Italian profanity#Taxonomy
{{Short description|Profanities that are blasphemous or inflammatory in the Italian language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
File:Merda graffito Torino via Giulio 21 giugno 2016.jpg
Italian profanity ({{lang|it|bestemmia}}, {{plural form}}: {{lang|it|bestemmie}}, when referred to religious topics; {{lang|it|parolaccia}}, {{plural form}}: {{lang|it|parolacce}}, when not) are profanities that are blasphemous or inflammatory in the Italian language.
The Italian language is a language with a large set of inflammatory terms and phrases, almost all of which originate from the several dialects and languages of Italy, such as the Tuscan dialect, which had a very strong influence in modern standard Italian, and is widely known to be based on the Florentine language.{{cite web|url=http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/Italian2.html|title=A Brief History of the Italian Language |author=Cory Crawford|access-date=15 January 2007}} Several of these words have cognates in other Romance languages, such as Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, and French.
Profanities differ from region to region, but a number of them are diffused enough to be more closely associated to the Italian language, and are featured in all the more popular Italian dictionaries.
List of profanities in the Italian language
File:Scritta FROCIO al BiellaPride 2008 - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 14-June-2008 3.jpg
- {{lang|it|accidenti}} {{IPA|it|attʃiˈdɛnti|}}: ({{lit|accidents}}) used in the same context as the English "damn", either as an exclamation when something goes wrong or to wish harm (such as accidents) on someone (e.g. {{lang|it|"accidenti a te"}}, which can be translated as "damn you"). {{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/italian-english/accidenti|title=English Translation of "accidenti"|access-date=26 September 2018 |author=Collins English Dictionary|author-link=Collins English Dictionary}}
- {{lang|it|arrapare}}: sexually arouse someone. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/arrapare/
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/italian-english/arrapare
- {{lang|it|arrapato}}: sexually aroused {{Cite web |title=ARRAPATO - Treccani |url=https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/ricerca/ARRAPATO/Sinonimi_e_Contrari/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Treccani |language=it}}
- {{lang|it|arrapante}}: something or someone that arouses sexually, sexy https://www.wordreference.com/definizione/arrapante https://it.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/arrapante
- {{lang|it|arrapamento}} or {{lang|it|arrapatura}}: sexual arousal {{Citation |title=arrapamento |date=2023-08-25 |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arrapamento&oldid=75787810 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |access-date=2023-12-13 |language=en}}
- {{lang|it|baldracca}} (pl. {{lang|it|baldracche}}) {{IPA|it|balˈdrakka|}}: whore.{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/baldracca|title=Language Log |access-date=28 February 2016}}
- {{lang|it|bastardo}} (pl. {{lang|it|bastardi}}): bastard.
- {{lang|it|bazzotto}}/{{lang|it|barzotto}}: (referring to the penis) partially erect. {{cite web | url=https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/bazzotto | title=Bazzotto > significato - Dizionario italiano de Mauro }}
- {{lang|it|bocchino}} (pl. {{lang|it|bocchini}}) {{IPA|it|bokˈkiːno|}}: blowjob.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TvgV-NzAB2oC&q=bocchino+blowjob&pg=PA188|title=Talk Dirty Italian: Beyond Cazzo: The curses, slang, and street lingo you need to know when you speak italiano|author1=Alexis Munier|author2=Emmanuel Tichelli|year=2008|publisher=Adams media|isbn=9781440515835|access-date=31 March 2016}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- {{lang|it|cagare}} ({{lang|it|cacare}} is usually more common in Southern Italy. See Regional varieties of the Italian language): to shit, to defecate. It is used idiomatically to mean "to give a fuck" or, typically, "not to give a fuck" (with the verb in a negative form) about someone: {{lang|it|"A scuola nessuno mi caga"}} ("At school, nobody gives a fuck about me"). Cognate with Spanish and Portuguese {{lang|es|cagar}}, ultimately from Latin {{lang|la|cacare}}.
- {{lang|it|cagata/cacata}}: Bullshit, crap.
- {{lang|it|Vai a cagare/cacare}}: fuck you, fuck off.
- {{lang|it|cappella}}: the glans of the penis. {{Cite web |title=cappella: significato e definizione - Dizionari |url=https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/C/cappella.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=cappella: significato e definizione - Dizionari - La Repubblica |language=it}}
- {{lang|it|scappellare}}: to lower the foreskin to uncover the glans. {{cite web | url=https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/scappellare | title=Scappellare > significato - Dizionario italiano de Mauro }}
- {{lang|it|cazzo}} (pl. {{lang|it|cazzi}}) {{IPA|it|ˈkattso|}}: ({{lit|dick|cock|prick}}) used in countless expressions to convey a variety of emotions such as anger, frustration, or surprise in a way similar to how ‘fuck’ is used in English.
- {{lang|it|cazzo}}: fuck/shit/hell.
- {{lang|it|che cazzo}}: what the hell/fuck.
- {{lang|it|e che cazzo}}/{{lang|it|ecche cazzo}}: for fuck’s sake!, oh come on!, seriously?!?
- {{lang|it|che cazzo fai?}}: what the hell/fuck are you doing?
- {{lang|it|cazzata}}: bullshit.
- {{lang|it|cazzo in culo}}: cock up your ass.
- {{lang|it|testa di cazzo}}: dick-head.
- {{lang|it|incazzarsi}}: to get pissed off.
- {{lang|it|incazzato}}: pissed off; {{lang|it|incazzato nero}}: really pissed off.
