JADES-GS-z14-0
{{Short description|Lyman-Break galaxy that is one of the oldest known galaxies}}
{{Infobox galaxy|constellation name=Fornax|z = {{val|14.1793|0.0007}}|name=JADES-GS-z14-0|epoch=J2000|ra={{RA|03|32|36.89}}|dec={{dec|-27|46|49.33}}|type = Lyman-break galaxy|image=JADES-GS-z14-0 NASA.png|caption= JADES-GS-z14-0 appears as a red blob highlighted by an arrow in this image by NIRCam. The white object at its upper left is a foreground galaxy designated as NIRCam ID 183349 at z = 3.475.|half_light_radius_pc=260 ± 20 pc|half_light_radius_arcminsec=0.079 arcsec|dist_ly=13.428 million light-years
(light travel distance)
33.844 million light-years
(present proper distance)}}
JADES-GS-z14-0 is a high-redshift Lyman-Break galaxy in the constellation Fornax that was discovered in 2024 using NIRCam as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program.{{Cite web |last=Cesari |first=Thaddeus |date=2024-05-30 |title=NASA's James Webb Space Telescope Finds Most Distant Known Galaxy |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2024/05/30/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-finds-most-distant-known-galaxy/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=James Webb Space Telescope |language=en-US}}{{cite journal|last1=Carniani|first1=Stefano|last2=Hainline|first2=Kevin|last3=D'Eugenio|first3=Francesco|last4=Eisenstein|first4=Daniel J.|last5=Jakobsen|first5=Peter|last6=Witstok|first6=Joris|last7=Johnson|first7=Benjamin D.|last8=Chevallard|first8=Jacopo|last9=Maiolino|first9=Roberto|last10=Helton|first10=Jakob M.|last11=Willott|first11=Chris|last12=Robertson|first12=Brant|last13=Alberts|first13=Stacey|last14=Arribas|first14=Santiago|last15=Baker|first15=William M.|last16=Bhatawdekar|first16=Rachana|last17=Boyett|first17=Kristan|last18=Bunker|first18=Andrew J.|last19=Cameron|first19=Alex J.|last20=Cargile|first20=Phillip A.|last21=Charlot|first21=Stéphane|last22=Curti|first22=Mirko|last23=Curtis-Lake|first23=Emma|last24=Egami|first24=Eiichi|last25=Giardino|first25=Giovanna|last26=Isaak|first26=Kate|last27=Ji|first27=Zhiyuan|last28=Jones|first28=Gareth C.|last29=Maseda|first29=Michael V.|last30=Parlanti|first30=Eleonora|last31=Rawle|first31=Tim|last32=Rieke|first32=George|last33=Rieke|first33=Marcia|last34=Del Pino|first34=Bruno Rodríguez|last35=Saxena|first35=Aayush|last36=Scholtz|first36=Jan|last37=Smit|first37=Renske|last38=Sun|first38=Fengwu|last39=Tacchella|first39=Sandro|last40=Übler|first40=Hannah|last41=Venturi|first41=Giacomo|last42=Williams|first42=Christina C.|last43=Willmer|first43=Christopher N. A.|date=28 May 2024|title=Spectroscopic confirmation of two luminous galaxies at a redshift of 14 |journal=Nature |volume=633 |issue=8029 |pages=318–322 |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07860-9 |pmid=39074505 |pmc=11390484 |arxiv=2405.18485|bibcode=2024Natur.633..318C }} It has a redshift of about 14.18, making it one of the most distant galaxies and astronomical objects ever discovered. According to current theory, this redshift corresponds to a time about 13.5 billion years ago, approximately 300 million years after the Big Bang, or about 2% of its current age.{{cite web| last1=Gough| first1=Evab| title=This Precocious Galaxy is Surprisingly Mature for its Age| url=https://www.universetoday.com/articles/this-precocious-galaxy-is-surprisingly-mature-for-its-age| website=Universe Today| date=11 March 2025| access-date=30 March 2025| quote=about 13.5 billion years ago}}{{cite press release| title=Oxygen discovered in most distant known galaxy| url=https://eso.org/public/news/eso2507/| publisher= ESO| date=20 March 2024| access-date=30 March 2025| quote=when the Universe was less than 300 million years old, about 2% of its present age}}{{cite news| last1=Amos| first1=Jonathan| title=Earliest and most distant galaxy ever observed| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cjeenyw8rd2o| work=BBC| date=31 May 2024| access-date=30 March 2025| quote= 290 million years after the Big Bang ... the cosmos was only 2% of its current age}}
Discovery
JADES-GS-z14-0 was observed using the James Webb Space Telescope's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) in 2024, and it measured a redshift of 14.32. Its age, size, and luminosity added to a growing body of evidence that current theories of early star and galaxy formation are incomplete.
