Isabella Eckerle
{{short description|German virologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| alma_mater = Heidelberg University
| workplaces = University Hospital Heidelberg
University of Bonn
| birth_place = Speyer
| known_for = Virology
| academic_advisors = Christian Drosten
}}
Isabella Eckerle is a German virologist who is the co-Head of the Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases at the Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva. Her research considers infectious diseases and the development of cell lines that allow a better understanding of their epidemiology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Eckerle studied the difference in response of adults and children to coronavirus disease.
Early life and education
Eckerle was born in Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate.{{Cite web|title=Cellosaurus - invitromaticists spotlight|url=https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/invitromaticists/|website=web.expasy.org|access-date=19 May 2020}} As a child she wanted to be a veterinarian or a field biologist, but ended up studying medicine at Heidelberg University. During her final year of medical school she visited Africa, which inspired her to work in infectious diseases. She decided to specialize in tropical pathogens, and spent her early medical career working in the Department of Tropical Medicine at the University Hospital Heidelberg. As a junior doctor Eckerle investigated the pathogenesis of travellers returning to Germany from abroad. She focussed on viruses of zoonotic origin.
Research and career
Eckerle moved to the University of Bonn Institute of Virology, where she worked with Christian Drosten on emerging zoonotic viruses.{{Cite web|title=Drosten Lab|url=https://virologie-ccm.charite.de/en/research/drosten_lab/|last=Semmler|first=Ilia|website=Institute of Virology|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}} Here Eckerle studied renal epithelial cell lines of various reservoir hosts, including bats, rodents and insectivores.{{Cite journal|last1=Eckerle|first1=Isabella|last2=Ehlen|first2=Lukas|last3=Kallies|first3=René|last4=Wollny|first4=Robert|last5=Corman|first5=Victor M.|last6=Cottontail|first6=Veronika M.|last7=Tschapka|first7=Marco|last8=Oppong|first8=Samuel|last9=Drosten|first9=Christian|last10=Müller|first10=Marcel A.|date=13 January 2014|title=Bat Airway Epithelial Cells: A Novel Tool for the Study of Zoonotic Viruses|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=e84679|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0084679|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3890267|pmid=24454736|bibcode=2014PLoSO...984679E|doi-access=free}} Until the works of Eckerle, the isolation of bat-borne viruses in cell culture had been challenging. Eckerle created an experimental approach to instantly freeze the organs of specimens, so-called cryo-conservation, allowing her access to cells from a variety of rare species. She visited Ghana and Gabon as part of field work missions to study and collect bat species.
In 2018 Eckerle was made a Professor at the University of Geneva, where she studies exotic cell lines. Eckerle works with other physicians, veterinarians and microbiologists, to better understand the epidemiology of emerging viruses.{{Cite web|title=[993] Emerging viruses|url=https://www.unige.ch/medecine/demed/en/groupes-de-recherche/isabella-eckerle/|date=5 June 2018|website=www.unige.ch|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}} Eckerle looks to develop cell culture models to better understand the epidemiology of emerging diseases. She has made use of artificial intelligence to generate the cell lines of small mammals from a diverse range of geographical locations, and then allows viruses to replicate in these algorithm-generated cell cultures in controlled laboratory setting. Using these cell lines, Eckerle demonstrated that ungulates, including goats and camels, were likely intermediate hosts of middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).{{Cite web|title=MERS: Getting a Handle on a Serious Zoonotic Coronavirus Infection|url=https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/226/mers-getting-a-handle-on-a-serious-zoonotic-coronavirus-infection-2/|date=15 June 2014|website=GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News|language=en-US|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420010749/https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/226/mers-getting-a-handle-on-a-serious-zoonotic-coronavirus-infection-2/|url-status=dead}}
At the Geneva University Hospitals, she is co-head of the Center for Emerging Viral Diseases.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 October 2020|title=Organisation du laboratoire de virologie à Genève aux HUG {{!}} HUG - Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève|url=https://www.hug.ch/laboratoire-virologie/organisation|access-date=21 October 2020|website=www.hug.ch|language=fr}}