- {{lang|it|incazzatura}}: rage, anger. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/incazzatura/ https://de.pons.com/%C3%BCbersetzung/italienisch-englisch/incazzatura
- {{lang|it|incazzoso}}: someone who gets angry easily. {{Cite web |title=Dizionario Italiano online Hoepli - Parola, significato e traduzione |url=https://dizionari.hoepli.it/Dizionario_Italiano/parola/I/incazzoso.aspx |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=}}
- {{Lang|it|cazzeggiare}}: to fuck around.{{Cite web |title=voce cazzeggiare |publisher=Garzanti |url=http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=cazzeggiare |language=it |access-date=2020-04-05}}
- {{lang|it|cazzeggio}}: the act of fucking around. https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/C/cazzeggio.html https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/cazzeggio
- {{lang|it|cazzone}} ({{lit|big dick}}): stupid and foolish person. https://www.wordreference.com/iten/cazzone?s=stronzo%2C%20cazzone https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=CAZZONE100
- {{lang|it|cazzuto}}: very smart and tough person, badass.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-21 |title=cazzuto: definizione dal dizionario di italiano {{!}} Sapere.it |url=https://www.sapere.it/sapere/dizionari/dizionari/Italiano/C/CA/cazzuto.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.sapere.it |language=it}}
- {{lang|it|scazzare}}: this word has many meanings: to annoy, bore, irritate someone, to fight with someone, to make somebody angry, to talk bullshit and to make mistakes.{{cite web | url=https://www.wordreference.com/iten/scazzare | title=Scazzare - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference }}
- {{lang|it|scazzato}}: bored or angry person. {{cite web | url=https://www.wordreference.com/iten/scazzato | title=Scazzato - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference }}
- {{lang|it|scazzo}}: difficult situation, boredom or fight, quarrel. https://www.wordreference.com/iten/scazzo https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/S/scazzo.html
- {{lang|it|coglione}} (pl. {{lang|it|coglioni}}) {{IPA|it|koʎˈʎoːne|}}: a vulgar version of testicle; when referring to a person, it usually means idiot, berk, twit, fool. In addition, it can be used in several phrases, such as:
- {{lang|it|avere i coglioni}} ({{lit|to have testicles}}), to be very courageous.
- {{lang|it|avere i coglioni girati}} ({{lit|to have twisted testicles}}), to be angry/in a bad mood.
- {{lang|it|avere i coglioni pieni}} ({{lit|to have the testicles full}}), being fed up/have had enough/be sick and tired of something.
- {{lang|it|essere un coglione}}, to be a jerk or fool.
Note that when said to a close friend ({{lang|it|"ma quanto sei coglione"}}), the word is not really offensive.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} {{lang|it|Coglione}} was also featured in worldwide news when used by ex Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, referring to those who would not vote for him during the 2006 Italian election campaign.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4890888.stm|title=Berlusconi's poll fight ends with a bang|access-date=16 May 2007|work=BBC News|author=BBC|author-link=BBC|date=8 April 2006}} It derives from Latin {{lang|la|coleo}} (pl. {{lang|la|coleones}}), and is thus cognate to the Spanish {{lang|es|cojones}} and Portuguese {{lang|pt|colhões}}.
- {{lang|it|coglionata}}: speech or action of a stupid person. https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/coglionata https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/C/coglionata.html
- {{lang|it|coglionaggine}} or {{lang|it|coglioneria}}: behavior or action of a stupid person, fuckwittery. https://www.wordreference.com/iten/coglionaggine https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/C/coglioneria.html
- {{lang|it|coglionare}}: to make fun of someone, to deride. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/coglionare/ https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/coglionare
- {{lang|it|coglionatura}} or {{lang|it|coglionella}}: mockery, derision. {{cite web | url=https://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_inglese/Italiano/C/coglionatura.shtml | title=Coglionatura: Traduzione e significato in Italiano | Dizionario di Inglese | Corriere.it }}
- {{lang|it|coglionatore}}: a person who make fun of someone, mocker. {{cite web | url=https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=COGLIONATORE100 | title=Dizionario Italiano Olivetti }}
- {{lang|it|coglionatorio}}: mocking, derisive. {{cite web | url=https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=COGLIONATORIO100 | title=Dizionario Italiano Olivetti }}
- {{lang|it|scoglionare}}: to annoy, to irritate someone. {{cite web | url=https://www.grandidizionari.it/Dizionario_Italiano/parola/S/scoglionarsi.aspx?query=scoglionarsi | title=Dizionario Italiano online Hoepli - Parola, significato e traduzione }}
- {{lang|it|scoglionato}}: annoyed, irritated person. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/scoglionato/ https://www.wordreference.com/iten/scoglionato
- {{lang|it|scoglionatura}} or {{lang|it|scoglionamento}}: boredom, irritation. https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/scoglionatura https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/ricerca/scoglionamento/
- {{lang|it|rincoglionire}}: to make someone stupid or to become stupid. https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/R/rincoglionire.html
https://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_italiano/R/rincoglionire.shtml
- {{lang|it|rincoglionito}}: person who has become stupid or who is acting stupid. {{cite web | url=https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/rincoglionito | title=Rincoglionito > significato - Dizionario italiano de Mauro }}
- {{lang|it|rincoglionimento}}: the action and the result of becoming stupid. {{cite web | url=https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/rincoglionimento/ | title=Rincoglioniménto - Treccani }}
- {{lang|it|rompicoglioni}} or {{lang|it|scassacoglioni}}: unbearable and irritating person, pain in the ass. https://en.pons.com/translate/italian-english/rompicoglioni
- {{lang|it|cornuto}} (pl. {{lang|it|cornuti}}) {{IPA|it|korˈnuːto|}}:{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/yoursay/200505/425.shtml|title=BBC Languages — Lost in words|access-date=9 June 2007|author=BBC|author-link=BBC}} ({{lit|horned}}See the corresponding French {{lang|fr|porter des cornes}}; deriving from the mating habits of stags, who forfeit their mates when they are defeated by another male.) cuckold,{{cite web |title=cornuto |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/cornuto |access-date=6 July 2017 |publisher=WordReference.com}} referring to a male whose female partner is cheating on him (or vice versa in the feminine form {{lang|it|cornuta}}). Occasionally, it might be accompanied by the corna gesture when the word is used as a direct insult. In Southern Italy, it is considered a rough insult.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
- {{lang|it|culo}} (pl. {{lang|it|culi}}) {{IPA|it|ˈkuːlo|}}:{{cite web|url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002820.html|title=Language Log |access-date=9 June 2007|author=University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania}} a crude term for "buttocks", comparable to the English word "ass" or "arse". It can also mean luck, as in {{lang|it|"è solo/tutto culo"}} ("it's just/all luck") or {{lang|it|"che culo!"}} ("what a stroke of luck!" or "lucky bastard!" depending on tone and context). The popular expression {{lang|it|"avere una faccia da culo"}} ({{lit|to have an ass-like face}}) indicates a cheeky, brazen-faced person. In some southern regions, {{lang|it|"stare sul/in culo"}} ({{lit|to be on/in the ass}}) is used as a variant of {{lang|it|"stare sul cazzo"}}, both indicating dislike for someone. It derives from Latin {{lang|la|culus}}. In Northern Italy, may also translate as "faggot", see entries below:
- {{lang|it|culattone}} (pl. {{lang|it|culattoni}}): faggot.{{cite web|title=Dizionario di Inglese|work=Culattone|url=http://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_inglese/Italiano/C/culattone.shtml|access-date=16 November 2017}}
- {{lang|it|inculare}}: to sodomize or (figurative) to cheat.{{cite web|title=inculare|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/inculare|access-date=30 October 2017}} {{lang|it|"Inculare"}} can also be used for thieving, e.g. {{lang|it|"Un tamarro dietro l'angolo voleva incularmi la Vespa"}} = "A boor behind the corner wanted to steal my Vespa".{{cite web | url = https://italodanceportal.com/node/1001408 | author = Elio e le storie tese | title = Elio E Le Storie Tese - Shpalman Lyrics with English Translation | accessdate = 2023-06-13 }} In Northern Italy the reflexive form {{lang|it|incularsi}} ({{literal translation}} "to sodomize oneself") may be used to tell someone to "go fuck themself".
