Israel Kirzner

{{Infobox economist

| school_tradition = Austrian School

| image = Israel Kirzner.jpg

| honorific_prefix = Rabbi

| name = Israel Kirzner

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1930|2|13}}

| birth_place = London, England

| children = 17

| death_date =

| death_place =

| field = Economics
Economic history

| doctoral_advisor = Ludwig von Mises

| academic_advisors =

| doctoral_students =

| notable_students =

| influences = Wieser, Mises, Hayek

| contributions =

}}

Israel Meir Kirzner (also Yisroel Mayer Kirzner {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɜr|z|n|ər}}; born February 13, 1930) is a British-born American economist, historian, rabbi, and Talmudist closely identified with the Austrian School.{{cite web|title=Interview|url=https://www.mises.org/journals/aen/aen17_1_1.asp|work=Austrian Economics Newsletter|publisher=Mises Institute|access-date=23 June 2013}}

Early life and education

The son of a well-known rabbi and Talmudist, Kirzner was born in London and reached the United States by way of South Africa.

After studying at the University of Cape Town, South Africa in 1947–48, and with the University of London External Programme in 1950–51, Kirzner received his B.A. summa cum laude from Brooklyn College in 1954, and an MBA in 1955 and Ph.D. in 1957 from New York University, where he studied under Ludwig von Mises.

Economics

File:Israel.kirzner.lecture.for.fee.july.28.2006.jpg on July 28, 2006]]

Kirzner is emeritus professor of economics at New York University and a leading authority on Ludwig von Mises's thinking and methodology in economics. Kirzner's research on entrepreneurship economics is also widely recognized.{{Cite web|url=http://swopec.hhs.se/iuiwop/abs/iuiwop0678.htm|title=Israel M. Kirzner: An Outstanding Austrian Contributor to the Economics of Entrepreneurship|last=Eliasson|first=Robin Douhan, Magnus Henrekson and Gunnar|website=swopec.hhs.se|access-date=2018-01-08}} His book, Competition and Entrepreneurship criticizes neoclassical theory for its preoccupation with the model of perfect competition, which neglects the important role of the entrepreneur in economic life. Kirzner's work integrating entrepreneurial action into neoclassical economics has been more widely accepted than nearly any other Austrian idea of the late twentieth century.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

In 2006, Kirzner received the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research{{Cite web |url=http://www.e-award.org/wfiles/The%20Global%20Award%20for%20Entrepreneurhsip.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306133652/http://e-award.org/wfiles/the%20global%20award%20for%20entrepreneurhsip.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-06 |url-status=dead }} "for developing the economic theory emphasizing the importance of the entrepreneur for economic growth and the functioning of the capitalist process."{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-award.org/web/2006_Israel_M_Kirzner.aspx|title=2006 Israel M. Kirzner|website=www.e-award.org|access-date=2018-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521101821/http://www.e-award.org/web/2006_Israel_M_Kirzner.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-21|url-status=dead}} While Kirzner's ideas have greatly impacted the field of entrepreneurship studies, he has mainly been associated with the opportunity discovery view. However, a careful reading of Kirzner's work would suggest that his work on entrepreneurship can be split into two camps, one focusing on discovery and the other on creation.{{Cite journal|last1=Korsgaard|first1=Steffen|last2=Berglund|first2=Henrik|last3=Blenker|first3=Per|last4=Thrane|first4=Claus|title=A Tale of Two Kirzners: Time, Uncertainty, and the 'Nature' of Opportunities|journal=Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice|year=2016|volume=40|issue=4|pages=867–889|doi=10.1111/etap.12151|s2cid=54681217|url=https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/107445022/Post_print_SteffenKorsgaard_2016_A_Tale_of_Two_Kirzners.pdf}}

Like Joseph Schumpeter, Kirzner's work can arguably be divided into Kirzner Mark I and Kirzner Mark II. Kirzner's major work is in the economics of knowledge and entrepreneurship and the ethics of markets. Kirzner has said that he agrees with Roger Garrison's statement that Kirzner's work takes the middle ground, as opposed to the recent, more extreme position of some Austrian School economists who deny the relevance of market equilibrium.

Universidad Francisco Marroquín granted him an Honorary Doctorate Degree for his contributions to economic theory. Honorary Doctoral Degrees at Universidad Francisco Marroquín UFM also named its Kirzner Entrepreneurship Center in his honor.{{Cite web|url=http://fce.ufm.edu/cms/es/descripcion-KEC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617224249/http://fce.ufm.edu/cms/es/descripcion-KEC|url-status=dead|title=Kirzner Entrepreneurship Center|archivedate=June 17, 2011}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufm.edu/cms/es/honorary-doctoral-degrees|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501185429/https://www.ufm.edu/cms/es/honorary-doctoral-degrees|url-status=dead|title=Honorary Doctoral Degrees at Universidad Francisco Marroquín|archivedate=May 1, 2011}}

Publications

Liberty Fund is currently publishing Israel Kizner's Collected Works in ten volumes under the supervision of Peter Boettke and Frederic Sautet. The first volume, The Economic Point of View, came out in December 2009, the second volume, Market Theory and the Price System, in May 2011 and the third volume, Essays on Capital, in June 2012. The fourth volume, Competition and Entrepreneurship, came out in 2013, which will also be the year of the 40th anniversary of the publication of the book.

