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Isotopes of barium

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox barium isotopes}}

Naturally occurring barium (56Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001.{{cite journal |last=Meshik |first=A.P. |last2=Hohenberg |first2=C.M. |last3=Pravdivtseva |first3=O.V. |last4=Kapusta |first4=Y.S. |title=Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements |date=2001 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=035205–1–035205–6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1063702 |bibcode=2001PhRvC..64c5205M }} This nuclide decays by double electron capture (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×1021 years (about 1011 times the age of the universe).

There are a total of thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived isomer is 133mBa, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours. The shorter-lived 137mBa (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product caesium-137.

Barium-114 is predicted to undergo cluster decay, emitting a nucleus of stable 12C to produce 102Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%.

List of isotopes

{{Anchor|Barium-113}}

{{Isotopes table

|symbol=Ba

|refs=NUBASE2020, AME2020 II

|notes=m, unc(), mass#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, daughter-nst, CD, EC, IT, n, p

}}

|-id=Barium-114

| rowspan=4|114Ba

| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 58

| rowspan=4|113.95072(11)

| rowspan=4|460(125) ms

| β+ (79%)

| 114Cs

| rowspan=4|0+

| rowspan=4|

| rowspan=4|

|-

| α (0.9%)

| 110Xe

|-

| β+, p (20%)

| 113Xe

|-

| CD (<.0034%)

| 102Sn, 12C

|-id=Barium-115

| rowspan=2|115Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59

| rowspan=2|114.94748(22)#

| rowspan=2|0.45(5) s

| β+

| 115Cs

| rowspan=2|5/2+#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (>15%)

| 114Xe

|-id=Barium-116

| rowspan=2|116Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60

| rowspan=2|115.94162(22)#

| rowspan=2|1.3(2) s

| β+ (97%)

| 116Cs

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (3%)

| 115Xe

|-id=Barium-117

| rowspan=3|117Ba

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 61

| rowspan=3|116.93832(27)

| rowspan=3|1.75(7) s

| β+ (87%)

| 117Cs

| rowspan=3|(3/2+)

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| β+, p (13%)

| 116Xe

|-

| β+, α (0.024%)

| 113I

|-id=Barium-118

| 118Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 62

| 117.93323(22)#

| 5.2(2) s

| β+

| 118Cs

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-119

| rowspan=2|119Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 63

| rowspan=2|118.93066(21)

| rowspan=2|5.4(3) s

| β+ (75%)

| 119Cs

| rowspan=2|(3/2+){{cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=K. K. |last2=Petrache |first2=C. M. |last3=Zhang |first3=Z. H. |last4=Astier |first4=A. |last5=Lv |first5=B. F. |last6=Greenlees |first6=P. T. |last7=Grahn |first7=T. |last8=Julin |first8=R. |last9=Juutinen |first9=S. |last10=Luoma |first10=M. |last11=Ojala |first11=J. |last12=Pakarinen |first12=J. |last13=Partanen |first13=J. |last14=Rahkila |first14=P. |last15=Ruotsalainen |first15=P. |last16=Sandzelius |first16=M. |last17=Sarén |first17=J. |last18=Tann |first18=H. |last19=Uusitalo |first19=J. |last20=Zimba |first20=G. |last21=Cederwall |first21=B. |last22=Aktas |first22=ö. |last23=Ertoprak |first23=A. |last24=Zhang |first24=W. |last25=Guo |first25=S. |last26=Liu |first26=M. L. |last27=Zhou |first27=X. H. |last28=Kuti |first28=I. |last29=Nyakó |first29=B. M. |last30=Sohler |first30=D. |last31=Timár |first31=J. |last32=Andreoiu |first32=C. |last33=Doncel |first33=M. |last34=Joss |first34=D. T. |last35=Page |first35=R. D. |title=Neutron excitations in Ba 119 |journal=Physical Review C |date=30 July 2021 |volume=104 |issue=1 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.104.014326 |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/77280/2/PhysRevC.104.014326.pdf}}