- {{lang|it|Dio cane}}: ({{lit|God dog}}) extremely rude and strong profanity used as an exclamation like "God damn!"; considered blasphemous by religious individuals, similar to {{lang|it|Dio porco}} and {{lang|it|porco Dio}}.
- {{lang|it|ditalino}} (pl. {{lang|it|ditalini}}): ({{lit|small thimble}}) fingering, female masturbation.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSErq0ssG74C&q=ditalino+woman+masturbation+english&pg=PT40|title=Filthy English: The How, Why, When And What Of Everyday Swearing|access-date=22 April 2016|author=Peter Silverton|publisher=Portobello Books|year=2011|isbn=9781846274527}}
- {{lang|it|sditalinare}}: to stimulate the female genitalia with fingers, to fingerfuck. {{cite web | url=https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/sditalinare | title=Sditalinare | date=June 2023 }}{{cite web | url=https://slengo.it/define/sditalinare | title=Slengo | Cosa significa sditalinare? }}
- {{lang|it|fava}} (pl. {{lang|it|fave}}): ({{lit|fava bean}}); dick; common in Tuscany.
- {{lang|it|fica}} or {{lang|it|figa}} (pl. {{lang|it|fiche}} or {{lang|it|fighe}}) {{IPA|it|ˈfiːka|}} {{IPA|it|ˈfiːga|}}: pussy. In past times, it was also the name of an obscene gesture called {{lang|it|gesto delle fiche}}. It also means sexy, hot, and attractive if referring to a woman (or a man when saying {{lang|it|figo}}) Contrary to popular belief, {{lang|it|figa}} is not necessarily an offensive term. If referring to a guy ({{lang|it|figo}}), it means someone really cool, a stud,{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/italian-english/figo|title=figo|work=Collins Italian-English Dictionary|access-date=8 April 2017 |publisher=Collins}} someone "who always knows how to get pussy." {{lang|it|Figo}} may also mean someone really skilled in doing something. When referring to a woman, the term {{lang|it|strafiga}} means "smoking hot". The derived term {{lang|it|figata}} means something cool. A less common synonym, mainly used in Rome and Naples respectively, is {{lang|it|fregna}}{{cite book|title=Talk Dirty Italian: Beyond Cazzo: The curses, slang, and street lingo you need to know when you speak italiano|author=Alexis Munier, Emmanuel Tichelli|publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2008 |isbn=9781440515828 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dM_rDQAAQBAJ&q=figata+cool&pg=PT67 |access-date=6 July 2017}} and {{lang|it|fessa}}. (even if {{lang|it|fessa}}, m. {{lang|it|fesso}}, can simply mean pussy, but also stupid girl)
- {{lang|it|finocchio}} (pl. {{lang|it|finocchi}}) {{IPA|it|fiˈnɔkkjo|}}: ({{lit|fennel}}) a male homosexual; faggot; poof. A suggestive and very popular hypothesis suggests it may derive from the age of the Holy Inquisition in the Papal State, when fennel seeds would be thrown on homosexuals executed by burning at the stake—in order to mitigate the stench of burned flesh. However, there is no proof that this is the case.{{cite web |url=http://www.giovannidallorto.com/cultura/checcabolario/finocchio.html|title=G. Dall'Orto: checcabolario (in Italian)|author=Giovanni Dall'Orto|author-link=Giovanni Dall'Orto}}
- {{lang|it|fottere}} to fuck, commonly used in the expression {{lang|it|"vai a farti fottere,"}} meaning "go and get fucked," or "go fuck yourself";{{cite web |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/italian-english/fottere|title=Translation of "fottere" — Italian–English dictionary|author=Cambridge Dictionary|author-link=Cambridge Dictionary}} {{lang|it|ciulare}} and {{lang|it|chiavare}} are synonyms, used in the North and in the South, respectively.
- {{lang|it|frocio}} (pl. {{lang|it|froci}}) {{IPA|it|ˈfrɔːtʃo|}}: roughly equivalent to the American "faggot", this term originated in Rome, but is now widely used nationwide. Less-used synonyms include: {{lang|it|ricchione}} (mainly Southern Italy, especially in Campania); {{lang|it|culattone}} or {{lang|it|culo}} (mainly in Northern Italy); {{lang|it|busone}} (common in Emilia-Romagna, and also a rough synonym for "lucky"); {{lang|it|buco}} or {{lang|it|bucaiolo}} (common in Tuscany); and {{lang|it|finocchio}} (see). The usage of this word in Italian may be considered by some individuals as homophobic and politically incorrect.{{cite book|title=Italia yes Italia no: Che cosa capisci del nostro paese quando vai a vivere a Londra|year=2014|first=Caterina|last=Soffici|publisher=Feltrinelli Editore|isbn=9788858817209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=897qAgAAQBAJ&q=frocio+omofobo&pg=PT78|access-date=16 November 2017}}
- {{lang|it|gnocca}} (pl. {{lang|it|gnocche}}) {{IPA|it|ˈɲɔkka|}}:{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/italian/cool/pulling.shtml|title=BBC Languages — Cool Italian|access-date=9 June 2007|author=BBC|author-link=BBC}} typical Bolognese version of {{lang|it|figa}}; is mostly conjugated in its feminine form, although sometimes can be used in the masculine form. Although very vulgar, it is not offensive, but instead complimentary. Indeed, it is used nationwide to refer to an attractive woman.
