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Isotopes of ytterbium

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox ytterbium isotopes}}

Naturally occurring ytterbium (70Yb) is composed of seven stable isotopes:However, all seven of the isotopes are observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but decay has not been observed yet. 168Yb, 170Yb–174Yb, and 176Yb, with 174Yb being the most abundant (31.83% natural abundance). 30 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.014 days, 175Yb with a half-life of 4.185 days, and 166Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 20 minutes. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being 169mYb (t1/2 46 seconds).

The isotopes of ytterbium range from 149Yb to 187Yb. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 174Yb is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before 174Yb are isotopes of thulium, and the primary products after are isotopes of lutetium. Of interest to modern quantum optics, the different ytterbium isotopes follow either Bose–Einstein statistics or Fermi–Dirac statistics, leading to interesting behavior in optical lattices.

List of isotopes

{{Anchor|Ytterbium-148}}

{{Isotopes table

|symbol=Yb

|refs=AME2020 II, NUBASE2020

|notes=m, unc(), mass#, exen#, sexenm#, hl#, pin(), spin#, daughter-st, EC, IT

}}

|-id=Ytterbium-149

|rowspan=2| 149Yb

|rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

|rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79

|rowspan=2| 148.96422(32)#

|rowspan=2| 0.7(2) s

| β+, p

| 148Er

|rowspan=2| (1/2+)

|rowspan=2|

|rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (rare)

| 149Tm

|-id=Ytterbium-150

| 150Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 80

| 149.95831(32)#

| 700# ms [>200 ns]

| β+?

| 150Tm?

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-151

| rowspan=2|151Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81

| rowspan=2|150.95540(32)

| rowspan=2|1.6(5) s

| β+

| 151Tm

| rowspan=2|(1/2+)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (rare)

| 150Er

|-id=Ytterbium-151m1

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 151m1Yb

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 740(100)# keV

| rowspan=2|1.6(5) s

| β+

| 151Tm

| rowspan=2|(11/2−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (rare)

| 150Er

|-id=Ytterbium-151m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 151m2Yb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2630(141)# keV

| 2.6(7) μs

|IT

|151Yb

| 19/2−#

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-151m3

| style="text-indent:1em" | 151m3Yb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3287(141)# keV

| 20(1) μs

|IT

|151Yb

| 27/2−#

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-152

|152Yb

|style="text-align:right" | 70

|style="text-align:right" | 82

|151.95033(16)

|3.03(6) s

| β+

| 152Tm

|0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-152m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 152mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2744.5(10) keV

| 30(1) μs

|IT

|152Yb

| (10+)

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-153

| rowspan=2|153Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83

| rowspan=2|152.94937(22)#

| rowspan=2|4.2(2) s

| β+

| 153Tm

| rowspan=2|7/2−

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+, p (0.008%)

| 152Er

|-id=Ytterbium-153m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 153mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2630(50)# keV

| 15(1) μs

|IT

|153Yb

| 27/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-154

| rowspan=2|154Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84

| rowspan=2|153.946396(19)

| rowspan=2|0.409(2) s

| α (92.6%)

| 150Er

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (7.4%)

| 154Tm

|-id=Ytterbium-155

| rowspan=2|155Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85

| rowspan=2|154.945783(18)

| rowspan=2|1.793(20) s

| α (89%)

| 151Er

| rowspan=2|(7/2−)

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| β+ (11%)

| 155Tm

|-id=Ytterbium-156

| rowspan=2|156Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86

| rowspan=2|155.942817(10)

| rowspan=2|26.1(7) s

| β+ (90%)

| 156Tm

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (10%)

| 152Er

|-id=Ytterbium-157

| rowspan=2|157Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87

| rowspan=2|156.942651(12)

| rowspan=2|38.6(10) s

| β+

| 157Tm

| rowspan=2|7/2−

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (rare)

| 153Er

|-id=Ytterbium-158

| rowspan=2|158Yb

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88

| rowspan=2|157.939871(9)

| rowspan=2|1.49(13) min

| β+ (99.99%)

| 158Tm

| rowspan=2|0+

| rowspan=2|

| rowspan=2|

|-

| α (.0021%)

| 154Er

|-id=Ytterbium-159

| 159Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 89

| 158.940060(19)

| 1.67(9) min

| β+

| 159Tm

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-160

| 160Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 90

| 159.937559(6)

| 4.8(2) min

| β+

| 160Tm

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-161

| 161Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 91

| 160.937912(16)

| 4.2(2) min

| β+

| 161Tm

| 3/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-162

| 162Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 92

| 161.935779(16)

| 18.87(19) min

| β+

| 162Tm

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-163

| 163Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 93

| 162.936345(16)

| 11.05(35) min

| β+

| 163Tm

| 3/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-164

| 164Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 94

| 163.934501(16)

| 75.8(17) min

| EC

| 164Tm

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-165

| 165Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 95

| 164.935270(28)

