Jack Renton

{{Short description|Scottish seaman, The White Headhunter}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Jack Renton

| image =

| birth_date = 1848

| birth_place = Orkney, Scotland

| death_date = 1878 (age 29/30)

| death_place = Aoba Island, Vanuatu

| occupation = Seaman, slave, headhunter

}}

John (Jack) Renton (1848–1878), also known as The White Headhunter,{{cite book |last1=Randell |first1=Nigel |title=The White Headhunter: The Story of a 19th-Century Sailor Who Survived a South Seas Heart of Darkness |date=July 17, 2003 |publisher=Carroll & Graf |isbn=0786712562}} was a Scottish seaman from Orkney. In 1868, he was among four or five deserters from the American ship Renard, which specialised in the trade of guano. He and the other deserters travelled in a small boat for 2,000 miles, and eventually landed at Maana'oba (Manaoba), a small island off the north-east coast of Malaita Island in the Solomon Islands.{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Clive|title=Kanaka: A History of Melanesian Mackay|url=https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_678886/Kanaka.pdf?dsi_version=e39fc825e7933526b588eb5a566febe2&Expires=1602297324&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=ergCoVvsiu4aCbckcDTOqhf4OnNMGA6E2edbpvOE9FZN31DfcF66WMxmLPuNxNrmub1QxBh~gXOEFvZKSpvvP-hOQyUCyLI0Ag8h0EbqnW~02SzBQjLMzKeTheyQhzvb6qfwWXgrFaaIk2zH~iVZqc2qkwHYY4855221WqgFzTb6Tn2pORv0YDhv9hbXxQVae5SM4TWwo0bWuPmLDWAvEQHPWLSWrMMSntcdz2R~fiRs6KLXtLrtfeCJcxjFRtTG7iVYwys7yKxgaPMJxOWikDlbSXwWpK6HcMqCfvUD3cmWFxoIAb9FXt18qcfyrxnGxfmZrnRyIo-YcPB-O85xdw__|publisher=Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies and the University of Papua and New Guinea Press|location=Port Moresby|year=1985|page=63|isbn=9980-68-000-8}} He became a slave of a bigman named Kabbou for 8 years, in which he learnt the Lau language, participated in the island's culture, and became a headhunter. While on Malaita, he befriended a local warrior, Kwaisulia, and taught him English.{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Clive|title=Kanaka: A History of Melanesian Mackay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NtFBAAAAYAAJ|publisher=Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies and the University of Papua and New Guinea Press|location=Port Moresby|year=1985|isbn=9980-68-000-8|page=53}} He is the only European to have been a headhunter and was the first European to live for a long period on Malaita.{{cite web |title=Biographical entry: Renton, John |url=http://www.solomonencyclopaedia.net/biogs/E000656b.htm |website=Solomon Islands Historical Encyclopaedia |last1=Moore|first1=Clive|display-authors=et al|date=1 June 2013|accessdate=11 April 2020}}

Renton was rescued by a Royal Navy schooner called the Bobtailed Nag in 1875, being traded for "a dozen tomahawks, several yards of calico, some pipes, [and] tobacco", as well as several other items, along with a promise to return with more supplies.{{cite web|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/51781654|title=The Recovery of John Renton from the Solomon Islands|website=Rockhampton Bulletin|date=September 17, 1875|page=2|accessdate=October 10, 2020|via=National Library of Australia}} He returned to Orkney, where he became a local celebrity. He later travelled back to the South Pacific, fulfilling his promise to return with supplies to the island he had inhabited, before taking up work as a regulator of the recruitment of Melanesian islanders for work in Queensland, where his role was mainly to prevent blackbirding.{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/secret-life-white-headhunter-2473475|title=Secret life of the white headhunter|website=The Scotsman|author=The Newsroom|date=March 2, 2003|accessdate=October 10, 2020}} He was killed in 1878 at Ambae Island, while on a ship called the Mystery.{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Clive|title=Kanaka: A History of Melanesian Mackay|url=https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_678886/Kanaka.pdf?dsi_version=e39fc825e7933526b588eb5a566febe2&Expires=1602297324&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=ergCoVvsiu4aCbckcDTOqhf4OnNMGA6E2edbpvOE9FZN31DfcF66WMxmLPuNxNrmub1QxBh~gXOEFvZKSpvvP-hOQyUCyLI0Ag8h0EbqnW~02SzBQjLMzKeTheyQhzvb6qfwWXgrFaaIk2zH~iVZqc2qkwHYY4855221WqgFzTb6Tn2pORv0YDhv9hbXxQVae5SM4TWwo0bWuPmLDWAvEQHPWLSWrMMSntcdz2R~fiRs6KLXtLrtfeCJcxjFRtTG7iVYwys7yKxgaPMJxOWikDlbSXwWpK6HcMqCfvUD3cmWFxoIAb9FXt18qcfyrxnGxfmZrnRyIo-YcPB-O85xdw__|publisher=Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies and the University of Papua and New Guinea Press|location=Port Moresby|year=1985|page=36|isbn=9980-68-000-8}} Upon learning of his death, Kabbou and the people of the village Renton had lived in mourned his death by sacrificing 300 pigs in his name, telling tales of his life for 3 days straight, and building a reliquary house which acted as a shrine to his memory. The shrine survived for 85 years until it burned down in 1963.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}