Isopogon ceratophyllus

Isopogon ceratophyllus is a prickly shrub, growing to 15–100 cm (6–40 in) tall and to 120 cm (4 ft) across. The oval to round flower heads, known as inflorescences, appear between July and January, and are around 3 cm in diameter.{{Flora of Australia Online | name = Isopogon ceratophyllus R.Br. | id = 44817}}

Isopogon ceratophyllus was first described by Robert Brown in his 1810 work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen.{{cite journal | last=Brown | first=Robert | author-link=Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose) | title=On the Proteaceae of Jussieu | journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society | volume=10 | year=1810 | page=72 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/757236}} The specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek words cerat- "horn" and phyllon "leaf", relating to the leaves' resemblance to antlers.{{cite book |author1=Wrigley, John |author2=Fagg, Murray |title=Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas |year=1991 |publisher=Angus & Robertson |location=Sydney, New South Wales |isbn=0-207-17277-3 | page=430}} In 1891, German botanist Otto Kuntze published Revisio generum plantarum, his response to what he perceived as a lack of method in existing nomenclatural practice.{{cite web | last=Erickson | first=Robert F. | url=http://www.botanicus.org/creator/298 | title=Kuntze, Otto (1843–1907) | website=Botanicus.org | access-date=28 November 2015}} Because Isopogon was based on Isopogon anemonifolius,{{cite book | author = Knight, Joseph | author-link = Joseph Knight (horticulturist) | year = 1809 | title = On the Cultivation of the Plants Belonging to the Natural Order of Proteeae |url=https://archive.org/details/oncultivationpl00kniggoog | publisher = W. Savage |location= London, United Kingdom |page = [https://archive.org/details/oncultivationpl00kniggoog/page/n118 94]}} and that species had already been placed by Richard Salisbury in the segregate genus Atylus in 1807,{{cite book | last=Hooker | first=William | author-link=William Hooker (botanical illustrator) | title=The Paradisus Londinensis | volume=1 | year=1805 | publisher=D. N. Shury | location=London, United Kingdom | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36898293}} Kuntze revived the latter genus on the grounds of priority, and made the new combination Atylus ceratophyllus for this species.{{cite book|last=Kuntze|first=Otto|author-link=Otto Kuntze|title=Revisio generum plantarum:vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum|publisher=A. Felix|location=Leipzig, Germany|year=1891|page=578|url=http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=5480&Pagina=204|access-date=2015-12-23|archive-date=2015-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208064024/http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=5480&Pagina=204|url-status=dead}} However, Kuntze's revisionary program was not accepted by the majority of botanists. Ultimately, the genus Isopogon was nomenclaturally conserved over Atylus by the International Botanical Congress of 1905.{{cite journal | title=Congrès international de Botanique de Vienne | journal=Bulletin de la Société botanique de France | volume=52 | year=1905 | page=LIII | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/325450}}

Common names include horny cone bush and, from Kangaroo Island, wild Irishman.

The species ranges from south-western Victoria into the south-eastern corner of South Australia and in the Furneaux Group of Bass Strait islands, principally Flinders, Cape Barren and Clarke Islands. A King Island record has not been reconfirmed and is unlikely.{{cite web | url=http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/Isopogon-ceratophyllus.pdf | title =Isopogon ceratophyllus | access-date= 25 December 2015 | date = 3 September 2003 | work = Threatened Flora of Tasmania | author=Natural and Cultural Heritage Division | publisher= Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment | location=Hobart }} It is the only Isopogon species found in South Australia. It grows on sandy soils in open eucalyptus forest or woodland. or heathland.

Isopogon ceratophyllus is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List based on a February 2019 assessment.{{cite iucn |author=Barker, W. |year=2020 |title=Isopogon ceratophyllus |volume=2020 |page=e.T118143179A122768986 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T118143179A122768986.en |access-date=27 December 2024}}

Isopogon ceratophyllus is extremely sensitive to dieback (infection by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi). Fieldwork in the Brisbane Ranges in 1994 showed that I. ceratophyllus, which had been common in areas before dieback and had vanished along with other sensitive species, had yet to return after 30 years. This was despite other sensitive species, such as grasstree (Xanthorrhoea australis), smooth parrot-pea (Dillwynia glaberrima), erect guinea flower (Hibbertia stricta) and prickly broom heath (Monotoca scoparia), eventually regenerating around 10 years post-infection.{{cite journal | title=Regeneration and Survival of Indigenous Dry Sclerophyll Species in the Brisbane Ranges, Victoria, After a Phytophthora cinnamomi Epidemic |author1=Weste, Gretna |author2=Ashton, David H. | journal=Australian Journal of Botany | volume =42|issue=2 |pages= 239–53 | year=1994 | doi=10.1071/BT9940239 }} All Tasmanian populations are at risk of eradication by P. cinnamomi. Plants are perishing at Wingaroo Nature Reserve on Flinders Island from exposure to the pathogen.{{cite book | page=24 | title=Flinders Island Natural Values Survey 2012 | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-9922694-3-2 | author=Natural and Cultural Heritage Division | publisher= Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment | location=Hobart | url=http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/FlindersIslandReportFULL.pdf}}

Rarely cultivated, it is slow growing and requires well-drained yet moist sandy soils.{{cite web|url=http://anpsa.org.au/i-cer.html|title=Isopogon ceratophyllus|author=Walters, Brian|date=November 2007|work=ANPSA website|publisher=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia)|access-date=25 December 2015}} It would suit a rockery garden.

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Category:Flora of South Australia

Category:Flora of Tasmania

Category:Flora of Victoria (state)

ceratophyllus

Category:Plants described in 1810