Jackal (vehicle)#Coyote
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name=MWMIK (Jackal)
| image= A Jackal Armoured Vehicle is put through it's paces in the desert at Camp Bastion, Afghanistan MOD 45148137.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption=A Jackal armoured vehicle at Camp Bastion, Afghanistan
| is_UK=yes
| origin= United Kingdom
| type=Armoured Wheeled Vehicle
| is_vehicle=yes
| designer = Supacat
| design_date =
| manufacturer =
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants =
| length = {{convert|5.39|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1.97|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (not including weapon system)
| weight = {{convert|6,650|kg|abbr=on}}
| suspension = Independent double wishbone, air operated springs and external bypass shock absorbers (2 per wheel station) with variable ride height
| transmission =
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| vehicle_range =
| primary_armament = 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, or
Heckler & Koch GMG
| secondary_armament = 7.62 mm general purpose machine gun
| armour = Additional composite armour kit
| engine = 5.9 litre Cummins ISBe Euro3 six-cylinder diesel
| engine_power = {{convert|185|bhp|kW|abbr=on}}
| pw_ratio =
| crew = 3}}
The Jackal or MWMIK{{Efn|pronounced EmWimmick}} (from "Mobility Weapon-Mounted Installation Kit") is a family of vehicles designed and developed by Supacat Ltd{{Efn|Supacat re-branded to SC Group in September 2015, the Supacat brand retained for the group's core defence business.{{cite web |url=http://supacat.com/newsevents/news/sc-rebrand-takes-supacat-into-new-era// |title=SC Rebrand takes Supacat into new era |publisher=SC Group |date=2014-09-10 |access-date=2015-09-28 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105233728/https://supacat.com/newsevents/news/sc-rebrand-takes-supacat-into-new-era/ |url-status=dead }}}} at their factory in Honiton, Devon, UK, for use by the British Army and Royal Air Force Regiment.{{cite web|title=RAF - Jackal|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/jackal.cfm|publisher=Royal Air Force|access-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814145336/http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/jackal.cfm|archive-date=14 August 2016|url-status=dead}}
The primary role of the vehicle in the British Army is deep battlespace reconnaissance, rapid assault and fire support - roles where mobility, endurance and maneuverability are important - and it has also been used for convoy protection.
Small production runs are manufactured at the Honiton factory but larger batches are manufactured by DML (part of Babcock Marine Services, owned by Babcock International Group) in Plymouth. The initial order was for up to 100{{cite web|title=Awesome firepower and agility puts Jackal in class of its own |url=http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/AwesomeFirepowerAndAgilityPutsJackalInClassOfItsOwn.htm |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120817113112/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/AwesomeFirepowerAndAgilityPutsJackalInClassOfItsOwn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-17 |publisher=Ministry of Defence }} and it was announced on 27 June 2008 that the MOD would be ordering a further 72.{{cite web|title=Range of new Defence Equipment unveiled at giant event |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/RangeOfNewDefenceEquipmentUnveiledAtGiantEvent.htm |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120817111711/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/RangeOfNewDefenceEquipmentUnveiledAtGiantEvent.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-17 |publisher=Ministry of Defence}} On 23 Jun 2010 it was announced by the Ministry of Defence that 140 additional Jackal 2 vehicles were being ordered, and this would bring the number of Jackals in service up to 500.{{cite web|title=British Troops In Afghanistan To Get New Armored Vehicles|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4682401&c=EUR&s=LAN|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731184102/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4682401&c=EUR&s=LAN|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2012}}
The MWMIK can carry increased payload and fuel compared to its predecessor, allowing it to carry greater amounts of additional equipment and protection over longer distances, and it is able to support itself and its crew for distances of over {{convert|500|mi|km|abbr=on}}.
Design and development
The vehicle was procured to provide British forces in Afghanistan with an off-road patrol and fire-support vehicle with increased performance, supplementing the Land Rover Wolf WMIK and the Snatch Land Rover which previously fulfilled the role.[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/british-uor-to-field-130-supacat-mwmik-patrol-vehicles-03404/ British to Field 130 Supacat MWMIK Patrol Vehicles] In particular the Snatch Land Rover, although able to withstand small arms fire, is vulnerable to improvised explosive devices and was labelled by some a "mobile coffin".[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/nov/01/snatch-land-rovers-army Snatch Land Rovers: the 'mobile coffins' of the British army], The Guardian, 1 November 2008
According to the Ministry of Defence, the Jackal "was built to meet the British Army's specific requirements for an agile, well-armed, light patrol vehicle."[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7781394.stm Q&A: Jackal armoured vehicles], BBC News, 13 December 2008 The vehicle's height-adjustable air suspension system can be lowered onto the bump-stops to provide a stable firing platform when stationary or raised to a maximum {{Convert|380|mm|in|abbr=on}} ground clearance allowing it to clear large obstacles. The high levels of off-road mobility enable troops to avoid more conventional routes which may be subject to ambush or enemy reconnaissance.