A larger study using JWST NIRCam "Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density 300 Myr after the Big Bang" (Robertson et al. 2024) gave JADES-GS-z14-0 a photometric redshift of z = {{val|14.39| +0.23| 0.09}}.{{cite journal| author1=Brant Robertson| author2=Benjamin D. Johnson| author3=Sandro Tacchella| author4=Daniel J. Eisenstein| author5=Kevin Hainline| author6=Santiago Arribas| author7=William M. Baker| author8=Andrew J. Bunker| author9=Stefano Carniani| author10=Phillip A. Cargile| author11=Courtney Carreira| author12=Stephane Charlot| author13=Jacopo Chevallard| author14=Mirko Curti| author15=Emma Curtis-Lake| author16=Francesco D’Eugenio| author17=Eiichi Egami| author18=Ryan Hausen| author19=Jakob M. Helton|author20=Peter Jakobsen| author21=Zhiyuan Ji| author22=Gareth C. Jones| author23=Roberto Maiolino| author24=Michael V. Maseda| author25=Erica Nelson| author26=Pablo G. Pérez-González| author27=Dávid Puskás| author28=Marcia Rieke| author29=Renske Smit| author30=Fengwu Sun| author31=Hannah Übler| author32=Lily Whitler| title=Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density 300Myr after the Big Bang| journal=The Astrophysical Journal| page=5| volume=970| issue=1| date=12 July 2024| doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ad463d| doi-access=free| arxiv=2312.10033| bibcode=2024ApJ...970...31R}}
Characteristics
JADES-GS-z14-0 is 1,600 light years (ly) wide and very luminous.{{Cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |date=2024-06-22 |title=Piping Up at the Gates of Dawn |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/22/science/space/webb-telescope-cosmic-dawn.html |url-access=registration |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926051510/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/22/science/space/webb-telescope-cosmic-dawn.html |archive-date=2024-09-26 |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of strong ionized gas emissions, including hydrogen and oxygen.{{Cite web |last=Lea |first=Robert |date=2024-05-30 |title=James Webb Space Telescope spots the most distant galaxy ever seen (image) |url=https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-two-oldest-most-distant-galaxies |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Space.com |language=en}}
Further observations
File:JWST-MIRI-JADES-GS-z14-0.png
The initial identification of JADES-GS-z14-0 came from imaging data obtained with JWST’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). The high-redshift hypothesis was confirmed through multiple spectroscopic observations with NIRSpec. Additionally, observations using JWST's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) detected the galaxy at longer wavelengths, which support the extreme distance at which JADES-GS-z14-0 is located.
In March 2025, the study "Photometric detection at 7.7 μm of a galaxy beyond redshift 14 with JWST/MIRI" (Helton et al. 2025) was published which described JWST observations of JADES-GS-z14-0 that had used MIRI and NIRCam.{{cite journal| author1=Jakob M. Helton| author2=George H. Rieke| author3=Stacey Alberts| author4=Zihao Wu| author5=Daniel J. Eisenstein| author6=Kevin N. Hainline| author7=Stefano Carniani| author8=Zhiyuan Ji| author9=William M. Baker| author10=Rachana Bhatawdekar| author11=Andrew J. Bunker| author12=Phillip A. Cargile| author13=Stéphane Charlot| author14=Jacopo Chevallard| author15=Francesco D’Eugenio| author16=Eiichi Egami| author17=Benjamin D. Johnson| author18=Gareth C. Jones| author19=Jianwei Lyu| author20=Roberto Maiolino| author21=Pablo G. Pérez-González| author22=Marcia J. Rieke| author23=Brant Robertson| author24=Aayush Saxena| author25=Jan Scholtz| author26=Irene Shivaei| author27=Fengwu Sun| author28=Sandro Tacchella| author29=Lily Whitler| author30=Christina C. Williams| author31=Christopher N. A. Willmer| author32=Chris Willott| author33=Joris Witstok| author34=Yongda Zhu| title=Photometric detection at 7.7 μm of a galaxy beyond redshift 14 with JWST/MIRI| journal=Nature Astronomy| pages=729–740| date=7 March 2025| volume=9| issue=5| arxiv=2405.18462v3| bibcode=2025NatAs...9..729H| doi=10.1038/s41550-025-02503-z| doi-access=free| pmid=40417328| pmc=12095045}} MIRI observes at longer optical wavelengths, which lead to stronger rest-frame emission lines that are highly diagnostic and accessible at mid-infrared wavelengths. The study outlines the theory that JADES-GS-z14-0 contained half a billion solar masses, with strong star formation in the previous few million of years. Quoting: "The properties of JADES-GS-z14-0 add to the evidence that a population of luminous and massive galaxies was already in place less than 300 Myr after the Big Bang, with number densities more than ten times higher than extrapolations based on pre-JWST observations."{{cite magazine| last1=Todd| first1=Iain| title=When Webb discovered the most distant galaxy ever seen, existing shortly after the Big Bang during the Cosmic Dawn| url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/news/jades-gs-z14-0| website= Sky at Night Magazine| publisher=Our Media| date=27 September 2024| access-date=5 April 2025}}
Discovery of Oxygen
File:Artist’s impression of JADES-GS-z14-0.png website.]]