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (25%)

| 118Xe

|-id=Barium-119m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 119mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 66.0 keV

| 360(20) ns

| IT

| 119Ba

| (5/2−)

|

|

|-id=Barium-120

| 120Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 64

| 119.92604(32)

| 24(2) s

| β+

| 120Cs

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-121

| rowspan=2|121Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65

| rowspan=2|120.92405(15)

| rowspan=2|29.7(15) s

| β+ (99.98%)

| 121Cs

| rowspan=2|5/2+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (0.02%)

| 120Xe

|-id=Barium-122

| 122Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 66

| 121.91990(3)

| 1.95(15) min

| β+

| 122Cs

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-123

| 123Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 67

| 122.918781(13)

| 2.7(4) min

| β+

| 123Cs

| 5/2+

|

|

|-id=Barium-123m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 123mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120.95(8) keV

| 830(60) ns

| IT

| 123Ba

| 1/2+#

|

|

|-id=Barium-124

| 124Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 68

| 123.915094(13)

| 11.0(5) min

| β+

| 124Cs

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-125

| 125Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 69

| 124.914472(12)

| 3.3(3) min

| β+

| 125Cs

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Barium-125m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 125mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120(20)# keV

| 2.76(14) μs

| IT

| 125Ba

| (7/2−)

|

|

|-id=Barium-126

| 126Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| 125.911250(13)

| 100(2) min

| β+

| 126Cs

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-127

| 127Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 71

| 126.911091(12)

| 12.7(4) min

| β+

| 127Cs

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Barium-127m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 127mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80.32(11) keV

| 1.93(7) s

| IT

| 127Ba

| 7/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-128

| 128Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| 127.9083524(17)

| 2.43(5) d

| EC

| 128Cs

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-129

| 129Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 73

| 128.908683(11)

| 2.23(11) h

| β+

| 129Cs

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Barium-129m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 129mBa

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 8.42(6) keV

| rowspan=2|2.135(10) h

| β+

| 129Cs

| rowspan=2|7/2+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| IT

| 129Ba

|-id=Barium-130

| 130BaPrimordial radioisotope

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 74

| 129.9063260(3)

| ≈ 1×1021 y

| 2EC?

| 130Xe

| 0+

| 0.0011(1)

|

|-id=Barium-130m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 130mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2475.12(18) keV

| 9.54(14) ms

| IT

| 130Ba

| 8−

|

|

|-id=Barium-131

| 131Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 75

| 130.9069463(4)

| 11.52(1) d

| β+

| 131Cs

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Barium-131m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 131mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 187.995(9) keV

| 14.26(9) min

| IT

| 131Ba

| 9/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-132

| 132Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 76

| 131.9050612(11)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a half-life over 3×1020 years

| 0+

| 0.0010(1)

|

|-id=Barium-133

| 133Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 77

|132.9060074(11)

| 10.5379(16) y

| EC

| 133Cs

| 1/2+

|

|

|-id=Barium-133m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 133mBa

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 288.252(9) keV

| rowspan=2|38.90(6) h

| IT (99.99%)

| 133Ba

| rowspan=2|11/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| EC (0.0104%)

| 133Cs

|-id=Barium-134

| 134Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 78

| 133.90450825(27)

| colspan=3 align=center|Stable

| 0+

| 0.0242(15)

|

|-id=Barium-134m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 134mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2957.2(5) keV

| 2.61(13) μs

| IT

| 134Ba

| 10+

|

|

|-id=Barium-135

| 135Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 79

| 134.90568845(26)

| colspan=3 align=center|Stable

| 3/2+

| 0.0659(10)

|

|-id=Barium-135m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 135m1Ba

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 268.218(20) keV

| 28.11(2) h

| IT

| 135Ba

| 11/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-135m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 135m2Ba

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2388.0(5) keV

| 1.06(4) ms

| IT

| 135Ba

| (23/2+)

|

|

|-id=Barium-136

| 136Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 80

|135.90457580(26)

| colspan=3 align=center|Stable

| 0+

| 0.0785(24)

|

|-id=Barium-136m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 136m1Ba

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2030.535(18) keV

| 308.4(19) ms

| IT

| 136Ba

| 7−

|

|

|-id=Barium-136m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 136m2Ba

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3357.19(25) keV

| 91(2) ns

| IT

| 136Ba

| 10+

|

|

|-id=Barium-137

| 137Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 81

|136.90582721(27)

| colspan=3 align=center|Stable

| 3/2+

| 0.1123(23)

|

|-id=Barium-137m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 137m1Ba

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 661.659(3) keV

| 2.552(1) min

| IT

| 137Ba

| 11/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-137m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 137m2Ba