The vehicle is based on the HMT (High Mobility Transporter) 400 high-mobility 4×4 design developed by a former subsidiary of Supacat, now built under licence from Lockheed Martin.[http://www.supacat.com/supacat_products_hmt400.htm Supacat HMT 400] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923114913/http://www.supacat.com/supacat_products_hmt400.htm |date=2008-09-23 }}[https://archive.today/20130505065723/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/Articles/308179/Day+of+the+jackal.htm Day of the Jackal] The chassis is built by Universal Engineering Ltd, the engine by Cummins, the transmission by Allison, the suspension shock absorbers by Fox Racing Shox[http://www.foxracingshox.com Fox Racing Shox] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20081022094456/http%3A//www.foxracingshox.com/ |date=2008-10-22 }} and the electronics package by Fujitsu and Smartgauge Electronics. The blast and ballistic armour packages, and the blast mitigating seating were designed and built by Jankel Armouring Ltd. The vehicles can be fitted with a range of weapons, such as a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, 7.62 mm general purpose machine gun (GPMG) and 40 mm automatic grenade launcher.
The Jackal is capable of maintaining off-road speeds of up to {{convert|49|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and can reach a top speed of {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
The Ministry of Defence has stated that the design of the vehicle hull incorporates the latest armour protection and that it is considered to be among the best in the world. The HMT 400 mine blast and ballistic protection system was developed for Supacat by Jankel Armouring Ltd. It features armour plating beneath the crew compartment and on the vehicle sides, as well as attenuating seats that absorb shock from any mine blast. The top of the cabin is left open for visibility, which affords the vehicle protection through its manoeuvrability and main armament stand-off distance. These enable it to avoid exposure to riskier IED prone routes. Despite this Jackal crews have suffered a number of IED attacks, some fatal.{{cite news
|url=http://www.people.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/2011/01/23/soldiers-cheated-death-in-open-top-vehicle-102039-22868484/
|title= Soldiers Cheated Death in Open Top Vehicle=People News
|access-date=2010-06-20
| date=2011-01-23
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7947318.stm
|title= Corporals killed in vehicle blast
|publisher=BBC News
|access-date=2009-03-17
| date=2009-03-17
|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6249387.ece
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511071412/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6249387.ece
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=11 May 2009
|title= Four UK soldiers killed in one day in Helmand province
|publisher=Times Online
|access-date=2009-05-08
| location=London
| date=2009-05-08
}}
Operational history
=United Kingdom=
==War in Afghanistan==
Jackal made its operational debut in Operation Herrick, part of the War in Afghanistan, on 8 April 2008 when it was deployed by the British Army's 16 Air Assault Brigade and the Royal Marines 3 Commando Brigade.{{Cite web |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/AwesomeFirepowerAndAgilityPutsJackalInClassOfItsOwn.htm |title=Awesome firepower and agility puts Jackal in class of its own |access-date=8 April 2008 |archive-date=17 August 2012 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120817113112/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/AwesomeFirepowerAndAgilityPutsJackalInClassOfItsOwn.htm |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |title=New Jackal 2 in Afghanistan by Autumn 2009 |url=https://defense-update.com/20090421_jackal.html |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=Defense Update |date=21 April 2009}} The vehicle was praised for its off-road performance, with some users likening it to a "dune buggy". The vehicle was also initially praised for its protection; in September 2009, a Royal Marine survived a direct mine explosion whilst in one of the vehicles.{{cite news |title=Blast-hit marine praises Jackal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/devon/8269546.stm |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=BBC News |date=23 September 2009}} By August 2009, however, a total of 13 British soldiers had been killed whilst in the vehicle. This resulted in widespread criticism, with some media outlets calling the vehicle a "deathtrap".{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Andrew |title=Revealed: How Army's new armoured vehicle is a death trap too |url=https://12ft.io/proxy?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Frevealed-how-army-s-new-armoured-vehicle-is-a-death-trap-too-1769692.html |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=The Independent |date=9 August 2009}} Despite not being impervious to IEDs, Jackal remained one of the most favoured patrol vehicles for British troops, according to Defence Minister Quentin Davies.{{cite news |title=Jackal 2 makes its public debut |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8011315.stm |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=BBC News |date=22 April 2009}} The MOD ordered 110 upgraded models, named the Jackal 2, along with 70 Coyotes, in April 2009 and they were in service from July 2009.{{cite news |title=Military Vehicles: Procurement |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2009-06-08c.277908.h&s=jackal+2#g277908.q0 |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=They Work For You |date=9 June 2009}}{{cite news |title=Britain orders 200 Jackal, Coyote |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/britain-orders-200-jackal-coyote/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=Defence Web |date=23 April 2009}}
The vehicles were also used by the RAF Regiment; during the September 2012 raid on Camp Bastion, a Taliban RPG struck a Jackal, which wounded its crew. One crew member, Sergeant Geddes, continued to rally his team to defend their position, an action for which he later received the Military Cross.{{cite news |title=Defenders of Camp Bastion recognised in Operational Honours List |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/defenders-of-camp-bastion-recognised-in-operational-honours-list |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=GOV.UK |date=18 April 2013}}
