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Isotopes of radium#Radium-233

File:Ra-226 nitrate (3x 1 mCi) - Photo by Dr Andrew R. Burgoyne - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.jpg

File:Ra-224 nitrate (21.4 mCi) - Photo by Dr Andrew R. Burgoyne - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.jpg

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox radium isotopes}}

Radium (88Ra) has no stable or nearly stable isotopes, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. The longest lived, and most common, isotope of radium is 226Ra with a half-life of {{val|1600|u=years}}. 226Ra occurs in the decay chain of 238U (often referred to as the radium series). Radium has 34 known isotopes from 201Ra to 234Ra.

In the early history of the study of radioactivity, the different natural isotopes of radium were given different names, as it was not until Frederick Soddy's scientific career in the early 1900s that the concept of isotopes was realized.{{Cite journal |last=Nagel |first=Miriam C. |date=September 1982 |title=Frederick Soddy: From alchemy to isotopes |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed059p739 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |language=en |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=739 |doi=10.1021/ed059p739 |bibcode=1982JChEd..59..739N |issn=0021-9584}} In this scheme, {{sup|223}}Ra was named actinium X (AcX), {{sup|224}}Ra thorium X (ThX), {{sup|226}}Ra radium (Ra), and {{sup|228}}Ra mesothorium 1 (MsTh{{sub|1}}).{{cite report

|last1=Kirby |first1=H.W.

|last2=Salutsky |first2=Murrell L.

|name-list-style=amp

|date=December 1964

|title=The Radiochemistry of Radium

|page=3

|series=crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1027502/

|via=University of North Texas, UNT Digital Library

}} Alternate source: https://sgp.fas.org/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/books/rc000041.pdf When it was realized that all of these are isotopes of the same element, many of these names fell out of use, and "radium" came to refer to all isotopes, not just {{sup|226}}Ra,{{Cite journal |last=Giunta |first=Carmen J. |date=2017 |title=ISOTOPES: IDENTIFYING THE BREAKTHROUGH PUBLICATION (1) |url=https://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/awards/OPA%20Papers/2017-Giunta.pdf |journal=Bull. Hist. Chem. |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=103–111}} though mesothorium 1 in particular was still used for some time, with a footnote explaining that it referred to {{sup|228}}Ra.{{Cite journal |last=Looney |first=William B. |date=1958 |title=Effects of Radium in Man |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1755774 |journal=Science |volume=127 |issue=3299 |pages=630–633 |doi=10.1126/science.127.3299.630 |jstor=1755774 |pmid=13529029 |bibcode=1958Sci...127..630L |issn=0036-8075}} Some of radium-226's decay products received historical names including "radium",{{Cite journal|title=Is Radium in the Sun? |last=Mitchell |first=S. A. |journal=Popular Astronomy |volume= 21 |pages=321–331|bibcode=1913PA.....21..321M |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1913PA.....21..321M }} ranging from radium {{sc|A}} to radium {{sc|G}}, with the letter indicating approximately how far they were down the chain from their parent {{sup|226}}Ra.{{efn|{{nobr|Radium emanation {{=}} {{sup|222}}Rn,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|A}} {{=}} {{sup|218}}Po,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|B}} {{=}} {{sup|214}}Pb,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|C}} {{=}} {{sup|214}}Bi,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|C}}{{sub|1}} {{=}} {{sup|214}}Po,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|C}}{{sub|2}} {{=}} {{sup|210}}Tl,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|D}} {{=}} {{sup|210}}Pb,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|E}} {{=}} {{sup|210}}Bi,}} {{nobr|Ra {{sc|F}} {{=}} {{sup|210}}Po,}} and {{nobr|Ra {{sc|G}} {{=}} {{sup|206}}Pb.}}{{refn|

{{cite journal

|last=Kuhn |first=W.

|year=1929

|title=LXVIII. Scattering of thorium {{sc|C}}" γ-radiation by radium {{sc|G}} and ordinary lead

|journal=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science

|volume=8 |issue=52 |page=628

|doi=10.1080/14786441108564923 |issn=1941-5982

}}

}}{{refn|{{citation |url=https://indico.cern.ch/event/835006/contributions/3548764/attachments/1924479/3184497/Ra226Decays.pdf |title=The radioactive series of radium-226 |first=R. R. |last=Kinsey |work=The NUDAT/PCNUDAT Program for Nuclear Data |date=December 18, 1997 |via=CERN}}}}}}

In 2013 it was discovered that the nucleus of radium-224 is pear-shaped.{{Cite web | url=https://home.cern/about/updates/2013/05/first-observations-short-lived-pear-shaped-atomic-nuclei | title=First observations of short-lived pear-shaped atomic nuclei| date=8 May 2013 |website=CERN |first=Stephanie |last=Hills}} This was the first discovery of an asymmetrical nucleus.

