volume = 5| date = 1978| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FH_hAAAAMAAJ}}{{efn|According to To the Point International, Luamgo's recall was viewed by international observers "as a move to reduce the influence of the then Minister of Defence, Major General Mustafa Adrisi".}}

In January 1977 Lumago, at the rank of general, was appointed Chief of Staff of the army and Minister of State for Defence.{{cite news| title = Uganda : Vice-President Appointed| newspaper = Africa Research Bulletin| date = January 1977| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oncEAQAAIAAJ| page = 4284}} Lumago did little to exercise responsibility over his ministerial portfolio. At the time, he was regarded as a follower of Adrisi who had been appointed Vice President.{{sfn|Otunnu|2016|p=313}} In early 1978, a political rivalry between Adrisi and President Idi Amin gradually escalated until the former was injured in a suspicious car accident. The Vice President was consequently flown to Egypt for treatment, whereupon Amin purged his followers from the government.{{sfn|Otunnu|2016|p=313}} In April 1978, Lumago was among those officers who were deeply criticised by Amin in a public radio broadcast.{{sfn|Omara-Otunnu|1987|p=140}} Afterwards, on 8 May he was dismissed as Chief of Staff and Minister of State for Defence and relegated to inspecting the equipment of the army's mechanised regiments.{{sfn|Otunnu|2016|p=313}}{{cite news| title = Ministerial Appointment and Military Promotions in Uganda| newspaper = Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa| date = 8 May 1978| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DB4sAQAAIAAJ}}

In 1979 Tanzanian forces and Ugandan rebels invaded Uganda and overthrew Amin. Lumago fled from his mansion in Koboko, which was subsequently destroyed.{{sfn|Rice|2003|p=3}} He went to Zaire, from where he organised remnants of the Uganda Army into a rebel force. Together with other pro-Amin groups, Lumago's force invaded the West Nile region in 1980, starting the Ugandan Bush War.{{sfn|Africa Confidential|1981|p=8}} He eventually rose to commander of the pro-Amin insurgent group known as Former Uganda National Army (FUNA). In July 1985, the Ugandan government under Tito Okello invited him and about 1,500 FUNA fighters to return. He accepted, joined Okello's government, and consequently began to fight against another rebel movement, the National Resistance Army (NRA) of Yoweri Museveni. Lumago set up his headquarters in a hotel in Kampala from where he gave interviews and directed his troops. Meanwhile, FUNA was accused of gross indiscipline, reportedly raping and murdering civilians in the capital and other areas, though Lumago denied these charges.{{cite news| last = Harden| first = Blaine| title = Ugandans Learn to Live With Chronic Tribal War | newspaper = The Washington Post| date = 20 January 1986| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/01/20/ugandans-learn-to-live-with-chronic-tribal-war/ab66ea0c-5abb-4e85-b55c-46ff78e493da/?noredirect=on |access-date=16 December 2019}} He also lobbied for an amnesty to allow Idi Amin to return to Uganda.{{cite news |author=United Press International | title = Amin's Generals Seek Amnesty for Him | newspaper = Los Angeles Times| date = 12 August 1985| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-12-mn-3930-story.html |access-date=7 January 2020}} Lumago's troops fought with the UNLA to defend Kampala from a NRA offensive in January 1986, but were defeated. He was forced to flee back into Zaire. Lumago still served as one of the commanders of FUNA by 1990, serving alongside Dusman Sabuni and Abdulatif Tiyua.{{sfn|International Court of Justice|2001|pp=181–182}} He later became an associate of the West Nile Bank Front. Despite appeals by Ugandan government officials to peacefully return to Uganda, Lumago initially refrained from laying down his weapons out of fears of reprisals due to his long opposition against Museveni.{{cite news| title = Taban Amin returns| newspaper = New Vision| date = 27 October 2003| url = https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1257377/taban-amin-returns |access-date=15 August 2020}} He continued to live in exile until 1997.{{sfn|Rice|2003|p=7}}

In late 2011 Lumago was made adviser to President Museveni for security in the West Nile sub-region. In 2012 Lumago fell ill and was taken to a medical clinic in Koboko. The clinic referred him to Arua Referral Hospital in Arua, where he was admitted to the intensive care unit. His health continued to deteriorate until he died on 8 May at the age of 73. Doctors suggested that he had died from high blood pressure.

Lumago was Christian by faith.{{sfn|Decalo|2019|loc=The Collapse of a Dictator}} By the time of his death, he had three wives and about thirty children.{{cite web| url = https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/general-isaac-lumago-dead| title = General Isaac Lumago Dead| last = Batre| first = Ronald| date = 9 May 2012| website = Uganda Radio Network| access-date =15 December 2019}} Lumago was a close friend of Andrew Mukooza, the last commander of the Uganda Army Air Force.{{cite news| last = Magembe| first = Muwonge| title = How Amin's pilot was killed| newspaper = New Vision| date = 15 October 2015| url = https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1410495/amin-pilot-killed |access-date=4 October 2019}}

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• {{cite book |title=Africa Confidential 22 |year=1981 |publisher=Miramoor Publications Limited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFIOAQAAMAAJ |ref={{harvid|Africa Confidential|1981}} }}
• {{cite book |title = Case concerning armed activities on the territory of Congo. Democratic Republic of the Congo v Uganda. Counter-Memorial submitted by the Republic of Uganda. Volume 1| publisher = International Court of Justice| date = 21 April 2001| url = https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/116/8320.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717113517/https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/116/8320.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2017| ref = {{harvid|International Court of Justice|2001}}}}
• {{cite book| last = Decalo| first = Samuel| title = Psychoses Of Power: African Personal Dictatorships| publisher = Routledge| date = 2019| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RKKqDwAAQBAJ | isbn = 9781000308501}}
• {{cite thesis |last= Lowman|first= Thomas James|date= 2020|title= Beyond Idi Amin: Causes and Drivers of Political Violence in Uganda, 1971-1979|type= PhD|publisher= Durham University|url= http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13439/1/Tom_Lowman_-_Thesis_Corrected_Draft.pdf?DDD17+|access-date=6 July 2020}}
• {{cite journal | last = Rice| first = Andrew| title = Thin| journal = Institute of Current World Affairs Letters | volume = AR| issue = 13| date = 1 September 2003 | url = http://www.icwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/AR-13.pdf}}
• {{cite book| last = Rwehururu| first = Bernard| title = Cross to the Gun| publisher = Monitor| date = 2002| location = Kampala| oclc = 50243051}}
• {{cite book |last1 = Omara-Otunnu |first1 = Amii |title= Politics and the Military in Uganda, 1890–1985 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I9evCwAAQBAJ |year = 1987 |publisher= Palgrave Macmillan |location= London |isbn= 978-1-349-18738-6 }}
• {{cite book |last = Otunnu |first = Ogenga |title= Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1890 to 1979 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aZDLDQAAQBAJ |date= 2016 |publisher= Palgrave Macmillan |location= Chicago |isbn= 978-3-319-33155-3 }}

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Category:1939 births

Category:2012 deaths

Category:Ugandan military personnel

Category:Ugandan exiles

Category:Ugandan Christians

Category:Sudanese Military College alumni

Category:People of the Ugandan Bush War