Józef Abelewicz

He was born on March 17, 1821, in the Anykščiai parish, Ukmergė County to Vincentas Abelevičius (Wincenty Abelewicz) and Ona Rukšaitė-Abelevičienė (Anna z Bukszów, 1791–?).{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}} He was born into a peasant family, although he claimed to be of noble origin and was considered by others as such.{{Sfn|Jackiewicz|2013|p=44}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} Still, the Polish priest Czesław Falkowski and Lithuanian museum curator {{ill|Tautvydas Kontrimavičius|lt}} wrote that he was of noble origin.{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}} He had four siblings: brothers Florijonas Ignotas Abelevičius (1828–?), Konstantinas Juozapas Abelevičius (1834–?) and sisters Karolina Uršulė Ona Abelevičiūtė-Šidlauskienė (1823–?), Angelė Ona Abelevičiūtė-Bražinskienė (1826–?).{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}}

In 1833–1838, he studied at the local school in Troškūnai, where he finished five classes.{{Sfn|Jackiewicz|2013|p=44}}{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} Then, in 1838–1842, he studied at the Vilnius Theological Seminary.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} Since 1842, he continued his studies at the Roman Catholic Spiritual Academy which was moved that year from Vilnius to Saint Petersburg.{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}} According to the Lithuanian historian Vytautas Jogėla, he was one of two clerics admitted to the academy that year who were of peasant origin.{{Sfn|Jogėla|1997|pp=95–96}} He was one of the most talented students there.{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}

He graduated from it in 1846 with the degree of Master of Theology.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} On April 6, 1846, Abelevičius was ordained a priest in Saint Petersburg.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} In 1846–47, he worked as a chaplain of the Svislach Gymnasium.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}}

He was the procurator, lecturer and professor of dogmatics at the Vilnius Theological Seminary in 1847–53.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Jackiewicz|2013|p=44}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} He was also a prosecutor (economist).{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}} In 1850–53, in the very first years of the episcopate of Motiejus Valančius as Bishop of Samogitia, he oversaw the printing of Lithuanian texts published in Vilnius, was their proofreader and corrected the language.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}}

In 1852, he was nominated as a canon by the Bishop of Vilnius Wacław Żyliński (Vaclovas Žilinskis) and appointed canon-coadjutor of the Vilnius Cathedral Chapter.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}}

From 1853 he was dean and administrator of the Vawkavysk parish.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} Then, in 1856–70, he became also Vawkawysk's parish priest.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}} On 19 September 1867, he was fined 100 rubles by the governor of Grodno for allowing another priest Šarskis to offer Holy Mass without the knowledge of the authorities.{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}}

In 1870, he returned to Vilnius, until 1878 he was the inspector of the Vilnius Diocesan Seminary and professor of homiletics.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}}

In 1872–78, he taught also the Holy Scripture and, since 1878, ecclesiastical law.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Jackiewicz|2013|p=44}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}}

On July 30, 1878, he became the rector of the Vilnius Diocesan Seminary.{{Sfn|Paulauskytė|2019}}{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} This was because the previous priest Motiejus Harasimovičius (Maciej Harasimowicz) was removed by the Imperial Russian government.{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}} Harasimovičius was dismissed from his position as rector in May 1878, due to the fact that for several days he had omitted the prayers for the Emperor of Russia during Holy Mass in the Vilnius Cathedral.{{Sfn|Žaltauskaitė|2018|pp=180–181}}

From 1878 until the end of his life on July 3, 1882, when he died of apoplexy, he was the rector of the Vilnius Priests' Seminary and at the same time he taught ecclesiastical law.{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}{{Sfn|anykstenai.lt|2022}}{{Sfn|Biržiška|1965|pp=302–303}} In the Polish Biographical Dictionary, the Polish priest Czesław Falkowski claimed that he was of noble origin and wrote that:

In the then difficult positions of inspector and rector of the Theological Seminary, he was universally loved and appreciated as a true father of seminarians and a wise guide. He lectured clearly, precisely and in exemplary Polish. He contributed to the improvement of the Theological Seminary and maintaining the ecclesiastical and anti-Russification spirit during the gloomy period of Żyliński's rule.{{Sfn|Falkowski|1935|p=4}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite web |last=anykstenai.lt |date=2022-05-10 |title=Jonas Juozapas ABELEVIČIUS |url=https://www.anykstenai.lt/asmenys/asm.php?id=4 |website=Pasaulio Anykštėnų Bendrija |language=lt}}
• {{Cite book |last=Biržiška |first=Vaclovas |url=https://archive.org/details/birziska-aleksandrynas-t.-3-1965/page/302/mode/2up |title=Aleksandrynas: senųjų lietuvių rašytojų, rašiusių prieš 1865 m., biografijos, bibliografijos ir biobibliografijos |publisher=M. Morkūno spaustuvė |year=1965 |volume=3: XIX century |location=Chicago |language=lt |author-link=Vaclovas Biržiška}}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |year=1935 |title=Józef Abelewicz |encyclopedia=Polski Słownik Biograficzny |location=Kraków |url=https://kresy.pl/kresopedia/abelewicz-jozef/ |last=Falkowski |first=Czesław |volume=I |language=pl}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Jackiewicz |first=M. |year=2013 |title=Poczet twórców literatury wileńskiej od wieku XVI do roku 1945 – 1 |url=https://www.znadwiliiwilno.lt/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Znad-Wilii-53.pdf |journal=Znad Wilii |language=pl |volume=1 |issue=53}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Jogėla |first=Vytautas |year=1997 |title=Vilniaus Romos katalikų dvasinė akademija 1833–1842 metals: organizacija ir veikla |url=https://www.istorija.lt/data/public/uploads/2021/09/lais-t.-14-klieriku-kilme-p.-93-96.pdf |journal=Lietuvių Atgimimo Istorijos Studijos |language=lt |location=Vilnius |publisher=Eugrimas |volume=14}}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2019 |title=Jonas Juozapas Abelevičius |encyclopedia=Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jonas-juozapas-abelevicius/ |last=Paulauskytė |first=Teresė |language=lt}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Žaltauskaitė |first=Vilma |year=2018 |title=Vyskupo kontrolės laikas: Vilniaus vyskupijos vyskupas ir dvasininkai 1883–1885 |url=https://www.lkma.lt/site/archive/studijos/IX/bis_t9_p169-201_Zaltauskaite.pdf |journal=Bažnyčios Istorijos Studijos |language=lt |location=Vilnius |publisher=Lietuvių Katalikų Mokslo Akademijos Metraštis |volume=IX |issn=1392-0502}}

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Category:1821 births

Category:1882 deaths

Category:People from Anykščiai

Category:19th-century Lithuanian Roman Catholic priests

Category:Polish Roman Catholic theologians