List of isotopes

{{Anchor|Radium-235}}

{{Isotopes table

|symbol=Ra

|refs=NUBASE2020, AME2020 II

|notes=m, histname, unc(), mass#, exen#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, IT, EC, CD

}}

|-id=Radium-201

| 201Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 113

| 201.012815(22)

| 20(30) ms

| α

| 197Rn

| (3/2−)

|

|-id=Radium-201m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 201mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 263(26) keV

| 6(5) ms

| α

| 197Rn

| 13/2+

|

|-id=Radium-202

| 202Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 114

| 202.009742(16)

| 4.1(11) ms

| α

| 198Rn

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-203

| 203Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 115

| 203.009234(10)

| 36(13) ms

| α

| 199Rn

| 3/2−

|

|-id=Radium-203m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 203mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 246(14) keV

| 25(5) ms

| α

| 199Rn

| 13/2+

|

|-id=Radium-204

| 204Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 116

| 204.0065069(96)

| 60(9) ms

| α (99.7%)

| 200Rn

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-205

| 205Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 117

| 205.006231(24)

| 220(50) ms

| α

| 201Rn

| 3/2−

|

|-id=Radium-205m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 205mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 263(25) keV

| 180(50) ms

| α

| 201Rn

| 13/2+

|

|-id=Radium-206

| 206Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 118

| 206.003828(19)

| 0.24(2) s

| α

| 202Rn

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-207

| rowspan=2|207Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 119

| rowspan=2|207.003772(63)

| rowspan=2|1.38(18) s

| α (86%)

| 203Rn

| rowspan=2|5/2−#

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (14%)

| 207Fr

|-id=Radium-207m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 207mRa

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 560(60) keV

| rowspan=2|57(8) ms

| IT (85#%)

| 207Ra

| rowspan=2|13/2+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (?%)

| 203Rn

|-id=Radium-208

| rowspan=2|208Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 120

| rowspan=2|208.0018550(97)

| rowspan=2|1.110(45) s

| α (87%)

| 204Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (13%)

| 208Fr

|-id=Radium-208m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 208mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2147.4(4) keV

| 263(17) ns

| IT

| 208Ra

| (8+)

|

|-id=Radium-209

| 209Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 121

| 209.0019949(62)

| 4.71(8) s

| α (90%)

| 205Rn

| 5/2−

|

|-id=Radium-209m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 209mRa

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 882.4(7) keV

| rowspan=2|117(5) μs

| α (90%)

| 205Rn

| rowspan=2|13/2+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (10%)

| 209Fr

|-id=Radium-210

| 210Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 122

| 210.0004754(99)

| 4.0(1) s

| α

| 206Rn

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-210m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 210mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2050.9(7) keV

| 2.29(3) μs

| IT

| 210Ra

| 8+

|

|-id=Radium-211

| 211Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 123

| 211.0008930(53)

| 12.6(12) s

| α

| 207Rn

| 5/2−

|

|-id=Radium-211m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 211mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1198.1(8) keV

| 9.5(3) μs

| IT

| 211Ra

| 13/2+

|

|-id=Radium-212

| rowspan=2|212Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 124

| rowspan=2|211.999787(11)

| rowspan=2|13.0(2) s

| α (?%)

| 208Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (?%)

| 212Fr

|-id=Radium-212m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 212m1Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1958.4(20) keV

| 9.3(9) μs

| IT

| 212Ra

| 8+

|

|-id=Radium-212m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 212m2Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2613.3(20) keV

| 0.85(13) μs

| IT

| 212Ra

| 11−

|

|-id=Radium-213

| rowspan=2|213Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 125

| rowspan=2|213.000371(11)

| rowspan=2|2.73(5) min

| α (87%)

| 209Rn

| rowspan=2|1/2−

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (13%)

| 213Fr

|-id=Radium-213m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 213mRa

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1768(4) keV

| rowspan=2|2.20(5) ms

| IT (99.4%)

| 213Ra

| rowspan=2|(17/2−)

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.6%)

| 209Rn

|-id=Radium-214

| rowspan=2|214Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 126

| rowspan=2|214.0000996(56)

| rowspan=2|2.437(16) s

| α (99.94%)

| 210Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (0.059%)

| 214Fr

|-id=Radium-214m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 214m1Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1819.7(18) keV

| 118(7) ns

| IT

| 214Ra

| 6+

|

|-id=Radium-214m2

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 214m2Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1865.2(18) keV

| rowspan=2|67.3(15) μs

| IT (99.91%)

| 214Ra

| rowspan=2|8+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (0.09%)

| 210Rn

|-id=Radium-214m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 214m3Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2683.2(18) keV

| 295(7) ns

| IT

| 214Ra

| 11−

|

|-id=Radium-214m4

| style="text-indent:1em" | 214m4Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3478.4(18) keV

| 279(4) ns

| IT

| 214Ra

| 14+

|

|-id=Radium-214m5

| style="text-indent:1em" | 214m5Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4146.8(18) keV

| 225(4) ns

| IT

| 214Ra

| 17−

|

|-id=Radium-214m6

| style="text-indent:1em" | 214m6Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6577.0(18) keV

| 128(4) ns

| IT

| 214Ra

| (25−)

|

|-id=Radium-215

| 215Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 127

| 215.0027182(77)