- {{lang|it|gonfiare}} ({{lit|to inflate}}): to ingravidate, to knock up https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/gonfiare https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/gonfiare/
- {{lang|it|grilletto}} ({{lit|trigger}}) clitoris, clit. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/grilletto/ https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/grilletto
- {{lang|it|sgrillettare}}: to stimulate the clitoris. {{cite web | url=https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/sgrillettare | title=Sgrillettare | date=23 November 2023 }}
- {{lang|it|maiala}} {{IPA|it|maˈja.la|}}: ({{lit|sow}}) slut, used to insult or label a woman who is overly sexual or sexually promiscuous; common in Tuscany and Umbria.
- {{lang|it|mannaggia}} {{IPA|it|manˈnaddʒa|}}: a generic expression of frustration, mostly used in Southern Italy. It is not considered particularly vulgar or insulting, and is most often used jokingly; often translated as "damn" in English. The term comes from the contraction of a former utterance, "{{lang|nap|mal ne aggia}}," which in Neapolitan language means "may he/she get mischief out of it." Also used in books written in English, such as Mario Puzo's The Fortunate Pilgrim.{{cite web|url=http://www.uvm.edu/~arosa/Italianterms.html|title=Language Log|access-date=9 June 2007 |author=University of Vermont|author-link=University of Vermont}}
- {{lang|it|merda}} (pl. {{lang|it|merde}}) {{IPA|it|ˈmɛrda|}}: roughly the same as English word "shit". Cognate to Spanish {{lang|es|mierda}} and French {{lang|fr|merde}}.{{cite web|title=merda|url=http://context.reverso.net/translation/italian-english/merda|access-date=6 January 2017}}
- {{lang|it|smerdare}}: to shame, to take down a peg or two.{{Cite web |url=http://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_inglese/Italiano/S/smerdare.shtml |publisher=Corriere della Sera |title=On-line dictionary, "smerdare" entry |access-date=25 February 2018}}
- {{lang|it|mignotta}} (pl. {{lang|it|mignotte}}) {{IPA|it|miɲˈɲɔtta|}}: same meaning of {{lang|it|puttana}}; according to some sources,F. Ravano, Dizionario romanesco, Roma, 1994. it may be the contraction of the Latin {{lang|la|matris ignotae}} ("of unknown mother"), where the note {{lang|la|filius m. ignotae}} ("son of unknown mother") appeared in the registries that referred to abandoned children; other sources{{cite web|url=http://www.etimo.it/?term=mignotta|title=Etimologia : mignotta;|work=etimo.it}} derive it from the French {{lang|fr|mignoter}} ("to caress") or {{lang|fr|mignon/mignonne}}.
- {{lang|it|minchia}} (pl. {{lang|it|minchie}}) {{IPA|it|ˈmiŋkja|}}: the same meaning as {{lang|it|cazzo}}, but notably a feminine name. Originates from Sicilian language;{{cite book|last=Speziale-Bagliacca|first=Roberto|url=https://archive.org/details/onshouldersoffre00spez|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/onshouldersoffre00spez/page/55 55]|quote=Minchia Sicily.|title=On the Shoulders of Freud: Freud, Lacan, and the Psychoanalysis of Phallic Ideology|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=1991|isbn=0-88738-409-9}} nowadays, it is common anywhere in Italy, where it is also used as exclamation of surprise, or even appreciation. It derives from Latin {{lang|la|mentula}}.
- {{lang|it|Testa di minchia}}: Dickhead.
- {{lang|it|Minchione}}: Muggins, simpleton, fool.
- {{lang|it|Minchiata}}: Bullshit, crap.
- {{lang|it|Minchia!}}: Damn! Shit! Hell!
- {{lang|it|Bimbominkia}}: Stupid kid, especially referring to internet users.
- {{lang|it|mona}} (pl. {{lang|it|mone}}): dialectic form of "cunt" or "pussy." Commonly used in North Eastern Italy, more specifically in Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.Cinque espressioni del dialetto veneto intraducibili in italiano, article of 16/07/2014 on [https://www.cinquecosebelle.it/cinque-espressioni-del-dialetto-veneto-intraducibili-italiano/ www.cinquecosebelle.it] (31 March 2016).
- {{lang|it|palla}} or {{lang|it|balla}}: ({{lit|ball}}) testicle, used chiefly in the plural form. {{cite web | url=https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/P/palla.html | title=Palla: Significato e definizione - Dizionari }}
- {{lang|it|che palle!}}: what a pain in the ass! {{cite web | url=https://www.wordreference.com/iten/che%20palle! | title=Che20palle! - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference }}
- {{lang|it|alla pecorina/a pecorina}}: ({{lit|sheep style}}) doggy-style.
- {{lang|it|pisciare}}: to piss. name="https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/pisciare" https://www.wordreference.com/iten/pisciare
- {{lang|it|pisciata}}: act of urinating, the emitted urine. {{cite web | url=https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/P/pisciata.html | title=Pisciata: Significato e definizione - Dizionari }}
- {{lang|it|piscio}} or {{lang|it|piscia}}: urine, piss. https://www.wordreference.com/iten/piscio https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/P/piscia.html
- {{lang|it|pisciatoio}}: urinal, pisser. https://www.grandidizionari.it/Dizionario_Italiano/parola/P/pisciatoio.aspx https://www.wordreference.com/iten/pisciatoio
- {{lang|it|piscioso}}: covered in piss, pissy. https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/piscioso https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/P/piscioso.html
- {{lang|it|porca Madonna}}: ({{lit|pig Virgin Mary}}) extremely rude and strong profanity used as an exclamation; considered blasphemous by religious individuals.
