Ischial spine

{{short description|Part of the posterior border of the body of the ischium bone of the pelvis}}

{{Infobox bone

| Name = Ischial spine

| Latin = spina ischiadica
spina ischiaca
spina ischialis

| Image = Gray343.png

| Caption = Capsule of hip-joint (distended). Posterior aspect. (Spine of ischium labeled at upper left.)

| Image2 = Gray341.png

| Caption2 = Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis. (Spine of ischium labeled at center left.)

}}

The ischial spine is part of the posterior border of the body of the ischium bone of the pelvis. It is a thin and pointed triangular eminence, more or less elongated in different subjects.

Structure

class="wikitable" !Part !Attachment
external surface	gemellus superior muscle{{Citation\|last=Chaitow\|first=Leon\|title=Chapter 12 - The hip\|date=2011-01-01\|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443068157000127\|work=Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques, Volume 2 (Second Edition)\|pages=391–445\|editor-last=Chaitow\|editor-first=Leon\|place=Oxford\|publisher=Churchill Livingstone\|language=en\|doi=10.1016/b978-0-443-06815-7.00012-7\|isbn=978-0-443-06815-7\|access-date=2021-02-19\|last2=DeLany\|first2=Judith\|editor2-last=DeLany\|editor2-first=Judith\|url-access=subscription}}
internal surface	coccygeus muscle,{{Citation\|last=Bharucha\|first=ADIL E.\|title=Chapter 13 - Autonomic and Somatic Systems to the Anorectum and Pelvic Floor\|date=2005-01-01\|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721694917500168\|work=Peripheral Neuropathy (Fourth Edition)\|pages=279–298\|editor-last=Dyck\|editor-first=Peter J.\|place=Philadelphia\|publisher=W.B. Saunders\|language=en\|doi=10.1016/b978-0-7216-9491-7.50016-8\|isbn=978-0-7216-9491-7\|access-date=2021-02-19\|last2=Klingele\|first2=CHRISTOPHER J.\|editor2-last=Thomas\|editor2-first=P. K.\|url-access=subscription}} levator ani muscle, pelvic fascia
pointed extremity	sacrospinous ligament

The pudendal nerve travels close to the ischial spine.{{Citation|last=Christo|first=Paul J.|title=Chapter 29 - PELVIC PAIN|date=2009-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416048367000298|work=Current Therapy in Pain|pages=216–227|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=HOWARD S.|place=Philadelphia|publisher=W.B. Saunders|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-1-4160-4836-7.00029-8|isbn=978-1-4160-4836-7|access-date=2021-02-19|last2=Hobelmann|first2=Greg|url-access=subscription}}

Clinical significance

The ischial spine can serve as a landmark in pudendal anesthesia, as the pudendal nerve lies close to the ischial spine.{{cite web |url=http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/reproductive_system/perineum_case.html |title=Clinical Case - Perineum & External Genitalia |access-date=2009-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717071915/http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/reproductive_system/perineum_case.html |archive-date=2011-07-17 |url-status=dead }}

Additional images

File:Sciatic notches.png|Right hip bone, external surface, showing the greater and lesser sciatic notches, separated by the ischial spine

File:Gray319.png|Articulations of pelvis. Anterior view.

File:Slide3ADA.JPG|Pelvis. Anterior view.

File:Ischial spine - animation02-1.gif|Animation showing the ischial spine (highlighted in red)

References

Category:Bones of the pelvis

Category:Ischium