Ixtepec, Oaxaca
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Ciudad Ixtepec
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type =
|total_type = Municipality
|motto =
|image_skyline = Palacio ixtepec.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = City Hall
|image_flag =
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|pushpin_map = Mexico Oaxaca#Mexico
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|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{MEX}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Oaxaca
|subdivision_type2 = Municipality
|subdivision_name2 = Ixtepec
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
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|government_footnotes =
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|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 16th century
|established_title2 =
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|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 294.1
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_blank1_title = City
|area_blank1_km2 = 14.48
|population_as_of = 2020 census
|population_footnotes = [http://www.citypopulation.de/en/mexico/admin/oaxaca/20014__ixtepec/ Citypopulation.de] Population of Ciudad Ixtepec municipality with localities
|population_note =
|population_total = 28082
|population_blank1_title = City
|population_blank1 = 26015
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
|timezone = Central
|utc_offset = -6
|coordinates = {{coord|16|33|19|N|95|05|48|W|region:MX|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 40
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|postal_code_type = Postal code
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|blank1_name = Demonym
|blank1_info = Ixtepecano
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Ixtepec (formally: Ciudad Ixtepec; previously known as Villa de San Jerónimo Doctor) is a small city, and municipality of the same name, located in the state of Oaxaca, in southeastern Mexico.
It is part of the Juchitán District in the west of the Istmo de Tehuantepec region.{{cite web
|url = http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/oaxaca/municipios/20014a.htm
|title = (Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México)
|access-date = 2010-07-15
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403010344/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/oaxaca/municipios/20014a.htm
|archive-date = 2012-04-03
}}
History
The name "Ixtepec" is derived from Nahuatl and roughly translates to either "view of the mountain" or "face of the mountain."Its name was Iztepeque until 1935, when it was officially changed to Ciudad Ixtepec. The founding of the city was most likely in the 16th century as a Zapotec settlement shortly before the Spanish Conquest. It remained an indigenous community until the 19th century, with its economy based on subsistence farming. In the early 20th century, the community grew in economic importance as its location made it attractive to foreign investment with the building of the Pan-American Highway, originally as a rail line.{{cite web |work=Enciclopedia de Los Municipios y Delegaciones de México Estado de Oaxaca |title=Ciudad Ixtepec |publisher=INAFED |location=Mexico |language=es |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM20oaxaca/municipios/20014a.html |access-date=March 21, 2014 }}
Geography
=Climate=
{{Weather box
|location = Ixtepec (Averages: 1981-2010, Records: 1948-2008)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|open = yes
|temperature colour= pastel
|Jan record high C = 38.0
|Feb record high C = 39.5
|Mar record high C = 41.0
|Apr record high C = 43.0
|May record high C = 43.0
|Jun record high C = 41.0
|Jul record high C = 39.5
|Aug record high C = 41.0
|Sep record high C = 39.0
|Oct record high C = 39.0
|Nov record high C = 39.0
|Dec record high C = 39.0
|Jan high C = 29.6
|Feb high C = 30.9
|Mar high C = 32.7
|Apr high C = 34.6
|May high C = 35.7
|Jun high C = 33.7
|Jul high C = 33.1
|Aug high C = 33.6
|Sep high C = 32.4
|Oct high C = 31.8
|Nov high C = 31.2
|Dec high C = 30.0
|year high C = 32.4
|Jan mean C = 25.0
|Feb mean C = 25.9
|Mar mean C = 27.4
|Apr mean C = 29.2
|May mean C = 30.3
|Jun mean C = 29.0
|Jul mean C = 28.6
|Aug mean C = 28.9
|Sep mean C = 28.0
|Oct mean C = 27.6
|Nov mean C = 26.9
|Dec mean C = 25.5
|year mean C = 27.7
|Jan low C = 20.4
|Feb low C = 20.9
|Mar low C = 22.2
|Apr low C = 23.8
|May low C = 25.0
|Jun low C = 24.3
|Jul low C = 24.1
|Aug low C = 24.2
|Sep low C = 23.7
|Oct low C = 23.5
|Nov low C = 22.7
|Dec low C = 21.2
|year low C = 23.0
|Jan record low C = 9.0
|Feb record low C = 5.3
|Mar record low C = 10.0
|Apr record low C = 13.5
|May record low C = 17.0
|Jun record low C = 17.0
|Jul record low C = 15.0
|Aug record low C = 16.0
|Sep record low C = 16.3
|Oct record low C = 15.7
|Nov record low C = 11.0
|Dec record low C = 2.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 1.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 2.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 3.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 5.0
|May precipitation mm = 44.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 206.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 163.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 178.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 179.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 72.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.1
|year precipitation mm = 875.9
|Jan precipitation days = 0.3
|Feb precipitation days = 0.4
|Mar precipitation days = 0.6
|Apr precipitation days = 0.6
|May precipitation days = 3.7
|Jun precipitation days = 11.5
|Jul precipitation days = 10.3
|Aug precipitation days = 10.3
|Sep precipitation days = 11.6
|Oct precipitation days = 5.1
|Nov precipitation days = 1.3
|Dec precipitation days = 0.2
|year precipitation days= 55.9
|source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico National{{cite web
|url = http://smn.cna.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Normales8110/NORMAL20039.TXT
|title = NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1981-2010
|publisher = National Meteorological Service of Mexico
|language = es
|access-date = July 20, 2016}}
|source 2 = Servicio Meteorológico National{{cite web
|url = http://smn.cna.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00020/00020039.TXT
|title = MEDIAS Y EXTREMAS MENSUALES
|publisher = National Meteorological Service of Mexico
|language = es
|access-date = July 20, 2016}}
|date= July 2016}}
=Communities=
As municipal seat, Ciudad Ixtepec has governing authority over the following communities:
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
- Cheguigo Juárez
- Quinta Sección
- Chivaguí
- Colonia Alejandro Cruz Martínez
- Colonia la Candelaria
- Colonia Niza Luba
- 5 de Febrero
- Llano Blanco
- Imperio Jeromeño
- Piedra Bola
- El Carrizal (Chivaniza)
- El Zapote
- Guichilana
- Guigobazaá
- La Guadalupe
- La Huana Milpería
- La Providencia
- La Rufa
- Laguna Bacuela
- Los Cascabeles
- Los Laureles
- Niza Shiga (Monte Grande)
- Nizandá
- Rancho Félix Enríquez Sangermán
- Río Seco
- Llano Grande
- San Jerónimo
{{div col end}}
Economy
As of 2005, there were 6,481 households with a population of 24,181, of whom 4,667 spoke an indigenous language.
Like Ixtaltepec, Juchitán and Tehuantepec, Ixtepec has a significant native Zapotec population. Many indigenous traditions are still followed.
Ixtepec used to be an important railway center point, but nowadays no passenger train traffic runs through. However, a university has recently been constructed there.
Economic activities include very limited agriculture on 972 hectares of irrigated land growing corn, sorghum, sesame and vegetables, 408 small farms raising cattle, pigs or goats, fish hatcheries for crappie, tilapia and red snapper, manufacture of bricks, school uniforms and home furnishings, and mining of black clay for making pots and figurines and adobe bricks.