Józef Czyżewski
{{Short description|Polish activist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Józef Czyżewski
| image = Plaque commemorating former printing-office of Józef Czyżewski in Gdańsk.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Plaque commemorating the former printing-office of Czyżewski in Główne Miasto, Gdańsk
| birth_name = Józef Czyżewski
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1857|12|25|df=}}
| birth_place = Fiedlitz, Regierungsbezirk Danzig, Kingdom of Prussia
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|10|21|1857|12|25|df=}}
| death_place = Langfuhr, Free City of Danzig
| resting_place = Wrzeszcz Górny
| nationality = Polish
| other_names =
| spouse = Maria Czyżewska {{nee}} Odrowska
| children = 6
| father = Marcin Czyżewski
| occupation = Printer
| known_for = Organic work
| movement = Positivism
|awards = File:POL Polonia Restituta Oficerski BAR.svg File:POL Krzyż Niepodległości BAR.svg File:Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg
}}
Józef Czyżewski (25 December 1857 – 21 October 1935) was a Kociewian-born printer and Polish national activist.
Biography
= Early life =
Czyżewski was born in the Kociewian village, of what was then officilally known as, Fiedlitz, in the Kingdom of Prussia.{{cite journal |last1=Kulas |first1=Jan |editor1-last=Korda |editor1-first=Barbara |title=Józef Czyżewski - wydawca, działacz społeczno-gospodarczy i patriota |journal=Postacie z Kociewia. Śladami nieznanych działaczy społeczno-kulturalnych XVIII-XX wieku |date=April 2006 |pages=21-25 |url=https://issuu.com/skarbnicakociewska/docs/postacie_z_kociewia |access-date=15 March 2024 |publisher=Zrzeszenie Kaszubsko-Pomorskie Oddział Kociewskie w Tczewie Książka Dostępna na stronie Wirtualnej Biblioteczki Kociewie |language=Polish |isbn=83-923678-1-2}} His grandfather had settled in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie as a refugee following the failed November Uprising, and his family made a living from farming and wickerwork.{{cite web |last1=Sadurska|first1=Maria |title=Krzepił serca rodaków polskim słowem |url=https://www.gdanskstrefa.com/krzepil-serca-rodakow-polskim-slowem/ |website=gdanskstrefa.com |access-date=15 March 2024 |location=Ludzie |language=Polish |date=18 June 2020}}
= Activism =
Czyżewski became a prominent publisher and socio-economic activist. He founded and ran several newspapers, including {{lang|pl|Gazeta Toruńska}} and {{lang|pl|Przyjaciel Ludu}}, in 1883 acquiring a printing house that became pivotal in supporting Polish causes.
He was affiliated with the Polish People's Party.{{cite journal |last1=Kulas |first1=Jan |editor1-last=Korda |editor1-first=Barbara |title=Józef Czyżewski - wydawca, działacz społeczno-gospodarczy i patriota |journal=Postacie z Kociewia. Śladami nieznanych działaczy społeczno-kulturalnych XVIII-XX wieku |date=April 2006 |pages=21-25 |url=https://issuu.com/skarbnicakociewska/docs/postacie_z_kociewia |access-date=15 March 2024 |publisher=Zrzeszenie Kaszubsko-Pomorskie Oddział Kociewskie w Tczewie Książka Dostępna na stronie Wirtualnej Biblioteczki Kociewie |language=Polish |isbn=83-923678-1-2}}
= Death =
File:Czyżewski street, Gniew.jpg pointing to Czyżewski street in Gniew, Kociewie, 2024]]
Czyżewski died on 21 October 1935. He was originally buried in the cemetery of the Royal Chapel in Główne Miasto, before his remains were removed to the Srebrzysko Cemetery in Wrzeszcz Górny.{{cite web |last1=Rębas |first1=Anna |last2=Krüger |first2=Anna|title=Aleja Zasłużonych na cmentarzu Srebrzysko. Spoczywają tam znani mieszkańcy Gdańska |url=https://radiogdansk.pl/wiadomosci/region/trojmiasto/2022/11/01/aleja-zasluzonych-na-gdanskim-cmentarzu-srebrzysko-spoczywaja-tam-znani-mieszkancy/ |website=Radio Gdańsk |publisher=Polskie Radio |language=pl |date=1 November 2022}} Following World War II {{lang|de|Ludolfiner Straße}} in the Gdańsk district of Oliwa was renamed Józefa Czyżewskiego in his honour.{{cite web |title=Józefa Czyżewskiego |url=http://www.dawnaoliwa.pl/opisy/ulice/czyzewskiego.html |website=dawnaoliwa.pl |access-date=15 March 2024 |language=Polish}}{{cite web |last1=Sadurska|first1=Maria |title=Krzepił serca rodaków polskim słowem |url=https://www.gdanskstrefa.com/krzepil-serca-rodakow-polskim-slowem/ |website=gdanskstrefa.com |access-date=15 March 2024 |location=Ludzie |language=Polish |date=18 June 2020}}