Isfahan Seminary
{{short description|Islamic seminary (hawza) in Iran}}
File:Madrasa of Shah Mosque Isfahan 2014 (1).jpg
The Isfahan Seminary (Persian: حوزه علمیه اصفهان) is one of the oldest seminaries in Isfahan, Iran. Currently, more than 40 schools in Isfahan province are under the supervision of the Management Center of Isfahan Seminary and the leadership of the supreme authority of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Mazaheri.
History
Isfahan Seminary has gone through four periods from the beginning until now. The first period is in the time of Buyid dynasty, in which great figures such as Avicenna and Al-Biruni taught in this seminary. The second period is in the Seljuk dynasty, in which the schools of this seminary expanded a lot. The third period is in the Safavid dynasty, which due to the transfer of the capital to Isfahan and the special attention of the Safavid kings, this seminary reached its peak of prosperity. The fourth period is from the end of the Safavid era to the present era.
{{cite web
|url = https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details?id=8200
|title = حوزه علمیه اصفهان - دانشنامه جهان اسلام
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|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
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=Overview of Isfahan=
The conquest of Isfahan took place in 643 CE (23 AH) during the caliphate of Omar
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|last = بلاذری
|first = احمدبن یحیی
|author-link = Al-Baladhuri
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|title = فتوح البلدان
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and its rulers were appointed by the caliphs for up to three hundred years. Therefore, this city was the capital during the time of Buyid dynasty and the Seljuk Empire.
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|last = کیهان
|first = مسعود
|author-link =
|date =
|title = جغرافیای کامل ایران
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|volume = 1
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During the Seljuk era, it developed rapidly and became one of the most important cities in Iran. Describing Isfahan in the second half of the fourth century AH and referring to silk textiles and its cotton, saffron and various fruits that were exported to other places, Ibn Hawqal says: From Iraq to Khorasan, there was no larger commercial city than Isfahan, except Ray.
{{cite book
|last = سلطان زاده
|first = حسین
|author-link =
|date =
|title = مقدمه‌ای بر تاریخ شهر و شهرنشینی در ایران
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|publisher = به نقل از صورة الارض، ص۱۰۶
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|page = 94
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This situation continued to grow until the invasion of Timur caused the destruction and collapse of a number of cities and towns in Iran. In Isfahan, he ordered the erection of minarets over the heads of 70,000 victims.
{{cite book
|last = ابن‌عبر شاه
|first = احمد بن محمد
|author-link =
|date =
|title = زندگانی شگفت‌آور تیمور
|url =
|location =
|publisher = ترجمه محمدعلی نجاتی، بنگاه ترجمه و نشر کتاب ۱۳۳۹
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 50
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In 1591 CE (1000 AH), the Safavid capital was moved from Qazvin to Isfahan, and Isfahan once again became one of the most prosperous cities in Iran. In addition to being a socio-political center, it was also a cultural-scientific center and had a large seminary with high-ranking scholars in the Shiite world.
{{cite web
|url = https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF-36/3462607-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86
|title = انتقال پایتخت از قزوین به اصفهان
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|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
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{{cite web
|url = http://wikifeqh.ir/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86
|title = حوزه علمیه اصفهان - ویکی فقه
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
=Establishment period=
According to what has been narrated in history, the first period of the Isfahan Seminary dates back to the reign of Buyid dynasty. When Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar was the ruler of Isfahan, Avicenna went to him.
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|last = فقیهی
|first = اصغر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = آل بویه
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|page = 301
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While serving in the time of Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar in Isfahan, Avicenna also taught despite his ministerial duties. Isfahan school is a relic of that period.