- {{lang|it|porco Dio}}: ({{lit|pig God}}) also {{lang|it|Dio porco}}, extremely rude and strong profanity used as an exclamation like "God damn!"; considered blasphemous by religious individuals.
- {{lang|it|pompa}} (pl. {{lang|it|pompe}}): ({{lit|pump}}) blowjob.
- {{lang|it|pompino}} (pl. {{lang|it|pompini}}): ({{lit|small pump}}) blowjob.
- {{lang|it|pompinaro}} (f. {{lang|it|pompinara}}, pl. {{lang|it|pompinari/pompinare}}): cock-sucker,{{cite web|title=pompinaro|url=http://context.reverso.net/translation/italian-english/pompinaro|access-date=6 January 2017}} person prone to perform oral sexual activities. More often used towards women.
- {{lang|it|puttana}} (pl. {{lang|it|puttane}}) {{IPA|it|putˈtaːna|}}: whore, prostitute.
- {{lang|it|andare a puttane}}: ({{lit|to go to prostitutes}}), to go with prostitutes, idiomatically it also means "to fall apart" or "go to shit", used when something fails, collapses or is ruined.{{cite web|title=Andare a puttane|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/Andare%20a%20puttane|access-date=30 October 2017}}
- {{lang|it|puttanata}}: crap, bullshit, rubbish.{{cite web|title=puttanata|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/puttanata|access-date=30 October 2017}}
- {{lang|it|puttanaio}}: brothel{{Cite web |url=http://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano-Inglese/P/puttanaio.php |title=On-line dictionary, "puttanaio" entry |publisher=La Repubblica |access-date=25 February 2018}} or "fuckload."{{cite web |url=http://context.reverso.net/translation/italian-english/puttanaio |title=Translation of "puttanaio" in English |publisher=Reverso context |access-date=25 February 2018}}
- {{lang|it|puttaniere}}: whoremonger, pimp.{{Cite web|url=http://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_inglese/Italiano/P/puttaniere.shtml | publisher = Corriere della Sera |title = On-line dictionary, "puttaniere" entry | access-date = 25 February 2018}}
- {{lang|it|puttaneggiare}}: to walk the streets, to be a prostitute. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/puttaneggiare/ https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/P/puttaneggiare.html
- {{lang|it|puttaneggiamento}}: the act of walking the streets, the behavior of a prostitute. https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/puttaneggiamento/ https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=PUTTANEGGIAMENTO100
- {{lang|it|puttanesimo}}: prostitution. {{cite web | url=https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/puttanesimo | title=Puttanesimo | date=9 September 2023 }}
- {{lang|it|puttanesco}}: of a prostitute, typical of a prostitute. {{cite web | url=https://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_italiano/P/puttanesco.shtml | title=Puttanesco: Definizione e significato - Dizionario italiano - Corriere.it }}
- {{lang|it|puttanella}}: a young prostitute or a promiscuous girl. {{cite web | url=https://www.wordreference.com/iten/puttanella | title=Puttanella - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference }}
- {{lang|it|sputtanare}}: to discredit.{{cite web|title=sputtanare|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/sputtanare|access-date=30 October 2017}}
- {{lang|it|sputtanata}} or {{lang|it|sputtanamento}}: the action of discrediting someone https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/sputtanata https://www.grandidizionari.it/Dizionario_Italiano/parola/S/sputtanamento.aspx
- {{lang|it|sputtanato}}: that has been discredited {{cite web | url=https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/sputtanato/ | title=Sputtanato - Treccani }}
- {{lang|it|imputtanare}}: the same thing as {{lang|it|andare a puttane}} {{cite web | url=https://www.wordreference.com/enit/cockup | title=Cockup - Dizionario inglese-italiano WordReference }}
- {{lang|it|ricchione}} (pl. {{lang|it|ricchioni}}) {{IPA|it|rikˈkjoːne|}}: faggot.{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/ricchione|title=Language Log |access-date=28 February 2016}}
- {{lang|it|sborra}} (or {{lang|it|sborro, sburro, sbora}}; related verb: {{lang|it|sborrare}}): cum.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MynkormjkSUC&q=Dirty+Italian:|title=Dirty Italian: Everyday Slang from "What's Up?" to "F*%# Off!"|access-date=22 April 2016|author=Gabrielle Euvino|publisher=Ulysses Press|year=2012|isbn=9781612430225}}
- {{lang|it|schizzare}} to cum, to jizz, to spooge {{cite web | url=https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/schizzare | title=Schizzare | date=20 September 2023 }}
- {{lang|it|scopare}} {{IPA|it|skoˈpaːre|}}: to fuck ({{lit|to sweep}}).{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/scopare|title=Language Log|access-date=28 February 2016}}
- {{lang|it|scoreggia}} (pl. {{lang|it|scoregge}}) {{IPA|it|skorˈreddʒa|}}: fart.{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/scoreggia|title=Language Log |access-date=28 February 2016}}
- {{lang|it|sega}} (pl. {{lang|it|seghe}}) {{IPA|it|ˈseːga|}}: wank, handjob. Literally, the term could be translated as "saw."{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccmcAQAAQBAJ&q=sega+wank&pg=PA301|title=Compact Oxford Italian Dictionary|year=2013|author1=Pat Bulhosen|author2=Francesca Logi|author3=Loredana Riu|publisher=OUP|isbn=9780199663132|access-date=31 March 2016}} The derivative verb is not only {{lang|it|segare}} (which, in this context, is usually used in the reflexive form "segarsi"), but more commonly {{lang|it|fare/[farsi] una sega}} (get a handjob /[from yourself; to jerk off]).{{cite web|title=Fare una sega |url=http://context.reverso.net/traduzione/italiano-inglese/fare+una+sega|website=context.reverso.net|access-date=21 June 2017}}
- {{lang|it|segaiolo}}: wanker.segaiólo, [http://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano-Inglese/S/segaiolo.php dizionari.repubblica.it].