==Post-War in Afghanistan==
Despite being procured for the War in Afghanistan, the vehicle has remained in service with the British Army. Following the Army 2020 restructuring, the vehicle now equips three light cavalry regiments and is used primarily for light reconnaissance.{{cite web |title=The UK's Armoured Fist |url=https://issuu.com/edrmag/docs/edr_52_-_web/s/10625429 |publisher=EDR Magazine |access-date=6 November 2022}} It has been deployed in this role with the Light Dragoons in Poland since 2016, in support of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence.{{cite news |title=UK personnel arrive in Poland and Estonia |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-personnel-arrive-in-poland-and-estonia |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=GOV.UK |date=5 April 2017}} In 2021, the Light Dragoons and 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards deployed with the vehicle to Mali as part of the Long Range Reconnaissance Group in support of Operation Newcombe.{{cite news |title=Mali: British Army Reconnaissance Group Completes Deterrence Operation |url=https://www.forces.net/news/mali-british-army-reconnaissance-group-completes-deterrence-operation |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=BFBS |date=8 April 2021}}
In 2020, the Ministry of Defence loaned four Jackal 2 vehicles to the Estonian Defence Forces for their special forces to use in Mali until March 2021 or until they receive their order of Coyote vehicles.{{cite press release |title=UK loans Estonia four Jackal vehicles to support counter-terror mission in Mali |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-loans-estonia-four-jackal-vehicles-to-support-counter-terror-mission-in-mali |website=GOV.UK |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=15 January 2021 |date=9 July 2020}}{{cite web |last1=Whyte |first1=Andrew |title=UK loans four Jackal 2 armored vehicles to Estonian special forces |url=https://news.err.ee/1111611/uk-loans-four-jackal-2-armored-vehicles-to-estonian-special-forces |website=news.err.ee |publisher=ERR |language=en |date=10 July 2020}}
Variants
=Jackal 2=
File:US military truck in Afghanistan, 2011.JPG
An updated version of the Jackal has been ordered as Jackal 2. The crew has been increased to four and the main armament gun ring moved forward to give it an all round arc of fire. The chassis has been upgraded, allowing the vehicle to carry a greater payload and armour, and providing more strength for protection against roadside bombs. It also has a larger 6.7 L engine, although this does not increase the speed of the vehicle. An initial order for "around 110" vehicles was made in 2009, with final deliveries in February 2010. A further order for 140 of the Jackal 2A was announced on 23 June 2010, which is based on the Jackal 2 platform with a blast protection upgrade.{{cite news
|url = http://www.defencemanagement.com/news_story.asp?id=13341
|title = MoD in £45m Jackal 2a order
|publisher = Defence Management Online
|access-date = 2011-10-03
|date = 2010-06-24
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130121121355/http://www.defencemanagement.com/news_story.asp?id=13341
|archive-date = 2013-01-21
= Jackal 3 =
The latest iteration of the Jackal platform is the Jackal 3, introduced in the summer of 2024.{{Cite press release |title=Babcock and Supacat launch production on Jackal 3 for the British Army |url=https://www.babcockinternational.com/news/babcock-and-supacat-launch-production-on-jackal-3-for-the-british-army/ | website=Babcock International |date=1 February 2024 |access-date=17 Jan 2025}} In September 2024, the British Army placed an order for a further 53 Jackal 3s following an earlier order of 70 Jackal 3s placed in 2024.{{cite press release |title=Babcock to build a further 53 Jackal 3s for the British Army |url=https://www.babcockinternational.com/news/babcock-to-build-a-further-53-jackal-3s-for-the-british-army/ | website=Babcock International |access-date=18 January 2025 |date=19 September 2024}}
=Coyote=
Coyote Tactical Support Vehicles are a larger 6×6 design with more than 70 ordered as medium load carriers, artillery tractors{{Citation needed|reason=There's no credible indication that Coyotes were intended for, or have been significantly used as, artillery tractors, rather than flatbed load carriers and ammunition trucks. This tale seems to have appeared from the modeller community, not the military.|date=July 2015}} and a range of other platform variants.{{Cite web
|title=200 new armoured vehicles for front line operations
|author=Ministry of Defence
|date=22 April 2009
|url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/200NewArmouredVehiclesForFrontLineOperations.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513053843/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/200NewArmouredVehiclesForFrontLineOperations.htm
|archive-date=13 May 2009
|title=Coyote / Jackal 2 Tactical Support Vehicles, United Kingdom
|date=2009
|website=army-technology.com
|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/coyote/
}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=August 2016}}
The Coyote tactical support vehicle (TSV light) is based on the HMT 600 6×6 chassis from Supacat and is a larger derivative of the Jackal 2, the two vehicles are designed to be complementary.{{cite web |url=http://www.supacat.com/products/hmt/hmt-600/ |title=HMT 600 - Supacat |access-date=2011-01-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220071028/http://www.supacat.com/products/hmt/hmt-600/ |archive-date=2010-12-20 }} The extra two wheels give a heavier vehicle approaching {{cvt|10500|kg|LT+t}} which will act in support of the Jackal 2 and allow transport of supplies and equipment over similar terrain [the payload for supplies and equipment will be {{cvt|3900|kg|LT+t}}].{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} The Coyote has been designed to fulfil the role of a light tactical service vehicle.