{{cite book
|last = سلطان‌زاده
|first = حسین
|author-link =
|date =
|title = تاریخ مدارس ایران
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|language = fa
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|page = 99
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{{cite journal
| last = شبلی
| first = نعمان
| date =
| title = آموزش قدیم در کشورهای اسلامی، ترجمه فخر داعی
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| language = fa
| journal = آموزش و پرورش، سال نهم، شماره ۳
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| issue = 3
| pages = 30
| doi =
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{{cite book
|last = رفیعی مهرآبادی
|first = ابوالقاسم
|author-link =
|date =
|title = آثار ملی اصفهان
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 431
|isbn =
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=Period of turmoil=
This period coincides with the Seljuk era. In this era, Nizam al-Mulk proposed the movement of building schools and religious-political competitions, so the history of the Shiite seminary is not very clear. Although Hossein Soltanzadeh
{{cite web
|url = https://civilica.com/p/176231/
|title = رزومه علمی جناب آقای حسین سلطان زاده - صفحه اختصاصی
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|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
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the author of the History of Iranian schools
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|url = https://www.gisoom.com/book/125998/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86/
|title = کتاب تاریخ مدارس ایران ازعهدباستان تا تاسیس دارالفنون [چ1] -کتاب گیسوم
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
has mentioned six schools in this era, it is doubtful that they are Shiites. It can be said that Iran has been in political and cultural turmoil since the second half of the fifth century AH, from the Mongol invasion (1219–1221 CE) to the time of Ghazan Khan, one of the Ilkhanate kings (1295-1304 CE). Until he came to power and converted from Buddhism to Islam and change his name to Mahmoud and disobeyed the great Mongol empire based in China. To improve the situation in the country, Ghazan Khan enacted a series of far-reaching reforms and laws and regulations that produced brilliant results.
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|last = هنرفر
|first = لطف‌الله
|author-link =
|date =
|title = اصفهان
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|volume =
|page = 160
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{{cite book
|last = اشپولر
|first = برتولد
|author-link =
|date =
|title = تاریخ مغول در ایران، ترجمه دکتر محمود میرآفتاب
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|page = 315
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Following Ghazan Khan, nearly 100,000 Mongols converted to Islam,
{{cite book
|last = اقبال آشتیانی
|first = عباس
|author-link = Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani
|date =
|title = تاریخ مغول
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|language = fa
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|page = 256
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and his successor, Öljaitü (1304-1316 CE), was nicknamed Muhammad Khodabandeh by the Shiites on the occasion of his conversion to the Shiite religion.
{{cite book
|last = اقبال آشتیانی
|first = عباس
|author-link = Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani
|date =
|title = تاریخ مغول
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|language = fa
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Thus, until the extinction of the Ilkhanid dynasty of Iran, Islam was the official religion of the Ilkhanate government and its reign was based on Islamic law and customs.
{{cite book
|last = اقبال آشتیانی
|first = عباس
|author-link = Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani
|date =
|title = تاریخ مغول
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|publisher =
|language = fa
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|page = 259
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=Boom period=
This period is one of the most prosperous periods of the Isfahan Seminary. With the invitation of the scholars and scientists of Jabal Amel to Iran and the centralization of Isfahan in the Safavid era, the seminary of Isfahan reached its peak of prosperity. The opposite point of the prosperity period -when the movement of building schools was begun by Nizam al-Mulk to promote the Shafiʽi school- in the third period of the Isfahan Seminary, the movement of building Shiite religious schools took place and dozens of schools were established in the most remote parts of Iran. But the spread of superstitions and moral corruption and turning to the world and material manifestations, disregard for science and literature provided the causes of Safavid decline. Jabal Amel, which has long been a Shiite Imami University and a center for educating scholars in various Islamic sciences such as hadith and Fiqh, Tafsir, Kalam and ethics, paved the way for the prosperity of Shiite thought with Shah Ismail's tendency to Shiism and the invitation of Shiite jurists. However, the history of Shiism in Iran dates back to the first and second centuries AH (622-816 CE).
{{cite book
|last = المهاجر
|first = جعفر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = الهجرة العاملیة الی ایران فی العصر الصفوی
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|language = ar
|volume =
|page = 66
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=The period of confrontation with governments=
The fourth period of Isfahan seminary is equal to the governments of Afsharid dynasty, Zand dynasty, Qajar dynasty and Pahlavi dynasty. The rulers of these regimes were incompetent and lowly people and did not pay attention to culture and science, and their only goal was to "accumulate treasures" and "give concessions" to foreign countries.