- {{lang|it|segone}}: mook, loser.{{lang|it|Traduzione di "segone" in inglese}}, [http://context.reverso.net/traduzione/italiano-inglese/segone context.reverso.net].
- {{lang|it|mezza sega}} ({{lit|half saw}}): lightweight, pipsqueak."be a pipsqueak" traduzione italiano, [http://it.bab.la/dizionario/inglese-italiano/be-a-pipsqueak it.bab.la].
- {{lang|it|spagnola}} (pl. spagnole): ({{lit|Spanish [girl]}}) titty-fuck, tit-job.
- {{lang|it|sfiga}} (pl. {{lang|it|sfighe}}): Literally "without pussy." Has the meaning of "bad luck."{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/sfiga|title=sfiga|access-date=8 April 2017|publisher=WordReference}} A typical exclamation when something goes wrong in Italy is {{lang|it|"che sfiga!"}} ("What a bad luck!")
- {{lang|it|sfigato}} (pl. {{lang|it|sfigati}}): Literally means "without {{lang|it|figa}}," in English "without pussy." It can be translated as "loser", "unlucky" or "uncool" person.{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/sfigato|title=sfigato|access-date=8 April 2017|publisher=WordReference}}
- {{lang|it|spregnare}}: to give birth, or, to abort {{cite web | url=https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/spregnare | title=Spregnare > significato - Dizionario italiano de Mauro }}
- {{lang|it|stronzo}} (pl. {{lang|it|stronzi}}) {{IPA|it|ˈstrontso|}}: Literally "turd",{{cite web|publisher=WordReference|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/stronzo|title=Stronzo}} but also "arsehole" or "asshole", "bitch", "idiot", "stupid", "sod." It is used as an adjective to indicate that somebody is really a bad, cruel man/woman.
- {{lang|it|troia}} (pl. {{lang|it|troie}}) {{IPA|it|ˈtrɔːja|}}, ({{lit|sow}}): bitch, slut,{{cite web|title=troia|url=http://context.reverso.net/translation/italian-english/troia|access-date=6 January 2017}} slovenly woman or whore.
- {{lang|it|vaffanculo}} {{IPA|it|vaffaŋˈkuːlo|}}: "fuck you!", "fuck off!", "bugger off!". A contraction of {{lang|it|"va' a fare in culo"}} (literally "go do [it] in the ass"). {{lang|it|"Vattela a pijà 'n der culo"}} is the Romanesco form for {{lang|it|vaffanculo}}, while in Northern Italy {{lang|it|"vai a cagare"}} (lit. "go to shit") is also used, {{lang|it|"vai a dar via il culo"}} ({{lit|go sell your arse}}), {{lang|it|"fottiti"}} ("go fuck yourself") or "inculati" ({{literal translation}}"sodomize yourself"). In the Neapolitan language, it is pronounced {{lang|it|"va fangool"}}; and at times, the "va" is omitted, as demonstrated in the film Grease (at the end of the "Sandra Dee" skit, performed by Stockard Channing).
- {{lang|it|zoccola}} (pl. {{lang|it|zoccole}}) {{IPA|it|ˈdzɔkkola|}}: slut, whore; bitch; {{lang|it|zoccola}} also means "sewer rat."{{cite web |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/zoccola|title=Language Log|access-date=22 February 2013}}
Profanity in literature
Italian writers have often used profanity for the "spice" it adds to their publications. This is an example from a seventeenth century collection of tales, the Pentamerone,Gianbattista Basile, (1634) [http://www.letteraturaitaliana.net/pdf/Volume_6/t133.pdf {{lang|it|Lo cunto de li cunti}}, also known as The Pentameron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204015447/http://www.letteraturaitaliana.net/pdf/Volume_6/t133.pdf |date=4 December 2010 }}. The title can be translated as The Tale of Tales. by the Neapolitan Giambattista Basile:
{{lang|it|"Ah, zoccaro, frasca, merduso, piscialetto, sauteriello de zimmaro, pettola a culo, chiappo de 'mpiso, mulo canzirro! ente, ca pure le pulece hanno la tosse! va', che te venga cionchia, che mammata ne senta la mala nuova, che non ce vide lo primmo de maggio! Va', che te sia data lanzata catalana o che te sia dato stoccata co na funa, che non se perda lo sango, o che te vangano mille malanne, co l'avanzo e priesa e vento alla vela, che se ne perda la semmenta, guzzo, guitto, figlio de 'ngabellata, mariuolo!"}}This tirade could be translated from Neapolitan as follows:
"Ah, good for nothing, feather, full of shit, bed-pisser, jack of the harpsichord, shirt on the arse, loop of the hanged, hard-headed mule! Look, now also lice cough loudly! Go, that palsy get you, that your mom get the bad news, that you cannot see the first of May. Go, that a Catalan spear pass through you, that a rope be tied around your neck, so that your blood won't be lost, that one thousand illnesses, and someone more, befall you, coming in full wind; that your name be lost, brigand, penniless, son of a whore, thief!"Francis Ford Coppola had some characters in The Godfather use untranslated profanity. For instance, when Sonny Corleone found out that Paulie Gatto had sold out his father to the Barzinis, he called Gatto "that {{lang|it|stronz}}." Also, when Connie Corleone learned Carlo Rizzi was cheating on her, Carlo snapped: "Hey, {{lang|it|vaffancul}}, eh?" Connie then yelled back, "I'll {{lang|it|vaffancul}} you!"
Blasphemous profanity
File:5889 - Venezia - Santo Stefano - Lapide su facciata (1633) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 12-Aug-2007.jpg forbidding gambling, selling goods, and blaspheming]]
Profanities in the original meaning of blasphemous profanity are part of the ancient tradition of the comic cults, which laughed and scoffed at the deity.Bakhtin 1941, "Introduction", p. 5–6. In Europe during the Middle Ages, the most improper and sinful "oaths" were those invoking the body of the Lord and its various parts—such as Bergamo dialect expression {{lang|it|pota de Cristo}} ("Christ's cunt")—which resulted in these oaths being used the most frequently.Bakhtin 1941, chap. 2 "The Language of the Marketplace in Rabelais", p. 188–194.
