Istrian dialect

The dialect is spoken in Slovene Istria in most of the rural areas of the municipalities of Koper ({{langx|it|Capodistria}}), Izola ({{lang|it|Isola}}), Ankaran ({{lang|it|Ancarano}}), and Piran ({{lang|it|Pirano}}), as well as by the Slovenes living in the Italian municipalities of Muggia ({{langx|sl|Milje}}) and San Dorligo della Valle ({{lang|sl|Dolina}}), in the southern suburbs of Trieste ({{lang|sl|Trst}})—Servola ({{lang|sl|Škedenj}}) and Cattinara ({{lang|sl|Katinara}})Toporišič, Jože. 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, pp. 63, 257, 321.—and the Croatian villages of Slum and Brest. Notable settlements include Koper, Izola, Ankaran, Strunjan ({{langx|it|Strugnano}}), Piran, Portorož ({{lang|it|Portorose}}), Dragonja ({{lang|it|Dragogna}}), Vanganel, Marezige, Dekani, Spodnje Škofije, and Črni Kal in Slovenia, and Muggia, Stramare ({{langx|sl|Štramar}}), San Dorligo della Valle, and Trieste in Italy.

The Istrian dialect has lost pitch accent on both long and short vowels, and the Šavrin Hills subdialect has lost differentiation between long and short vowels completely, whereas the Rižana subdialect is in the late stages of losing differentiation.{{Harvcoltxt|Logar|1996|p=88–91}} It has undergone the {{Lang|sl|*ženȁ}} → {{Lang|sl|*žèna}}, {{Lang|sl|*məglȁ}} → {{Lang|sl|*mə̀gla}}, {{lang|sl|*visȍk}} → {{lang|sl|vìsok}}, {{Lang|sl|*ropotȁt}} → {{Lang|sl|*ròpotat}},{{Harvcoltxt|Šekli|2018|p=310–314}} and (partially) {{Lang|sl|*sěnȏ}} / {{Lang|sl|*prosȏ}} → {{Lang|sl|*sě̀no}} / {{Lang|sl|*pròso}} (e.g., {{lang|sl|ˈsiːenȯ}}) shifts.{{Harvcoltxt|Logar|1996|p=89}}

The dialect's phonology is in many aspects very close to the Inner Carniolan dialect, but in some features it barely shows similarities with other dialects from the Lower Carniolan dialect base. The greatest change happened to {{lang|sl|*ě̄}} and non-final {{lang|sl|*ě̀}}, which in the Lower Carniolan dialect base diphthongized into {{lang|sl|eːi̯}}, but then monophthongized into {{lang|sl|ẹː}} in some dialects. In the Istrian dialect, however, it diphthongized again, this time into {{lang|sl|iːe}}. Stressed {{lang|sl|*ę}} and {{lang|sl|*e}} turned into {{lang|sl|i̯eː}}. Stressed {{lang|sl|*ǫ}} turned into {{lang|sl|uːo}} or {{lang|sl|uːə}}. Short {{lang|sl|*ò}} turned into {{lang|sl|uː}} in all positions and {{lang|sl|*ō}} turned into {{lang|sl|uːo}}. The vowels {{lang|sl|*ù}} and {{lang|sl|*ū}} turned into {{lang|sl|yː}}, and in the south also into {{lang|sl|uː}}, {{lang|sl|əː}}, or {{lang|sl|u̯ə}}. In the Šavrin Hills subdialect, diphthongs have monophthongized for a second time; {{lang|sl|*ě}} turned into {{lang|sl|ẹː}}, {{lang|sl|*e}} and {{lang|sl|*ę}} turned into {{lang|sl|eː}}.

Newly accented {{lang|sl|*e}} turned into {{lang|sl|iːe}} in the north and into {{lang|sl|ä}}/{{lang|sl|ȧ}} in the south, and newly accented {{lang|sl|*ə}} remained {{lang|sl|ə}} in the north, but turned into {{lang|sl|ä}}/{{lang|sl|ȧ}} in the south. Newly accented {{lang|sl|*o}} turned into {{lang|sl|u̯ä}} in the south. Short accented {{lang|sl|*i}} and {{lang|sl|*u}}, or if before the accented syllable, turned into {{lang|sl|e}}. Final {{lang|sl|*o}} turned into {{lang|sl|ȯ}}, {{lang|sl|u}}, or {{lang|sl|u̯ə}}, final {{lang|sl|*ǫ}} turned into {{lang|sl|u̯o}}, and final {{lang|sl|*ę}} turned into {{lang|sl|i̯e}}.

Velar {{lang|sl|*ł}} remained velar before central and back vowels. The second Slavic palatalization is still present for dorsal consonants in the north: {{lang|sl|k}} →{{lang|sl|t’}}/{{lang|sl|ć}}/{{lang|sl|č}}, {{lang|sl|g}} → {{lang|sl|j}}, {{lang|sl|x}} → {{lang|sl|ś}}/{{lang|sl|š}}. Syllabic {{lang|sl|*ł̥̄}} turned into {{lang|sl|oːu̯}} or {{lang|sl|uː}}. The consonant {{lang|sl|*g}} turned into {{lang|sl|ɣ}} in the north and palatal sounds remained, except that {{lang|sl|*t’}} might have changed into {{lang|sl|ć}} or {{lang|sl|č}}. Final {{lang|sl|*m}} turned into {{lang|sl|n}}.

In the villages of Kubed, Gračišče, Hrastovlje, Dol pri Hrastovljah, and Zazid, the dialects lack the first monophthongization for {{lang|sl|*ě}}, and so it is still pronounced as {{lang|sl|*eːi̯}}, and {{lang|sl|iːe}} → {{lang|sl|i̯eː}}.{{Harvcoltxt|Logar|1996|p=89–90}}

The preposition pri is used with the genitive instead of the locative.{{Harvcoltxt|Logar|1996|p=88–89}} Apart from that, the morphology is poorly researched, but it is probably close to the Inner Carniolan dialect.

{{Main articles|Rižana subdialect|Šavrin Hills subdialect}}

The Istrian dialect is split into two subdialects: the northern, more archaic Rižana subdialect and the southern Šavrin Hills subdialect, which is more influenced by Croatian. The main differences are monophthongization and the loss of length differentiation in the Šavrin Hills dialect.

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Logar |first=Tine |title=Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša |year=1996 |isbn=961-6182-18-8 |editor-last=Kenda-Jež |editor-first=Karmen |location=Ljubljana |language=Sl |trans-title=Dialectological and etymological discussions |author-link=Tine Logar}}
• {{Cite book |last=Šekli |first=Matej |title=Topologija lingvogenez slovanskih jezikov |work=Collection Linguistica et philologica |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU |year=2018 |isbn=978-961-05-0137-4 |editor-last=Legan Ravnikar |editor-first=Andreja |location=Ljubljana |language=Sl |translator-last=Plotnikova |translator-first=Anastasija}}

{{Languages of Slovenia}}

{{Languages of Italy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Istrian dialect}}

Category:Slovene dialects