{{cite book
|last = دروویل
|first = گاسپار
|author-link =
|date =
|title = سفرنامه دروویل، ترجمه جواد یحیی
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Economic poverty led to the acceptance of any kind of contract with foreign governments and led to cultural invasion. Among the agreements was the acceptance of the establishment of foreign schools in Iran, which some countries such as Britain, Germany, France and Russia established in Iran. Setareye Sobh School was one of the schools that opened in Isfahan in September 1910, while Julfa School used to train students in this city.
{{cite book
|last = غفاری
|first = ابوالحسن
|author-link =
|date =
|title = تاریخ روابط ایران و فرانسه
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|language = fa
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|page = 155
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=Safavid period=
During the Safavid period, due to the severe pressures on the Shiites in the Ottoman Empire, some Shiite scholars of Jabal Amel emigrated to Iran to seize the opportunity of this political opening and to promote the Shiite religion.
{{cite book
|last = مهاجر
|first = جعفر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = الهجرة العاملية إلی ايران في العصر الصفوي
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Shah Tahmasb Safavid (r. 1524–1576) played the most important role in welcoming these immigrant scholars. Some of these scholars played a role in the formation of the Isfahan Seminary. During the reign of Shah Tahmasb, due to the Shah's special care for the Ulama and also his personal belief and commitment to the rules of Sharia, the Shiite scientific fields flourished and gained special influence. After Shah Tahmasb, during the reign of Shah Ismail II (r. 1576–1577) due to the Shah's tendency to Sunni, Shiite scholars were isolated and even the Shah tried to kill them. After Shah Ismail II in the reign of Mohammad Khodabanda (r. 1578–1587) no attention was paid to the seminary. With the establishment of the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavid (r. 1588–1629) and his actions, Shiite scholars gained more influence, so much so that it can be said that the Isfahan Seminary was actually established during his time.
{{cite book
|last = افندی اصفهانی
|first = عبداللّه بن عیسی
|author-link =
|date = 1980
|title = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ احمد حسینی
|language =
|volume = 3
|pages = 455–460
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 4
|pages = 363
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 321–323
|isbn =
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=Afsharid period=
Following the capture of Isfahan by Mahmud Afghan and the subsequent rise to power of Nader Shah Afshar (r. 1736–1747) and the insecurity of the city, the Isfahan Seminary lost its former prosperity, forcing a number of scholars to emigrate to other cities.
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
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|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 360–362
|isbn =
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{{cite book
|last = سبحانی
|first = جعفر
|author-link = Ja'far Sobhani
|date =
|title = موسوعة طبقات الفقهاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = مؤسسة الامام الصادق
|language =
|volume = 12
|page = 380
|isbn =
}}
=Qajar period=
During the Qajar period (r. 1789–1925), the chair of teaching jurisprudence and principles in the seminary of Isfahan was prosperous. During this period, most scholars learned their education and levels in this city and migrated to the newly prosperous Hawza Najaf to complete their education. Of course, some of them returned to Isfahan after earning a degree in ijtihad and achieving a high level of education, and began teaching and holding other religious affairs. This commuting caused Isfahan to continue to be a pioneer in educating eminent mujtahids.
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
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|volume = 7
|pages = 145–147
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=Pahlavi period=
In fact, from this time on, Isfahan Seminary officially became one of the subordinate seminary of the Hawza Najaf, and the learned professors of Najaf settled in this city and provided its scientific achievements to the students. The Isfahan region has lost its prosperity in Pahlavi dynasty decades, especially following the policies of the first Pahlavi.
=Current situation=
In the last one or two decades, Isfahan Seminary has benefited from the scientific achievements of Qom Seminary and its prominent professors are the graduates of this seminary, as well as Hawza Najaf.