Nowadays, the most common kind of blasphemous profanity involves the name of God ({{lang|it|Dio}}), Christ ({{lang|it|Cristo}}), Jesus ({{lang|it|Gesù}}), or the Virgin Mary ({{lang|it|Madonna}}), combined with an insult or sometimes an animal—the most used being {{lang|it|porco}} ("pig"), as in {{lang|it|porco Dio}} ("God [is a] pig") and {{lang|it|porca Madonna}} ("the Virgin Mary [is a] pig"); or {{lang|it|cane}} ("dog"), as in {{lang|it|Dio cane}} ("God [is a] dog").
Common blasphemous profanities in Italian are: {{lang|it|porco Dio}} (often written {{lang|it|porcodio}} or also {{lang|it|porcoddio}}, more rarely as {{lang|it|porco Iddio}}); {{lang|it|Dio cane}} ("God [is a] dog"); {{lang|it|Dio merda}}; {{lang|it|Dio bestia}}; {{lang|it|Dio maiale}}; {{lang|it|porco Gesù}}; {{lang|it|Gesù cane}}; {{lang|it|Madonna puttana}}; {{lang|it|porco il Cristo}}; {{lang|it|Dio stronzo;}} and {{lang|it|Dio Fauss}} with "Fauss" meaning "false, hypocrite" in Piedmont dialect (or {{lang|it|Dio Fa}}, more colloquially).
Another common formula for blasphemy combines a divinity, an animal and an atrocious death, like in {{lang|it|dio porco scannato}}.
In some areas of Italy,{{cite news|newspaper=Quotidiano Piemontese|url=http://www.quotidianopiemontese.it/2017/03/29/sindaco-di-novara-bestemmia-durante-il-consiglio-comunale/#.WP83b9LyjIU|title=Sindaco di Novara bestemmia durante il consiglio comunale|date=29 March 2017|access-date=25 April 2017}} such as Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Umbria, Marche, Lazio, Abruzzo, Emilia Romagna, Piedmont, Lombardy, and Tuscany, blasphemy is more common, but not because of a strong anti-Catholic sentiment.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} Tuscany and Veneto are the regions where {{lang|it|bestemmiare}} is most common, and in these areas, blasphemy appears in the everyday speech almost as an ordinary interjection.{{cite book |title=Lingue italiane: materiale didattico per un corso superiore di lingua e cultura italiana |first1=Giulia |last1=Grassi |first2=Roberto |last2=Tartaglione |publisher=Ci.Elle.I. |year=1985 |pages=30 |language=it |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TTHqAAAAMAAJ&q=toscana |access-date=2020-04-05}}
At the same time, it is not an entirely uncommon pastime to come up with creative and articulated {{lang|it|bestemmie}},{{Cite web|date=2020-07-15|title=Blog {{!}} Porno, bestemmie e lato B: il nostro prossimo cambio della guardia|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/07/15/porno-bestemmie-e-lato-b-il-nostro-prossimo-cambio-della-guardia/5868284/|access-date=2021-02-11|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|language=it-IT}}{{Cite web |last=Turina |first=Isacco |date=|title=Maledire Dio (M.A. Thesis)|url=http://riccardobucchino.com/lenstest/64217957-tesi-bestemmie.pdf|archive-url= |archive-date=|access-date=|website=}} especially among the lower social classes, such as dockers.{{Cite web|title=Conversioni in punto di morte: il Gabibbo e la Hack|url=http://gilioli.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it/2008/11/26/conversioni-in-punto-di-morte-il-gabibbo-e-la-hack/|access-date=2021-02-11|website=Piovono rane|language=it}}
Since the advent of the World Wide Web, several websites{{Cite web|title=Manuale della Bestemmia|url=http://web.tiscali.it/batzen/bestemmia.htm|access-date=2021-02-11 |website=web.tiscali.it}}{{Cite web|title=Bestemmie.org|url=http://bestemmie.org/api/|access-date=2021-02-11 |website=bestemmie.org}}{{Cite web|title=Bestemmie Generator - Generatore di bestemmie|url=https://bestemmie.ga/|access-date=2021-02-11|website=bestemmie.ga}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} have come and gone that featured user-submitted or machine-generated collections of complex {{lang|it|bestemmie}}, and manuals compiling these collections of {{lang|it|bestemmie}} have been printed.{{Cite web|title=Bonus cultura, quei manuali delle bestemmie nella categoria Top di Amazon|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/cultura/libri/bonus_cultura_amazon_manuali_delle_bestemmie-5622627.html|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=3 December 2020 |language=it}}
= Gravity =
In the Italian language, profanities belonging to this category are called {{lang|it|bestemmie}} (singular: {{lang|it|bestemmia}}), in which God, the Virgin Mary, Jesus, the Saints, or the Roman Catholic Church are insulted. This category is so strong it is usually frowned upon, even by people who would make casual or even regular use of the profanities above.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}
{{lang|it|Bestemmiare}} ("swearing") is a misdemeanor in Italian law, but the law is seldom enforced. However, it is still considered a strong social taboo, at least on television. For example, anyone caught uttering {{lang|it|bestemmie}} in the Italian version of the reality television franchise Big Brother ({{lang|it|Grande Fratello}}) "must be immediately expelled," because they offend "millions of believers."{{cite web|language=it|url=http://www.ilmessaggero.it/articolo.php?id=134021&sez=HOME_SPETTACOLO|title=Grande Fratello, punite le bestemmie. Fuori Pietro, Massimo e Matteo|date=10 January 2011|work=Il Messaggero|access-date=6 July 2011|archive-date=30 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930214952/http://www.ilmessaggero.it/articolo.php?id=134021&sez=HOME_SPETTACOLO|url-status=dead}}
= Legal status =
Until 1999, uttering blasphemies in public was considered a criminal misdemeanor in Italy (although enforcement was all but non-existent), although nowadays, it has been downgraded to an administrative misdemeanor. Some local administrations still ban the practice. For example, after the curate complained about the frequency of blasphemous profanity in the parish recreation centre, the {{lang|it|comune}} of Brignano Gera d'Adda banned the practice in the civic centre, and in all places of retail business, be it public or private.{{cite web |language=it |url=http://www.ilgiorno.it/bergamo/cronaca/2011/02/11/457584-troppe_bestemmie.shtml|title=Troppe bestemmie all'oratorio. E Brignano mette il divieto |date=11 February 2011 |publisher=Il Giorno |access-date=6 July 2011}} As of July 2011, only obscenities that are directly related to God are classified as a {{lang|it|bestemmia}} under Italian law. Any insult to Mary or the various saints do not actually represent a {{lang|it|bestemmia}}, or any violation of existing laws and rules.{{cite web|title=Bestemmia|url=http://www.uaar.it/laicita/bestemmia|date=21 September 2008|publisher=UAAR, Unione degli Atei e degli Agnostici Razionalisti|language=it|access-date=28 July 2011}}
= Minced oaths =
These profanities are also commonly altered to minced oaths, with very slight changes in order not to appear blasphemous.:it:Bestemmia#Eufemismi For instance:
- {{lang|it|Porco zio}}, using {{lang|it|zio}} instead of {{lang|it|Dio}}, where {{lang|it|zio}} is Italian for uncle; or {{lang|it|orco Dio}}, where {{lang|it|porco}} is replaced by {{lang|it|orco}} ("ogre"), even though this second one results in a profanity as well. Other similarly minced oaths can be created by replacing {{lang|it|Dio}} with a series of existent or meaningless terms, like: {{lang|it|disi, Diaz, due}} (two), {{lang|it|disco, dinci, Dionigi}} (Dionysius), {{lang|it|Diomede}} (Diomedes), and {{lang|it|Diavolo}} (devil). A more recent alteration is {{lang|it|zio pera}}, where {{lang|it|porco}} is replaced by {{lang|it|pera}} ("pear").
