Isaiah 36

File:Lachish Relief, British Museum 6.jpg, depicting Sennacherib's siege against Lachish. British Museum.]]

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35–37}}

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):

• 1QIsa^a: complete
• 4QIsa^b (4Q56): extant: verses 1–2

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73–74}}

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.As implemented in the [http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English]. Isaiah 36 is a part of the Narrative (Isaiah 36–39). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

: {S} 36:1–10 {S} 36:11–16a {P} 36:16b–22 כי כה אמר {S}

Chapters 36–37 cuts into the historical narrative in {{bibleverse|2 Kings|18:13–19:38|NKJV}} to the time after Hezekiah sent tributes to appease Sennacherib ({{bibleverse|2 Kings|18:13–16|NKJV}}) {{snd}} a 'treachery' that Isaiah already prophesied several times ({{bibleverse|Isaiah|21:2|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Isaiah|24:16|KJV}}; {{bibleverse-nb|Isaiah|33:1|KJV}}) {{snd}} yet failed to stop the Assyrians from attacking Jerusalem.{{sfn|Motyer|2015|p=276}} This sets up for a demonstration of Yahweh's power, and thus, "put the rock of history under the fabric of eschatology."{{sfn|Motyer|2015|p=276}}

{{multiple image

| footer_align = center

| footer = Sennacherib's Annals of his military campaign (704–681 BC), including his invasion into the Kingdom of Judah

| image1 = Taylor Prism-1.jpg

| width1 = 80

| alt1 = British Museum

| caption1 = Taylor Prism, London

| image2 = Six-sided clay prism, side 3, written on behalf of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and containing narratives of his military campaigns, 704-681 BC - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago - DSC07602.JPG

| width2 = 111

| alt2 = Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago

| caption2 = Oriental Institute Prism, Chicago

| image3 = Sennacherib's Prism in the Israel Museum (2).JPG

| width3 = 92

| alt3 = Israel Museum

| caption3 = Jerusalem Prism, Israel

}}

:Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of Judah, and took them.{{bibleverse|Isaiah|36:1|KJV}} KJV

Based on Sennacherib's Annals which contain the record of the same event, the time referred here can be determined to be 701 BCE.{{sfn|Coggins|2007|p=463}} The text here omits the admission of defeat and the payment for substantial reparations by Hezekiah to Sennacherib, which is recorded in {{bibleverse|2 Kings|18:14-16|KJV}}.{{sfn|Coggins|2007|p=463}}

• "Defenced cities": or "fortified cities" of Judah, forty six cities in total, were besieged and captured by Sennacherib, along with many smaller towns, according to the record of his annals.{{sfn|Motyer|2015|p=276}}

:And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem to King Hezekiah with a large army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool on the highway of the fuller's field.{{bibleref2|Isaiah|36:2|NASB}} NASB

• "Rabshakeh" (from {{langx|he|רבשקה}}, {{Strong-number|Rabshaqeh|H|7262}}[https://biblehub.com/text/isaiah/36-2.htm Hebrew Text Analysis: Isaiah 36:2] Biblehub): or "field commander" (also "chief cup-bearer");{{sfn|Motyer|2015|p=276}} perhaps "chief of the officers" among the Assyrian military leaders.[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7262.htm Strong's Concordance: 7262. Rabshaqeh]. Biblehub
• "The conduit of the upper pool": The confrontation took place at the same location where Isaiah confronted Ahaz in Isaiah 7:3, so it presents a great contrast between 'the renegade behavior of Ahaz and the appropriate response from Hezekiah'.{{sfn|Coggins|2007|p=463}}

In his second speech, the Rabshakeh arrogantly addresses the people directly using the language they understand, reminding them that politicians declare wars, but people bear the suffering (verse 11–13), advising them not to trust Hezekiah with his futile faith in his God (verses 14–17), but then the Rabshakeh continues to equate Israel's god with the gods of other nations and to belittle the god's ability to save Jerusalem (verses 18–20).{{sfn|Motyer|2015|p=278}} The people appropriately respond to the arrogance with silence (verse 21).{{sfn|Coggins|2007|p=463}}

:Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.{{bibleverse|Isaiah|36:22|KJV}} KJV

• "With their clothes rent": A common display of grief among the Jews (cf. {{bibleverse|2 Samuel|3:31|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|1 Kings|21:27|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Ezra|9:3|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Job|1:20|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Job|2:12|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|36:24|KJV}}; also in the New Testament period: {{bibleverse|Matthew |26:65|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Acts|14:14|KJV}}).Barnes, Albert. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/isaiah/36.htm Notes on the Bible - Isaiah 36]. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884.

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Babylonian Chronicles
• Eponym dating system
• Kingdom of Judah
• Pool of Bethesda}}
• Related Bible parts: 2 Kings 18, 2 Kings 19, 2 Kings 20, {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|29|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|30|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|31|KJV}}, 2 Chronicles 32, Isaiah 22, Isaiah 30, Isaiah 37, Isaiah 38, Isaiah 39, 1 John 4

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|last= Coggins | first= R | chapter = 22. Isaiah | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 433–486 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book | last = Motyer | first = J. Alec | title = The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction & Commentary | publisher = InterVarsity Press | year = 2015 | isbn = 9780830895243 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p3R3CwAAQBAJ }}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1036.htm Isaiah 36 Hebrew with Parallel English]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=27&c=36 Isaiah 36 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]

{{Book of Isaiah}}

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