Famous alumnuses
File:Entrance iwan of Nimavard Madrasa.jpg
Isfahan Seminary is one of the rare seminaries that has accepted the most scientific migration of Islamic scholars and scientists. Here are some of the men in this field:
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.wikishia.net/view/حوزه_علمیه_اصفهان
|title = حوزه علمیه اصفهان - ويکی شيعه
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
- Mir Damad
- Baha' al-din al-'Amili
- Mohammad Taqi Majlesi
{{cite web
|url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/majlesi-molla-mohammad-taqi-b-maqsud-ali-esfahani
|title = MAJLESI, MOḤAMMAD-TAQI – Encyclopaedia Iranica
|trans-title =
|language = en
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
- Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
- Nematollah Jazayeri
- Ahmad Bidabadi{{cite web
|url = https://takhtefoulad.ir/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C/Mashahir?ItemId=1104
|title = شیخ احمد مجتهد بیدآبادی
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
|archive-date = 11 May 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210511204049/https://takhtefoulad.ir/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C/Mashahir?ItemId=1104
|url-status = dead
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C
|title = محمدعلی شاه‌آبادی - ويکی شيعه
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C
|title = سید حسین خادمی - ويکی شيعه
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
=Women=
=High level Shiite authorities=
Some of the most prominent Shiite authorities and jurists reached higher levels in Isfahan Seminary and then went to Najaf to complete their education; These include:
{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 6
|pages = 54–56
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 331–335
|isbn =
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/130/6201/65854/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7
|title = مسجد شاهی، محمدرضا
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|page = 16
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مدرس تبریزی
|first = محمدعلی
|author-link = Mohammad Ali Modarres Khiabani
|date = 1995
|title = ریحانه الادب
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|page = 252
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = تهرانی
|first = آقابزرگ
|author-link = Agha Bozorg Tehrani
|date =
|title = طبقات اعلام الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 747–753
|isbn =
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C
|title = سید جمال‌الدین گلپایگانی - ويکی شيعه
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
{{cite book
|last = تهرانی
|first = آقابزرگ
|author-link = Agha Bozorg Tehrani
|date =
|title = طبقات اعلام الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 1
|page = 309
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 4
|page = 206
|isbn =
}}
=Scientific and jurisprudential personalities=
{{cite web
|url = https://alefbalib.com/Metadata/644640/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C
|title = عبدالله بن محسن اعرجی - کتابخانه مجازی الفبا
|trans-title =
|language = fa
|access-date = 26 July 2021
}}
{{cite book
|last = تهرانی
|first = آقابزرگ
|author-link = Agha Bozorg Tehrani
|date =
|title = طبقات اعلام الشیعه
|url =
|location = قسم۳
|publisher =
|language =
|volume =
|page = 1210
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = تهرانی
|first = آقابزرگ
|author-link = Agha Bozorg Tehrani
|date =
|title = طبقات اعلام الشیعه
|url =
|location = قسم۲
|publisher =
|language =
|volume =
|pages = 721–722
|isbn =
}}
Influential masters of the ''Isfahan Seminary''
File:مدرسه چهارباغ اصفهان 04.jpg, one of the Isfahan Seminary schools]]
- Sheikh Ali Menshar, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = واله اصفهانی
|first = محمدیوسف
|author-link =
|date = 1993
|title = خلدبرین: ایران در روزگار صفویان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ میرهاشم محدث
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 430
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = واله اصفهانی
|first = محمدیوسف
|author-link =
|date = 1993
|title = خلدبرین: ایران در روزگار صفویان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ میرهاشم محدث
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 433–434
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مجلسی
|first = محمدتقی بن مقصود علی
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضه المتقین فی شرح مَن لایحضُرُه الفقیه
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ حسن موسوی کرمانی و علی پناه اشتهاردی
|language =
|volume = 14
|page = 382
|isbn =
}}
- Baha' al-din al-'Amili, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = مجلسی
|first = محمدتقی بن مقصود علی