| 1.669(9) ms

| α

| 211Rn

| 9/2+#

|

|-id=Radium-215m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 215m1Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1877.8(3) keV

| 7.31(13) μs

| IT

| 215Ra

| (25/2+)

|

|-id=Radium-215m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 215m2Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2246.9(4) keV

| 1.39(7) μs

| IT

| 215Ra

| (29/2−)

|

|-id=Radium-215m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 215m3Ra

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3807(50)# keV

| 555(10) ns

| IT

| 215Ra

| (43/2−)

|

|-id=Radium-216

| rowspan=2|216Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128

| rowspan=2|216.0035335(86)

| rowspan=2|172(7) ns

| α

| 212Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| EC (<1×10−8%)

| 216Fr

|-id=Radium-217

| 217Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 129

| 217.0063227(76)

| 1.95(12) μs

| α

| 213Rn

| (9/2+)

|

|-id=Radium-218

|218Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 130

| 218.007134(11)

| 25.91(14) μs

| α

| 214Rn

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-219

| 219Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 131

| 219.0100847(73)

| 9(2) ms

| α

| 215Rn

| (7/2)+

|

|-id=Radium-219m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 219mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 16.7(8) keV

| 10(3) ns

| α

| 215Rn

| (11/2)+

|

|-id=Radium-220

| 220Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 132

| 220.0110275(82)

| 18.1(12) ms

| α

| 216Rn

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-221

| rowspan=2|221Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 133

| rowspan=2|221.0139173(05)

| rowspan=2|25(4) s

| α

| 217Rn

| rowspan=2|5/2+

| rowspan=2|TraceIntermediate decay product of 237Np

|-

| CD (1.2×10−10%)Lightest known nuclide to undergo cluster decay

| 207Pb
14C

|-id=Radium-222

| rowspan=2|222Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 134

| rowspan=2|222.0153734(48)

| rowspan=2|33.6(4) s

| α

| 218Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

|-

| CD (3.0×10−8%)

| 208Pb
14C

|-

| rowspan=2|223RaUsed for treating bone cancer

| rowspan=2|Actinium X

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 135

| rowspan=2|223.0185006(22)

| rowspan=2|11.4352(10) d

| α

| 219Rn

| rowspan=2|3/2+

| rowspan=2|TraceIntermediate decay product of 235U

|-

| CD (8.9×10−8%)

| 209Pb
14C

|-id=Radium-224

| rowspan=2|224Ra

| rowspan=2|Thorium X

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 136

| rowspan=2|224.0202104(19)

| rowspan=2|3.6316(14) d

| α

| 220Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|TraceIntermediate decay product of 232Th

|-

| CD (4.0×10−9%)

| 210Pb
14C

|-id=Radium-225

| rowspan=2|225Ra

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 137

| rowspan=2|225.0236105(28)

| rowspan=2|14.82(19) d

| β−

| 225Ac

| rowspan=2|1/2+

| rowspan=2|TraceIntermediate decay product of 237Np

|-

|α (.0026%){{refn|group=n|The value .026%, found at other places, is a typographical error. The original data is cited here.}}

|221Rn

|-

| rowspan=2|{{anchor|Radium-226}}226Ra

| rowspan=2|RadiumSource of element's name

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 138

| rowspan=2|226.0254082(21)

| rowspan=2|1600(7) y

| α{{refn|group=n|Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 226Th}}

| 222Rn

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|TraceIntermediate decay product of 238U

|-

| CD (2.6×10−9%)

| 212Pb
14C

|-id=Radium-227

| 227Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 139

| 227.0291762(21)

| 42.2(5) min

| β−

| 227Ac

| 3/2+

|

|-id=Radium-228

| 228Ra

| Mesothorium 1

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 140

| 228.0310686(21)

| 5.75(3) y

| β−

| 228Ac

| 0+

| Trace

|-id=Radium-229

| 229Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 141

| 229.034957(17)

| 4.0(2) min

| β−

| 229Ac

| 5/2+

|

|-id=Radium-230

| 230Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 142

| 230.037055(11)

| 93(2) min

| β−

| 230Ac

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-231

| 231Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 143

| 231.041027(12)

| 104(1) s

| β−

| 231Ac

| (5/2+)

|

|-id=Radium-231m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 231mRa

|

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 66.21(9) keV

| ~53 μs

| IT

| 231Ra

| (1/2+)

|

|-id=Radium-232

| 232Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 144

| 232.0434753(98)

| 4.0(3) min

| β−

| 232Ac

| 0+

|

|-id=Radium-233

| 233Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 145

| 233.0475946(92)

| 30(5) s

| β−

| 233Ac

| 1/2+#

|

|-id=Radium-234

| 234Ra

|

| style="text-align:right" | 88

| style="text-align:right" | 146

| 234.0503821(90)

| 30(10) s

| β−

| 234Ac

| 0+

|

{{Isotopes table/footer}}

Actinides vs fission products

{{Actinides vs fission products}}

{{Clear}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Isotope masses from:
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • {{NNDC}}
  • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

= Notes =

{{Notelist}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Radium

Radium