Some of his works on economics include:

Books

Market Theory and the Price System. Van Nostrand, 1963.
An Essay on Capital. A.M. Kelley, 1966.
Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago, 1973. {{ISBN|0226437760}}.
Perception, Opportunity and Profit: Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship. Chicago, 1973.
[https://www.mises.org/books/pointofview.pdf The Economic Point of View: An Essay in the History of Economic Thought]. Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, 1976.
Discovery and the Capitalist Process. University of Chicago Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0226437779}}.
Discovery, Capitalism and Distributive Justice. Basil Blackwell, 1989.
The Meaning of Market Process. Routledge, 1992. {{ISBN|0415137381|0415068665}}.
The Driving Force of the Market. Routledge, 2000. {{ISBN|0415228239}}.

Articles

"Fifty Years of FEE – Fifty Years of Progress in Austrian Economics". The Freeman, Vol. 46, No. 5, May 1996. [https://archive.today/20201009012302/https://fee.org/articles/fifty-years-of-fee-fifty-years-of-progress-in-austrian-economics/ Archived] from [https://fee.org/articles/fifty-years-of-fee-fifty-years-of-progress-in-austrian-economics/ the original.]{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20201009012302/https://fee.org/articles/fifty-years-of-fee-fifty-years-of-progress-in-austrian-economics/ |date=2020-10-09 }} [https://fee.org/media/16426/1996-05.pdf Full issue available.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023240/https://fee.org/media/16426/1996-05.pdf |date=2017-10-20 }}
"Reflections on the Misesian Legacy in Economics". The Review of Austrian Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1996, pp. 143–154. {{doi|10.1007/BF01103334}}. {{issn|0889-3047}}. {{S2CID|144925158}}.
"Entrepreneurial Discovery and The Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach". Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 35, No. 1, March 1997, pp. 60–85. {{JSTOR|2729693}}.
"Human Action, 1949: A Dramatic Episode in Intellectual History". The Freeman, Vol. 59, No. 7, September 2009, pp. 8–11. [https://archive.today/20201009005241/https://fee.org/articles/human-action-1949-a-dramatic-episode-in-intellectual-history/ Archived] from [https://fee.org/articles/human-action-1949-a-dramatic-episode-in-intellectual-history/ the original.]{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20201009005241/https://fee.org/articles/human-action-1949-a-dramatic-episode-in-intellectual-history/ |date=2020-10-09 }} [https://fee.org/media/2963/2009-09-01freeman_full.pdf Full issue available.]

Judaic scholar

Kirzner is also an ordained rabbi and Talmudic scholar and serves as the rabbi of the congregation once headed by his father in Brooklyn, New York. He is one of the most famous disciples of Rabbi Isaac Hutner, the late dean of the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin, where he studied for many years during the same time that he obtained his academic training. Kirzner is an authority on Hutner's writings and is one of the few official editors of all sources that Hutner quotes.

Kirzner is a friend a former chavrusa of Rabbi Aharon Feldman, the Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivas Ner Yisroel.{{Cite web |title=Interview with Rabbi Aharon Feldman |url=https://www.maxraskin.com/interviews/rabbi-aharon-feldman |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Interviews with Max Raskin |language=en-US}}

References

{{cite encyclopedia |last=Doherty |first=Brian |author-link= Brian Doherty (journalist) |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Kirzner, Israel M. (1930– ) |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |year=2008 |publisher= Sage; Cato Institute |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n162 |isbn= 978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=271–272 |url-access=subscription }}
Ebeling, Richard M., [https://www.aier.org/article/happy-90th-birthday-professor-israel-kirzner/ "Happy 90th Birthday, Professor Israel Kirzner,"] American Institute for Economic Research, February 18, 2020

External links

[http://www.econ.nyu.edu/user/kirzner Israel Kirzner's Faculty Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704180313/http://www.econ.nyu.edu/user/kirzner |date=2012-07-04 }}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100615033624/http://libertyfund.org/details.aspx?id=2150 First volume of Israel M. Kirzner's Collected Works edited by Peter Boettke and Frederic Sautet published in 2009 by Liberty Fund]
[http://kirznerlinks.causaliberal.net Causa Liberal's Collection of Kirzner essay links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207061112/http://kirznerlinks.causaliberal.net/ |date=2021-12-07 }}
[https://www.mises.org/journals/aen/aen17_1_1.asp An Interview with Israel M. Kirzner: Between Mises and Keynes]
Article [https://mises.org/journals/NCDM%201-2_2011%20F-2%20vers%20stamp.pdf "Azione e funzione imprenditoriale: Kirzner e i suoi critici", by Adriano Gianturco Gulisano] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023045305/http://mises.org/journals/NCDM%201-2_2011%20F-2%20vers%20stamp.pdf |date=2014-10-23 }}, Nuova civilità delle macchine. Liberalismo e anarcocapitalismo, n° 1–2, 2011, pp. 371–396. (in Italian)
{{Internet Archive author |sname= Israel Kirzner}}
{{cite web |url= https://oll.libertyfund.org/person/israel-m-kirzner|title= Israe, Kirzner |publisher= Online Library of Liberty |accessdate= 6 August 2022}}