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضه المتقین فی شرح مَن لایحضُرُه الفقیه
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ حسن موسوی کرمانی و علی پناه اشتهاردی
|language =
|volume = 14
|page = 434
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = واله اصفهانی
|first = محمدیوسف
|author-link =
|date = 1993
|title = خلدبرین: ایران در روزگار صفویان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ میرهاشم محدث
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 437–443
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = واله اصفهانی
|first = محمدیوسف
|author-link =
|date = 1993
|title = خلدبرین: ایران در روزگار صفویان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ میرهاشم محدث
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 438–439
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|pages = 327–338
|isbn =
}}
- Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = واله اصفهانی
|first = محمدیوسف
|author-link =
|date = 1993
|title = خلدبرین: ایران در روزگار صفویان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ میرهاشم محدث
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 417–419
|isbn =
}}
- Mir Fendereski, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = افندی اصفهانی
|first = عبداللّه بن عیسی
|author-link =
|date = 1980
|title = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ احمد حسینی
|language =
|volume = 5
|pages = 499–501
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 4
|page = 411
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = قمی
|first = عباس
|author-link = Abbas Qomi
|date = 2006
|title = الفوائد الرضویه فی احوال علماءالمذهب الجعفریه
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ ناصر باقری بیدهندی
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 706–707
|isbn =
}}
- Rajab Ali Tabrizi, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = نصرآبادی
|first = محمدطاهر
|author-link =
|date = 1999
|title = تذکره نصرآبادی
|url =
|location = یزد
|publisher = چاپ احمد مدقّق یزدی
|language =
|volume =
|page = 223
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مدرس تبریزی
|first = محمدعلی
|author-link = Mohammad Ali Modarres Khiabani
|date = 1995
|title = ریحانه الادب
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 6
|page = 128
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خاتون آبادی
|first = عبدالحسین بن محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date = 1973
|title = وقایع السنین و الاعوام، یا، گزارش‌های سالیانه از ابتدای خلقت تا سال ۱۱۹۵ هجری
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ محمدباقر بهبودی
|language =
|volume =
|page = 532
|isbn =
}}
- Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 4
|pages = 118–120
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = تهرانی
|first = آقابزرگ
|author-link = Agha Bozorg Tehrani
|date = 1983
|title = الذریعه الی تصانیف الشیعه
|url =
|location = بیروت
|publisher = چاپ علی نقی منزوی و احمد منزوی
|language =
|volume = 10
|page = 27
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = نصرآبادی
|first = محمدطاهر
|author-link =
|date = 1999
|title = تذکره نصرآبادی
|url =
|location = یزد
|publisher = چاپ احمد مدقّق یزدی
|language =
|volume =
|page = 220
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = افندی اصفهانی
|first = عبداللّه بن عیسی
|author-link =
|date = 1980
|title = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ احمد حسینی
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 57–60
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|pages = 93–96
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 346–349
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 3
|pages = 269–274
|isbn =
}}
- Qazi Jafar ibn Abdollah Kamareh'ee, 12th century AH
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|pages = 192–193
|isbn =
}}
- Seyyed Nematollah Jazayeri, 12th century AH
- Mohsen Fayz Kashani, 12th century AH
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 6
|page = 80
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = افندی اصفهانی
|first = عبداللّه بن عیسی
|author-link =
|date = 1980
|title = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ احمد حسینی
|language =
|volume = 1
|page = 114
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|pages = 106–110
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|page = 352
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = جناب اصفهانی
|first = علی
|author-link =
|date = 1992
|title = الاصفهان (رجال و مشاهیر اصفهان)
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = چاپ عباس نصر
|language =
|volume =
|page = 191
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = افندی اصفهانی
|first = عبداللّه بن عیسی
|author-link =
|date = 1980
|title = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ احمد حسینی