In March 2025, astronomers reported the detection of oxygen in JADES-GS-z14-0, marking the most distant observation of this element to date. This discovery was achieved using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile's Atacama Desert. The presence of oxygen suggests that the galaxy underwent rapid formation and chemical maturation, challenging previous assumptions about the timeline of heavy element production in the early Universe.{{Cite web |last=information@eso.org |title=Oxygen discovered in most distant known galaxy |url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2507/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=www.eso.org |language=en}}
The detection of oxygen also allowed for a more precise measurement of the galaxy's distance, with an uncertainty of just 0.005%.
The two associated studies by S. Carniani et al. (2025) and S. Schouws et al. (2025) give a spectroscopic redshift of z = {{val|14.1793|0.0007}} using ALMA,{{cite journal| author1=Stefano Carniani| author2=Francesco D’Eugenio| author3=Xihan Ji| author4=Eleonora Parlanti| author5=Jan Scholtz| author6=Fengwu Sun| author7=Giacomo Venturi| author8=Tom J. L. C. Bakx| author9=Mirko Curti| author10=Roberto Maiolino| author11=Sandro Tacchella| author12=Jorge A. Zavala| author13=Kevin Hainline| author14=Joris Witstok| author15=Benjamin D. Johnson| author16=Stacey Alberts| author17=Andrew J. Bunker| author18=Stéphane Charlot| author19=Daniel J. Eisenstein| author20=Jakob M. Helton| author21=Peter Jakobsen| author22=Nimisha Kumari| author23=Brant Robertson| author24=Aayush Saxena| author25=Hannah Übler| author26=Christina C. Williams| author27=Christopher N. A. Willmer| author28=Chris Willott| title=The eventful life of a luminous galaxy at z = 14: metal enrichment, feedback, and low gas fraction?| url=https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2507/eso2507a.pdf| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics| date=12 March 2025| volume=696| pages=A87| access-date=5 April 2025| arxiv=2409.20533v2| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202452451| bibcode=2025A&A...696A..87C}}{{cite web| author1=Sander Schouws| author2=Rychard J. Bouwens| author3=Katherine Ormerod| author4=Renske Smit| author5=Hiddo Algera| author6=Laura Sommovigo| author7=Jacqueline Hodge| author8=Andrea Ferrara| author9=Pascal A. Oesch|author10=Lucie E. Rowland| author11=Ivana van Leeuwen| author12=Mauro Stefanon|author13=Thomas Herard-Demanche| author14=Yoshinobu Fudamoto| author15=Huub Rottgering| author16=Paul van der Werf| title=Detection of [OIII]88µm in JADES-GS-z14-0 at z=14.1793| url=https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2507/eso2507b.pdf| date=17 March 2025| access-date=4 April 2025| arxiv=2409.20549| quote=The ALMA detection yields a spectroscopic redshift of z = {{val|14.1793|0.0007}}}} which is consistent with the tentative detection by S. Carniani et al. (2024) of carbon at redshift z = {{val|14.178|0.013}} using JWST.
See also
- JADES-GS-z13-0, the former record-holder for furthest galaxy
- List of the most distant astronomical objects
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QjS_QdZ-RQ Video by European Southern Observatory (ESO): Zooming in on JADES-GS-z14-0, the most distant galaxy known yet (YouTube March 2025)]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR7VGHauNxw&t=537s Eyes on the Universe | How University of Arizona Researchers Confirmed Farthest Galaxy with JWST (YouTube October 2024)]
{{Galaxy}}
{{2024 in space}}
{{Fornax}}
{{James Webb Space Telescope}}
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