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Isotopes of hafnium#Hafnium-164

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox hafnium isotopes}}

Natural hafnium (72Hf) consists of five observationally stable isotopes (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, and 180Hf) and one very long-lived radioisotope, 174Hf, with a half-life of {{val|3.8|e=16}} years. In addition, there are 34 known synthetic radioisotopes, the most stable of which is 182Hf with a half-life of {{val|8.9e6}} years. This extinct radionuclide is used in hafnium–tungsten dating to study the chronology of planetary differentiation.{{cite journal | vauthors = Kleine T, Walker RJ | title = Tungsten Isotopes in Planets | journal = Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 389–417 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 30842690 | pmc = 6398955 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020037 | bibcode = 2017AREPS..45..389K }}

No other radioisotope has a half-life over 1.87 years. Most isotopes have half-lives under 1 minute. There are also at least 27 nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 178m2Hf with a half-life of 31 years. All isotopes of hafnium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

List of isotopes

{{Anchor|Hafnium-153m|Hafnium-180m5|Hafnium-180m6}}

{{Isotopes table

| symbol = Hf

| refs = NUBASE2020, AME2020 II

| notes = m, unc(), mass#, exen#, hl#, hl-nst, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, IT, EC

}}

|-id=Hafnium-153

| 153Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 81

| 152.97069(32)#

| 400# ms
[>200 ns]

|

|

| 1/2+#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-154

| rowspan=2|154Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82

| rowspan=2|153.96486(32)#

| rowspan=2|2(1) s

| β+

| 154Lu

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (rare)

| 150Yb

|-id=Hafnium-154m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 154mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2721(50)# keV

| 9(4) μs

| IT

| 154Hf

| (10+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-155

| 155Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 83

| 154.96317(32)#

| 843(30) ms

| β+

| 155Lu

| 7/2−#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-156

| 156Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 84

| 155.95940(16)

| 23(1) ms

| α

| 152Yb

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-156m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 156mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1958.8(10) keV

| 480(40) μs

| α

| 152Yb

| (8+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-157

| rowspan=2|157Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85

| rowspan=2|156.95829(22)#

| rowspan=2|115(1) ms

| α (94%)

| 153Yb

| rowspan=2|7/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (6%)

| 157Lu

|-id=Hafnium-158

| rowspan=2|158Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86

| rowspan=2|157.954801(19)

| rowspan=2|2.85(7) s

| β+ (55.7%)

| 158Lu

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (44.3%)

| 154Yb

|-id=Hafnium-159

| rowspan=2|159Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87

| rowspan=2|158.953996(18)

| rowspan=2|5.20(10) s

| β+ (65%)

| 159Lu

| rowspan=2|7/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (35%)

| 155Yb

|-id=Hafnium-160

| rowspan=2|160Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2|159.950683(10)

| rowspan=2|13.6(2) s

| β+ (99.3%)

| 160Lu

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.7%)

| 156Yb

|-id=Hafnium-161

| rowspan=2|161Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89

| rowspan=2|160.950278(25)

| rowspan=2|18.4(4) s

| β+ (99.71%)

| 161Lu

| rowspan=2|(7/2−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.29%)

| 157Yb

|-id=Hafnium-161m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 161mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 329.0(5) keV

| 4.8(2) μs

| IT

| 161Hf

| (13/2+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-162

| rowspan=2|162Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90

| rowspan=2|161.9472155(96)

| rowspan=2|39.4(9) s

| β+ (99.99%)

| 162Lu

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.008%)

| 158Yb

|-id=Hafnium-163

| 163Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 91

| 162.947107(28)

| 40.0(6) s

| β+

| 163Lu

| (5/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-164

| 164Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 92

| 163.944371(17)

| 111(8) s

| β+

| 164Lu

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-165

| 165Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 93

| 164.944567(30)

| 76(4) s

| β+

| 165Lu

| (5/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-166

| 166Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 94

| 165.942180(30)

| 6.77(30) min

| β+

| 166Lu

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-167

| 167Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 95

| 166.942600(30)

| 2.05(5) min

| β+

| 167Lu

| (5/2)−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-168

| rowspan=2|168Hf

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96

| rowspan=2|167.940568(30)

| rowspan=2|25.95(20) min

| EC (98%)

| 168Lu

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (2%)