|language =
|volume = 1
|page = 13
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|pages = 111–118
|isbn =
}}
- Hazin Lahiji, 12th century AH
- Mohammad Sadeq Tonekaboni, 12th century AH
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 7
|page = 106
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 4
|pages = 247–249
|isbn =
}}
- Mohammad Bagher ibn Hassan Khalifeh Soltani, Nader Shah era{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 9
|page = 188
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|page = 88
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = خوانساری
|first = محمدباقر
|author-link =
|date =
|title = روضات الجنان فی احوال العلماء
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 1
|page = 119
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = تهرانی
|first = آقابزرگ
|author-link = Agha Bozorg Tehrani
|date =
|title = طبقات اعلام الشیعه
|url =
|location = طبقات: الکرام، قسم ۳
|publisher =
|language =
|volume =
|page = 292
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 2
|page = 405
|isbn =
}}
- Mulla Ali ibn Mulla Jamshid Noori, Qajar era
{{cite book
|last = مدرس تبریزی
|first = محمدعلی
|author-link = Mohammad Ali Modarres Khiabani
|date = 1995
|title = ریحانه الادب
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 6
|pages = 261–262
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 1988
|title = بیان سُبُل الهدایه فی ذکر اعقاب صاحب الهدایه، یا، تاریخ علمی و اجتماعی اصفهان در دو قرن اخیر
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 1
|pages = 132–138–144–146
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = جناب اصفهانی
|first = علی
|author-link =
|date = 1992
|title = الاصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = چاپ عباس نصر
|language =
|volume =
|page = 103
|isbn =
}}
- Hossein Mazaheri, recent era
- Mohammad Ali Naseri, recent era
Courses
Most Islamic sciences are taught periodically and at very high levels in the schools of Isfahan Seminary, the most important of which are the following:
- Fiqh and Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
- Hadith studies
- Philosophy and Rational Sciences
{{cite book
|last = امین
|first = سید محسن
|author-link = Al-Sayyed Mohsen al-Amin
|date =
|title = اعیان الشیعه
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 8
|page = 31
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = موحدابطحی
|first = حجت
|author-link =
|date = 1997
|title = ریشه‌ها و جلوه‌‌های تشیع و حوزه علمیه اصفهان در طول تاریخ
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume = 2
|page = 485
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = افندی اصفهانی
|first = عبداللّه بن عیسی
|author-link =
|date = 1980
|title = ریاض العلماء و حیاض الفضلاء
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher = چاپ احمد حسینی
|language =
|volume = 1
|pages = 161–162
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = جناب اصفهانی
|first = علی
|author-link =
|date = 1992
|title = الاصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = چاپ عباس نصر
|language =
|volume =
|page = 106
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = جناب اصفهانی
|first = علی
|author-link =
|date = 1992
|title = الاصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = چاپ عباس نصر
|language =
|volume =
|page = 105
|isbn =
}}
Schools
One of the characteristics of the Isfahan Seminary, especially in the Safavid period, was the prosperity of school construction in Isfahan. Most of these schools were built by rulers and their allies. Some of those existing schools and some have gradually disappeared:
File:Madrasa of Shah Mosque Isfahan 2014 (5).jpg
- Emamzadeh Ismail school, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = موحدابطحی
|first = حجت
|author-link =
|date = 1997
|title = ریشه‌ها و جلوه‌‌های تشیع و حوزه علمیه اصفهان در طول تاریخ
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume = 2
|pages = 108–111
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 100–101
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 1988
|title = بیان سُبُل الهدایه فی ذکر اعقاب صاحب الهدایه، یا، تاریخ علمی و اجتماعی اصفهان در دو قرن اخیر
|url =
|location = قم
|publisher =
|language =
|volume = 3
|page = 292
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 168–170
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 180
|isbn =
}}
- Mulla Abdollah school, Safavid era
{{cite book
|last = ارباب اصفهانی
|first = محمدمهدی بن محمدرضا
|author-link =
|date = 1961
|title = نصف جهان فی تعریف الاصفهان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ منوچهر ستوده
|language =
|volume =
|page = 72
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = ارباب اصفهانی
|first = محمدمهدی بن محمدرضا
|author-link =
|date = 1961