Operators
=Current operators=
;{{UK}}
The United Kingdom ordered 100 vehicles initially, followed by a further 72 in 2008 and 140 in 2010.{{cite news |title=The UK Ministry of Defence has awarded a £45m contract. |url=https://supacat.com/newsevents/news/the-uk-ministry-of-defence-has-awarded-a-45m-contract/ |access-date=24 October 2022 |work=Supacat |date=23 March 2010}}
In February 2023, the UK placed an order with Supacat for 70 Extenda Mk2 vehicles to be known as the Jackal 3 and has the option of acquiring a total of 240 of the vehicles.{{cite press release |title=DE&S awards £90M contract for Jackal High Mobility Transporters |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/des-awards-90m-contract-for-jackal-high-mobility-transporters |website=GOV.UK |publisher=Defence Equipment and Support |access-date=29 December 2023 |date=23 February 2023}}{{Cite press release |title=Collaborative relationship will deliver major order with UK MOD for High Mobility Transporters |website=Babcock |date=23 February 2023 |url=https://www.babcockinternational.com/news/collaborative-relationship-will-deliver-major-order-with-uk-mod-for-high-mobility-transporters/ |access-date=29 December 2023}}{{cite web |title=Jackal contract: Supporting the British Army's battle-winning capabilities |url=https://www.babcockinternational.com/what-we-do/product/design-develop-and-manufacture/jackal/ |website=Babcock |access-date=29 December 2023}}
- British Army - 431 Jackals and 72 Coyotes in service.{{cite web |title=UK armed forces equipment and formations 2022 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-armed-forces-equipment-and-formations-2022 |website=GOV.UK |access-date=24 October 2022}}
- Royal Air Force - unknown quantity used by the RAF Regiment.{{cite news |title=RAF Regiment 75th Anniversary |url=https://defencesynergia.co.uk/raf-regiment-75th-anniversary/ |work=Defence Synergia |date=1 February 2017 |quote=In terms of equipment the RAF Regiment has at its disposal a vast range of firepower and vehicle assets are available. These include: the Mobility Weapon-Mounted Installation Kit (MWMIK) ‘Jackal’}}
- Royal Marines - unknown quantity used by the Royal Marines.{{cite news |title=Know Your Navy – The Royal Marines |url=https://www.forces.net/services/royal-marines/know-your-navy-royal-marines |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=BFBS |date=7 September 2021}}
;{{flag|Estonia}}
- Estonian Special Operations Force - four vehicles loaned from the United Kingdom for use in Mali.
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{Commons category|MWMIK Jackal}}
- [http://www.supacat.com Manufacturer's website]
- [http://www.armyrecognition.com/united_kingdom_british_army_wheeled_vehicle_uk/jackal_1_force_protected_patrol_vehicle_supacat_babcock_marine_information_description_identificatio.html Jackal 1 Technical Data Sheet specifications pictures]
- [http://www.armyrecognition.com/united_kingdom_british_army_wheeled_vehicle_uk/jackal_2_force_protected_patrol_vehicle_supacat_babcock_marine_information_description_identificatio.html Jackal 2 Technical Data Sheet specifications pictures]
- {{cite web|title=Reconnaissance Vehicles|publisher=British Army|url=https://www.army.mod.uk/equipment/reconnaissance-vehicles/}}
- [http://www.armedforces.co.uk/army/listings/l0107.html Jackal 1 and Jackal 2]
- [http://armour.ws/jackal-1-and-2-mwmik/ Jackal 1 & 2 on Armoured Vehicle website]
{{ModernUKAFVsNav | style= wide }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackal (Vehicle)}}
Category:Road vehicles manufactured in the United Kingdom
Category:British Army equipment