| 168Lu

|-id=Hafnium-169

| 169Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 97

| 168.941259(30)

| 3.24(4) min

| β+

| 169Lu

| (5/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-170

| 170Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 98

| 169.939609(30)

| 16.01(13) h

| EC

| 170Lu

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-171

| 171Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 99

| 170.940492(31)

| 12.1(4) h

| β+

| 171Lu

| 7/2+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-171m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 171mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 21.93(9) keV

| 29.5(9) s

| IT

| 171Hf

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-172

| 172Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 100

| 171.939450(26)

| 1.87(3) y

| EC

| 172Lu

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-172m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 172mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2005.84(11) keV

| 163(3) ns

| IT

| 172Hf

| (8−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-173

| 173Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 101

| 172.940513(30)

| 23.6(1) h

| β+

| 173Lu

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-173m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 173m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 107.16(5) keV

| 180(8) ns

| IT

| 173Hf

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-173m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 173m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 197.47(10) keV

| 160(40) ns

| IT

| 173Hf

| 7/2+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-174

| 174Hfprimordial radionuclide

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 102

| 173.9400484(24)

| {{val|3.8|1.7|0.9|e=16|u=y}}

| αTheorized to also undergo β+β+ decay to 174Yb

| 170Yb

| 0+

| 0.0016(12)

|

|-id=Hafnium-174m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1549.26(4) keV

| 138(4) ns

| IT

| 174Hf

| 6+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-174m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1797.59(7) keV

| 2.39(4) μs

| IT

| 174Hf

| 8−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-174m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3312.07(6) keV

| 3.7(2) μs

| IT

| 174Hf

| 14+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-175

| 175Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 103

| 174.9415114(25)

| 70.65(19) d

| EC

| 175Lu

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-175m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 175m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 125.89(12) keV

| 53.7(15) μs

| IT

| 175Hf

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-175m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 175m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1433.41(12) keV

| 1.10(8) μs

| IT

| 175Hf

| 19/2+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-175m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 175m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3015.6(4) keV

| 1.21(15) μs

| IT

| 175Hf

| 35/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-175m4

| style="text-indent:1em" | 175m4Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4636.2(12) keV

| 1.9(1) μs

| IT

| 175Hf

| 45/2+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-176

| 176HfUsed in lutetium-hafnium dating

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 104

| 175.9414098(16)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 172Yb

| 0+

| 0.0526(70)

|

|-id=Hafnium-176m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 176m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1333.07(7) keV

| 9.6(3) μs

| IT

| 176Hf

| 6+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-176m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 176m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1559.31(9) keV

| 9.9(2) μs

| IT

| 176Hf

| 8−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-176m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 176m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2865.8(7) keV

| 401(6) μs

| IT

| 176Hf

| 14−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-176m4

| style="text-indent:1em" | 176m4Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4863.6(9) keV

| 43(4) μs

| IT

| 176Hf

| 22−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-177

| 177Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 105

| 176.9432302(15)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 173Yb with a half-life over 1.3×1018 y.

| 7/2−

| 0.1860(16)

|

|-id=Hafnium-177m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1315.4502(8) keV

| 1.09(5) s

| IT

| 177Hf

| 23/2+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-177m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1342.4(10) keV

| 55.9(12) μs

| IT

| 177Hf

| (19/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-177m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2740.02(15) keV

| 51.4(5) min

| IT

| 177Hf

| 37/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-178

| 178Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 106

| 177.9437083(15)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 174Yb

| 0+

| 0.2728(28)

|

|-id=Hafnium-178m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1147.416(6) keV

| 4.0(2) s

| IT

| 178Hf

| 8−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-178m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2446.09(8) keV

| 31(1) y

| IT

| 178Hf

| 16+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-178m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2572.4(3) keV

| 68(2) μs

| IT

| 178Hf

| 14−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-179

| 179Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 107

| 178.9458257(15)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 175Yb

| 9/2+

| 0.1362(11)

|

|-id=Hafnium-179m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 375.0352(25) keV

| 18.67(4) s

| IT

| 179Hf

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-179m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1106.412(33) keV

| 25.00(17) d

| IT

| 179Hf

| 25/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-179m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3775.2(21) keV

| 15(5) μs

| IT

| 179Hf

| (43/2+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-180

| 180Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| 179.9465595(15)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 176Yb