- {{lang|it|Maremma maiala}}, using {{lang|it|Maremma}} instead of {{lang|it|Madonna}} (Maremma is a seaside zone of Tuscany, and {{lang|it|maiala}} means "sow"). The idiom is widely used in Tuscany,{{cite news|title=Anche Dio sa ridere|author=Framcesco Merlo|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2015/01/11/anche-dio-sa-ridere30.html|newspaper=La Repubblica|issue=11 January 2015|access-date=24 April 2017}} in which the origin is attributed to the swamps of Maremma that used to cause malaria and other diseases among the Tuscan population. An expression somewhat similar is {{lang|it|Maremma bucaiola}} ({{lang|it|bucaiola}} meaning "sodomite").
- {{lang|it|Porca madosca}}, using madosca instead of {{lang|it|Madonna}},{{cite book|title=Di(a)lettando. Piccolo glossario etimologico viterbese con racconti di vita paesana|first=Pietro|last=Angelone|publisher=Edizioni Sette Città|year=2014|isbn=9788878535442|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTQdBAAAQBAJ&q=madosca&pg=PT69|access-date=7 January 2017}} where madosca means nothing, and it sounds like a macaronic Russian version of {{lang|it|Madonna}}.
- {{lang|it|Dio boria}}, used instead of {{lang|it|Dio boia}}. {{lang|it|Boria}} means "arrogance", {{lang|it|boia}} means "executioner".
- {{lang|it|Porco disco}} (literally "swine disk"), used instead of {{lang|it|Porco Dio}}.
- {{lang|it|Porco discord}}, where Discord is a euphemism of {{lang|it|Dio}}.
Other minced oaths can be created ad libitum when people begin to utter one of the above blasphemies, but then choose to "correct" themselves in real time. The principal example is somebody beginning to say {{lang|it|"Dio cane"}} (where cane means "dog"), and choosing to say instead {{lang|it|"Dio cantante"}}{{cite book|title=Parolacce|first=Vito|last=Tartamella|publisher=Rizzoli|year=2016|isbn=9788822830500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eb_VDAAAQBAJ&q=%22dio+cantante%22&pg=PT47|access-date=7 January 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ("God [is a] singer") or {{lang|it|"Dio cantautore"}} ("God [is a]songwriter"). Other common minced oaths include: {{lang|it|"Dio caro"}} (typically used in Veneto, Lazio, and Umbria), meaning "dear God"; {{lang|it|"Dio bono"}} (with {{lang|it|bono}} being a contraction of {{lang|it|buono}}, that means "good") or {{lang|it|"Dio bonino"}} (same meaning, typically used in Tuscany); and {{lang|it|"Dio bon"}} or "{{lang|it|Dio bonazzo}}" (same meaning, used in Castelfranco Veneto) instead of {{lang|it|"Dio boia"}} (where {{lang|it|boia}} means "executioner"). In Trentino, it is also common {{lang|it|"Dio canederlo"}}, where the name of God is associated with one of the most known local dishes.
In the province of Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, {{lang|it|"Dio Pordenone"}} is often used instead of {{lang|it|"Dio porco"}}.
Another minced oath is {{lang|it|"Dio mama"}} (mum God), common in Veneto, and another one is Codroipo, the name of a town in Friuli-Venezia Giulia which is an anagram of {{lang|it|"porco Dio}}". A peculiar minced oath created extemporaneously, especially popular among Italian teenagers, has the form of a rhyme, and read as follows: {{lang|it|"Dio can...taci il Vangelo, Dio por...taci la pace!"}} and translates as: "God, sing to us the Gospel, God bring us peace!"
{{lang|it|Cristo!}} or {{lang|it|Cristo santo!}}, used to express rage and/or disappointment (similar to "Oh my God" or "Holy Christ"), is usually not considered a {{lang|it|bestemmia}}, though it may be assumed to violate the second commandment of not making "wrongful use of the name of the Lord Thy God." Same for {{lang|it|"Dio Cristo."}}
See also
{{portal|Language}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography and sources
- Bakhtin, Mikhail. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SkswFyhqRIMC Rabelais and His World] [1941]. Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
- Tartamella, Vito. Parolacce. Perché le diciamo, che cosa significano, quali effetti hanno. BUR, 2006.
- Domaneschi, Filippo (2020), Insultare gli altri, Einaudi, Torino.
External links
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- [https://www.parolacce.org/ Parolacce: studies, news, research, curiosities on Italian profanity by Vito Tartamella]
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