In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, Eckerle was one of several Swiss physicians who requested access to the Early Warning and Response System; the European Union's network that looks to track the spread of infectious diseases.{{Cite news|date=28 January 2020|title=Swiss seek access to EU early-warning system as coronavirus spreads|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-swiss-idUSKBN1ZR24M|access-date=19 May 2020}} She argued that better epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment options were essential in the global fight against coronavirus disease.{{Cite journal|last1=Vetter|first1=Pauline|last2=Eckerle|first2=Isabella|last3=Kaiser|first3=Laurent|date=19 February 2020|title=Covid-19: a puzzle with many missing pieces|journal=BMJ|volume=368|language=en|pages=m627|doi=10.1136/bmj.m627|pmid=32075791|issn=1756-1833|doi-access=free}} In late April 2020, a serological antibody test in Geneva revealed that only 5.5% of the population had been exposed to the disease, which Eckerle described as "smaller than hoped for,".{{Cite web|title=Geneva Covid-19 study: undetected cases, but too few for herd immunity|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/serological-test_antibody-test-results-suggest-6x-more-covid-19-infections-in-geneva/45712418|website=swissinfo.ch|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}} Eckerle investigated the different responses of adults and children to coronavirus disease.{{Cite web|title=The Lurking Mystery of the Pandemic: Why Is It Gentler on Children?|url=https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/coronavirus-mystery-why-less-fatal-children/323827/|date=10 May 2020|website=OZY|access-date=19 May 2020}}{{Cite web|title=Enfants et contagion: une nouvelle étude questionne les certitudes de l'OFSP|url=https://www.rts.ch/info/sciences-tech/11291914-enfants-et-contagion-une-nouvelle-etude-questionne-les-certitudes-de-l-ofsp.html|date=1 May 2020|website=rts.ch|language=fr|access-date=19 May 2020}} In particular, Eckerle studied the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tracts of neonates, children and teenagers. In early May, Eckerle reported that children who fell ill with coronavirus disease were just as infectious as adults.{{Cite web|title=Should schools reopen? Kids' role in pandemic still a mystery|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/should-schools-reopen-kids-role-pandemic-still-mystery|last1=Vogel|first1=Gretchen|last2=Couzin-Frankel|first2=Jennifer|date=4 May 2020|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}}{{Cite web|title=Germany reopens schools, endangering thousands of lives|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/05/09/scho-m09.html|last=Arens|first=Marianne|website=www.wsws.org|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}} She investigated the viral loads of children and adults, and showed that whilst children can have a more mild form of the disease, there was little difference between the number of SARS-CoV-2 particles carried by adults and children.{{Cite news |last1=Staton |first1=Bethan |date=8 May 2020 |title=Effects of coronavirus in children adds to list of Covid-19 unknowns |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/099434b1-c578-4b6a-b81b-e69d4460f050 |url-access=subscription |access-date=19 May 2020}} She was awarded funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation to investigate the reaction of the pulmonary epithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection, in an effort to create diagnostic guidelines that help healthcare workers evaluate whether someone will contract a mild or severe form of disease.{{Cite web|title=Le FNS encourage 36 nouveaux projets de recherche sur les coronavirus - SNF|url=http://www.snf.ch/fr/pointrecherche/newsroom/Pages/news-200518-coronavirus-36-projets-de-recherche.aspx|website=www.snf.ch|access-date=19 May 2020}}
Selected publications
- {{Cite journal|last=Corman, V.M. (Victor) Eckerle, I. Bleicker, T. Zaki, A. Landt, O. Eschbach-Bludau, M. (Monika) Boheemen, S. (Sander) van Gopal, R. (Robin) Ballhause, M. Bestebroer, T.M. (Theo) Muth, D. Müller, M.A. (Marcel) Drexler, J.-F. (Jan-Felix) Zambon, M.C. (Maria) Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. (Albert) Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron) Drosten, C. (Christian)|title=Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction|journal=Euro Surveillance |date=1 September 2012|volume=17|issue=39|doi=10.2807/ese.17.39.20285-en|pmid=23041020|oclc=957098828|doi-access=free|hdl=1765/87211|hdl-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal|last1=Müller|first1=Marcel A.|last2=Raj|first2=V. Stalin|last3=Muth|first3=Doreen|last4=Meyer|first4=Benjamin|last5=Kallies|first5=Stephan|last6=Smits|first6=Saskia L.|last7=Wollny|first7=Robert|last8=Bestebroer|first8=Theo M.|last9=Specht|first9=Sabine|last10=Suliman|first10=Tasnim|last11=Zimmermann|first11=Katrin|date=31 December 2012|title=Human Coronavirus EMC Does Not Require the SARS-Coronavirus Receptor and Maintains Broad Replicative Capability in Mammalian Cell Lines|journal=mBio|language=en|volume=3|issue=6|doi=10.1128/mBio.00515-12|issn=2150-7511|pmid=23232719|pmc=3520110}}
- {{Cite journal|last1=Eckerle|first1=Isabella|last2=Corman|first2=Victor M.|last3=Müller|first3=Marcel A.|last4=Lenk|first4=Matthias|last5=Ulrich|first5=Rainer G.|last6=Drosten|first6=Christian|date=February 2014|title=Replicative Capacity of MERS Coronavirus in Livestock Cell Lines|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=20|issue=2|pages=276–9|doi=10.3201/eid2002.131182|pmid=24457147|pmc=3901466|issn=1080-6040}}
References
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Category:Heidelberg University alumni
Category:Academic staff of the University of Geneva