| 0+

| 0.3508(33)

|

|-id=Hafnium-180m1

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 180m1Hf

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1141.552(15) keV

| rowspan=2|5.53(2) h

| IT (99.69%)

| 180Hf

| rowspan=2|8−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β− (0.31%)

| 180m1Ta{{cite journal |last1=McCutchan |first1=E.A. |title=Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 180 |journal=Nuclear Data Sheets |date=May 2015 |volume=126 |pages=151–372 |doi=10.1016/j.nds.2015.05.002 |url=https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=180Hf&unc=NDS}}

|-id=Hafnium-180m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1374.36(4) keV

| 570(20) μs

| IT

| 180Hf

| 4−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-180m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2485.5(5) keV

| 0.94(11) μs

| IT

| 180Hf

| 12+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-180m4

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m4Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3599.0(10) keV

| 90(10) μs

| IT

| 180Hf

| (18−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-181

| 181Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 109

| 180.9491108(15)

| 42.39(6) d

| β−

| 181Ta

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-181m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595.27(4) keV

| 80(5) μs

| IT

| 181Hf

| (9/2+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-181m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1043.5(8) keV

| ~100 μs

| IT

| 181Hf

| (17/2+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-181m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m3Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1741.9(13) keV

| 1.5(5) ms

| IT

| 181Hf

| (25/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-182

| 182Hf{{refn|group="n"|Extinct radionuclide, used in hafnium–tungsten dating{{cite journal | vauthors = Kleine T, Walker RJ | title = Tungsten Isotopes in Planets | journal = Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 389–417 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 30842690 | pmc = 6398955 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020037 | bibcode = 2017AREPS..45..389K }}}}

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 110

| 181.9505637(66)

| 8.90(9)×106 y

| β−

| 182Ta

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-182m1

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Hf

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1172.87(18) keV

| rowspan=2|61.5(15) min

| β− (54%)

| 182Ta

| rowspan=2|8−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| IT (46%)

| 182Hf

|-id=Hafnium-182m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2571.3(12) keV

| 40(10) μs

| IT

| 182Hf

| (13+)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-183

| 183Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 111

| 182.953533(32)

| 1.018(2) h

| β−

| 183Ta

| (3/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-183m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 183mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1464(64) keV

| 40(30) s

| IT

| 183Hf

| 27/2−#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-184

| 184Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 112

| 183.955449(43)

| 4.12(5) h

| β−

| 184Ta

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-184m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1272.2(4) keV

| 48(10) s

| IT

| 184Hf

| 8−

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-184m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Hf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2477(10) keV

| 16(7) min

|

|

| 15+#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-185

| 185Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 113

| 184.958862(69)

| 3.5(6) min

| β−

| 185Ta

| (9/2−)

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-186

| 186Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 114

| 185.960897(55)

| 2.6(12) min

| β−

| 186Ta

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-186m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 186mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2968(43) keV

| >20 s

|

|

| 17+#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-187

| 187Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 115

| 186.96457(22)#

| 14# s
[>300 ns]

|

|

| 9/2−#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-187m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 187mHf

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 500(300)# keV

| 270(80) ns

| IT

| 187Hf

| 3/2−#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-188

| 188Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 116

| 187.96690(32)#

| 7# s
[>300 ns]

|

|

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-189

| 189Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 117

| 188.97085(32)#

| 400# ms
[>300 ns]

|

|

| 3/2−#

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-190

| 190Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 118

| 189.97338(43)#

| 600# ms
[>300 ns]

|

|

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-191

| 191Hf{{cite journal |first1=K. |last1=Haak |first2=O. B. |last2=Tarasov |first3=P. |last3=Chowdhury |display-authors=et al. |title=Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of 198Pt |date=2023 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=108 |number=34608 |page=034608 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034608|bibcode=2023PhRvC.108c4608H |s2cid=261649436 }}

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 119

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-id=Hafnium-192

| 192Hf

| style="text-align:right" | 72

| style="text-align:right" | 120

|

|

|

|

| 0+

|

|

{{Isotopes table/footer}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Isotope masses from:
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • {{CIAAW2003}}
  • {{CIAAW 2005}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • {{NNDC}}
  • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

Category:Hafnium

Hafnium