| 9.9(3) min

| β+

| 165Tm

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-165m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 165mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 126.80(9) keV

| 300(30) ns

|IT

|165Yb

|9/2+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-166

| 166Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 96

| 165.933876(8)

| 56.7(1) h

| EC

| 166Tm

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-167

| 167Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 97

| 166.934954(4)

| 17.5(2) min

| β+

| 167Tm

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-167m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 167mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 571.548(22) keV

| ~180 ns

|IT

|167Yb

| 11/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-168

| 168Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 98

| 167.9338913(1)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 164Er or β+β+ decay to 168Er with a half-life over 130×1012 years

| 0+

| 0.00123(3)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-169

| 169Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 99

| 168.93518421(19)

| 32.014(5) d

| EC

| 169Tm

| 7/2+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-169m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 169mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 24.1999(16) keV

| 46(2) s

| IT

| 169Yb

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-170

| 170Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 100

| 169.934767243(11)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 166Er

| 0+

| 0.02982(39)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-170m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 170mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1258.46(14) keV

| 370(15) ns

|IT

|170Yb

| 4−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-171

| 171Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 101

| 170.936331515(14)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 167Er

| 1/2−

| 0.14086(140)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-171m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 171m1Yb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 95.282(2) keV

| 5.25(24) ms

| IT

| 171Yb

| 7/2+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-171m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 171m2Yb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122.416(2) keV

| 265(20) ns

|IT

|171Yb

| 5/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-172

| 172Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 102

| 171.936386654(15)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 168Er

| 0+

| 0.21686(130)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-172m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 172mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1550.43(6) keV

| 3.6(1) μs

|IT

|172Yb

| 6−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-173

| 173Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 103

| 172.938216212(12)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 169Er

| 5/2−

| 0.16103(63)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-173m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 173mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 398.9(5) keV

| 2.9(1) μs

|IT

|173Yb

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-174

| 174Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 104

| 173.938867546(12)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 170Er

| 0+

| 0.32025(80)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-174m1

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m1Yb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1518.148(13) keV

| 830(40) μs

| IT

| 174Yb

| 6+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-174m2

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m2Yb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1765.2(5) keV

| 256(11) ns

| IT

| 174Yb

| 7−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-175

| 175Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 105

| 174.94128191(8)

| 4.185(1) d

| β−

| 175Lu

| 7/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-175m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 175mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 514.866(4) keV

| 68.2(3) ms

|IT

|175Yb

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-176

| 176Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 106

| 175.942574706(16)

| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 172Er or β−β− decay to 176Hf with a half-life over 160×1015 years

| 0+

| 0.12995(83)

|

|-id=Ytterbium-176m

|rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 176mYb

|rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1049.8(6) keV

|rowspan=2|11.4(3) s

|IT

|176Yb

|rowspan=2| 8−

|rowspan=2|

|rowspan=2|

|-

|β− (<10#%)

|176Lu

|-id=Ytterbium-177

| 177Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 107

| 176.94526385(24)

| 1.911(3) h

| β−

| 177Lu

| 9/2+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-177m

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177mYb

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 331.5(3) keV

| 6.41(2) s

| IT

| 177Yb

| 1/2−

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-178

| 178Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| 177.946669(7)

| 74(3) min

| β−

| 178Lu

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-179

| 179Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 109

| 178.94993(22)#

| 8.0(4) min

| β−

| 179Lu

| (1/2−)

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-180

| 180Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 110

| 179.95199(32)#

| 2.4(5) min

| β−

| 180Lu

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-181

| 181Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 111

| 180.95589(32)#

| 1# min [>300 ns]

| β−?

| 181Lu?

| 3/2−#

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-182

| 182YbCluster decay daughter of 232Th

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 112

| 181.95824(43)#

| 30# s [>300 ns]

| β−?

| 182Lu?

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-183

| 183Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 113

| 182.96243(43)#

| 30# s [>300 ns]

| β−?

| 183Lu?

| 3/2−#

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-184

| 184Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 114

| 183.96500(54)#

| 7# s [>300 ns]

| β−?

| 184Lu?

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-185

| 185Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 115

| 184.96943(54)#

| 5# s [>300 ns]

| β−?

| 185Lu?

| 9/2−#

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-186

| 186Yb{{cite journal |first1=O. B. |last1=Tarasov |first2=A. |last2=Gade |first3=K. |last3=Fukushima |display-authors=et al. |title=Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of 198Pt at FRIB |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=132 |number=072501 |date=2024 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501}}

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 116

|

|

|

|

| 0+

|

|

|-id=Ytterbium-187

| 187Yb

| style="text-align:right" | 70

| style="text-align:right" | 117

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

{{Isotopes table/footer}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Isotope masses from:
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • {{CIAAW2003}}
  • {{CIAAW 2005}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • {{NNDC}}
  • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

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Category:Ytterbium

Ytterbium