|title = نصف جهان فی تعریف الاصفهان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ منوچهر ستوده
|language =
|volume =
|page = 73
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = نصرآبادی
|first = محمدطاهر
|author-link =
|date = 1999
|title = تذکره نصرآبادی
|url =
|location = یزد
|publisher = چاپ احمد مدقّق یزدی
|language =
|volume =
|page = 221
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = رفیعی مهرآبادی
|first = ابوالقاسم
|author-link =
|date = 1973
|title = آثار ملّی اصفهان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 44
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = رفیعی مهرآبادی
|first = ابوالقاسم
|author-link =
|date = 1973
|title = آثار ملّی اصفهان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 43–44
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = تبریزی
|first = محمدزمان بن کلبعلی
|author-link =
|date = 1994
|title = فرائدالفوائد: در احوال مدارس و مساجد
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ رسول جعفریان
|language =
|volume =
|pages = 41–42
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = موحدابطحی
|first = حجت
|author-link =
|date = 1997
|title = ریشه‌ها و جلوه‌‌های تشیع و حوزه علمیه اصفهان در طول تاریخ
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume = 2
|pages = 228–229
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = ایمانیه
|first = مجتبی
|author-link =
|date =
|title = تاریخ فرهنگ اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = دانشگاه اصفهان
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 82
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = موحدابطحی
|first = حجت
|author-link =
|date = 1997
|title = ریشه‌ها و جلوه‌‌های تشیع و حوزه علمیه اصفهان در طول تاریخ
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume = 2
|page = 106
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 138
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = جناب اصفهانی
|first = علی
|author-link =
|date = 1992
|title = الاصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = چاپ عباس نصر
|language =
|volume =
|page = 110
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 306
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 62
|isbn =
}}
Although the importance of the Isfahan Seminary has diminished in the last century with the establishment of the Qom Seminary, the seminaries in this city are still standing and students are learning science. Some religious schools that have been established in Isfahan in recent years or have remained from the past and are now open, including:
- Chaharbagh school, recent era{{cite book
|last = جناب اصفهانی
|first = علی
|author-link =
|date = 1992
|title = الاصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = چاپ عباس نصر
|language =
|volume =
|page = 109
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = ایمانیه
|first = مجتبی
|author-link =
|date =
|title = تاریخ فرهنگ اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = دانشگاه اصفهان
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 144–145
|isbn =
}}
- Sadr school, recent era
{{cite book
|last = ارباب اصفهانی
|first = محمدمهدی بن محمدرضا
|author-link =
|date = 1961
|title = نصف جهان فی تعریف الاصفهان
|url =
|location = تهران
|publisher = چاپ منوچهر ستوده
|language =
|volume =
|page = 71
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = موحدابطحی
|first = حجت
|author-link =
|date = 1997
|title = ریشه‌ها و جلوه‌‌های تشیع و حوزه علمیه اصفهان در طول تاریخ
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume = 2
|pages = 316–323
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 202–203
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|pages = 216–218
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = مهدوی
|first = مصلح الدین
|author-link =
|date = 2007
|title = اصفهان دارالعلم شرق: مدارس دینی اصفهان
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher = تحقیق، تصحیح، اضافات محمدرضا نیلفروشان
|language = fa
|volume =
|page = 259
|isbn =
}}
{{cite book
|last = موحدابطحی
|first = حجت
|author-link =
|date = 1997
|title = ریشه‌ها و جلوه‌‌های تشیع و حوزه علمیه اصفهان در طول تاریخ
|url =
|location = اصفهان
|publisher =
|language = fa
|volume = 2
|pages = 288–295
|isbn =
}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://esfhozeh.ir/ Isfahan Seminary website]
- [https://www.aparat.com/result/_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86 Videos: Isfahan Seminary on Aparat]
- [https://irandataportal.syr.edu/isfahan-religious-seminaries-for-men Isfahan: Religious Seminaries for Men]
- [https://esfhozeh.ir/1398/10/10/isfahan-seminary-admits-visiting-european-professors/ Isfahan seminary admits visiting European professors]
{{Shiite seminaries}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Isfahan Seminary}}