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2349.1(5) keV

| 589(20) ns

| IT

| 137Ba

| (19/2−)

|

|

|-id=Barium-138

| 138BaFission product

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 82

| 137.90524706(27)

| colspan=3 align=center|Stable

| 0+

| 0.7170(29)

|

|-id=Barium-138m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 138mBa

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2090.536(21) keV

| 850(100) ns

| IT

| 138Ba

| 6+

|

|

|-id=Barium-139

| 139Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 83

| 138.90884116(27)

| 82.93(9) min

| β−

| 139La

| 7/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-140

| 140Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 84

| 139.910608(8)

| 12.7534(21) d

| β−

| 140La

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-141

| 141BaFission product

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 85

| 140.914404(6)

| 18.27(7) min

| β−

| 141La

| 3/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-142

| 142BaFission product

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 86

| 141.916433(6)

| 10.6(2) min

| β−

| 142La

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-143

| 143BaFission product

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 87

| 142.920625(7)

| 14.5(3) s

| β−

| 143La

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-144

| 144BaFission product

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 88

|143.922955(8)

| 11.73(8) s

| β−

| 144La

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-145

| 145Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 89

| 144.927518(9)

| 4.31(16) s

| β−

| 145La

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Barium-146

| 146Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 90

| 145.9303632(19)

| 2.15(4) s

| β−

| 146La

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Barium-147

| rowspan=2|147Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91

| rowspan=2|146.935304(21)

| rowspan=2|893(1) ms

| β− (99.93%)

| 147La

| rowspan=2|5/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (0.07%)

| 146La

|-id=Barium-148

| rowspan=2|148Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92

| rowspan=2| 147.9382230(16)

| rowspan=2|620(5) ms

| β− (99.6%)

| 148La

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (0.4%)

| 147La

|-id=Barium-149

| rowspan=2|149Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93

| rowspan=2|148.9432840(27)

| rowspan=2|349(4) ms

| β− (96.1%)

| 149La

| rowspan=2|3/2−#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (3.9%)

| 148La

|-id=Barium-150

| rowspan=2|150Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94

| rowspan=2| 149.946441(6)

| rowspan=2|258(5) ms

| β− (99.0%)

| 150La

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n (1.0%)

| 149La

|-id=Barium-151

| rowspan=2|151Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95

| rowspan=2|150.95176(43)#

| rowspan=2|167(5) ms

| β−

| 151La

| rowspan=2|3/2−#

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n?

| 150La

|-id=Barium-152

| rowspan=2|152Ba

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96

| rowspan=2|151.95533(43)#

| rowspan=2|139(8) ms

| β−

| 152La

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β−, n?

| 151La

|-id=Barium-153

| rowspan=3|153Ba

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 56

| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 97

| rowspan=3|152.96085(43)#

| rowspan=3|113(39) ms

| β−

| 153La

| rowspan=3|5/2−#

| rowspan=3|

| rowspan=3|

|-

| β−, n?

| 152La

|-

| β−, 2n?

| 151La

|-id=Barium-154

| 154Ba

| style="text-align:right" | 56

| style="text-align:right" | 98

|153.96466(54)#

| 53(48) ms

| β−

| 154La

| 0+

|

|

{{Isotopes table/footer}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Isotope masses from:
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • {{CIAAW2003}}
  • {{CIAAW 2005}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • {{NNDC}}
  • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}
  • Half-life of 130Ba from:
  • {{cite journal |author=A. P. Meshik |author2=C. M. Hohenberg |author3=O. V. Pravdivtseva |author4=Ya. S. Kapusta |year=2001 |title=Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements |journal=Physical Review C |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=035205 [6 pages] |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205|bibcode = 2001PhRvC..64c5205M |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1063702 }}
  • {{cite journal |author=M. Pujol |author2=B. Marty |author3=P. Burnard |author4=P. Philippot |year=2009|title=Xenon in Archean barite: Weak decay of 130Ba, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and implication for barite formation |journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |volume=73|issue=22 |pages=6834–6846 |doi=10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.002|bibcode = 2009GeCoA..73.6834P }}

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Category:Barium

Barium