Jackson, Minnesota

For centuries, many indigenous peoples called this area home, including the Cheyenne, Ioway, and Dakota tribes. In 1851, the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux opened the region to white settlement in exchange for government payments.

Jackson was originally called Springfield, and was laid out under that name in 1856.{{cite book|last=Upham|first=Warren|title=Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance|url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog|year=1920|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|page=[https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog/page/n281 262]}} The first settlers in what is now Jackson County—William, George, and Charles Wood—established a trading post near the Des Moines River around the same time. A post office called Jackson has been in operation since 1858.{{cite web | url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MN&county=Jackson | title=Jackson County | publisher=Jim Forte Postal History | access-date=13 July 2015}}

On March 26, 1857, the Wahpekute Dakota Chief Inkpaduta and his band attacked the settlement in the Spirit Lake Massacre. There were 11 able-bodied men in Springfield, and three men, three children, and a woman died in the attack. Also lost to the raiders were 12 horses, dry goods, lead and powder. The attack's sole survivor was 14-year-old Abbie Gardner. Terrified of a possible second attack, the beleaguered residents abandoned the area.

Two months later, the Minnesota legislature organized the area into a county, naming it after Saint Paul merchant Henry Jackson. The temporary county seat was at the townsite of Springfield, now renamed Jackson. But the area was still depopulated, and resettlement was slow due to continued hostility. In August 1862, the Dakota, angry at late payments from the government, skirmished with settlers; one such skirmish compelled some Dakota leaders to attack government buildings in the Minnesota River, starting the U.S.-Dakota War. By August 24, the war's effects had reached Jackson County. Warriors raided a community of Norwegian immigrants in Belmont Township, north of Jackson, killing 13 and wounding three. As in 1857, the remaining settlers fled, leaving Jackson County depopulated again.

After the Civil War, resettlement in Jackson County began again. A stockade was built on the east side of the river, encouraging further immigration. Immigrants came mainly from northern and central Europe. They built homes from native timber and prairie sod. Life remained difficult; there were no wagon roads, no bridges, no churches, and only one school. The threat of attack remained, and the region was susceptible to disasters, including prairie fires, severe blizzards, crop failures, and plagues of grasshoppers. But the pioneers survived and helped establish the agricultural and industrial community Jackson is today.{{cite web |url=https://www.jacksonmn.com/our-history/ |website=Jackson Chamber |title=Our History }}

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of {{convert|4.60|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|4.58|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2012-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}

The city lies along Interstate 90, which runs east to west the entire width of Minnesota. Interstate 90 and U.S. Highway 71 are two of the main routes in the city. Jackson is near the center of Jackson County. To the south is the Iowa Lakes region, which comprises Spirit Lake, West Okoboji Lake, and several other small lakes.

{{US Census population

|align=left

|1880= 501

|1890= 720

|1900= 1756

|1910= 1907

|1920= 2144

|1930= 2206

|1940= 2840

|1950= 3313

|1960= 3370

|1970= 3550

|1980= 3797

|1990= 3559

|2000= 3501

|2010= 3299

|2020= 3323

|align-fn=center

|footnote=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060208103743/http://www.census.gov:80/prod/www/abs/decennial/ U.S. Decennial Census]

}}

As of the census{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2012-11-13}} of 2010, there were 3,299 people, 1,489 households, and 856 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|720.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sigfig=4}}. There were 1,635 housing units at an average density of {{convert|357.0|/sqmi|/km2|sigfig=4}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 0.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.4% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 1,509 households, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.5% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 19.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,501 people, 1,487 households, and 887 families living in the city. The population density was {{Convert|921.7|PD/sqmi|/km2|sigfig=4|abbr=out}}. There were 1,659 housing units at an average density of {{Convert|436.8|/sqmi|/km2|sigfig=4|abbr=out}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94.03% White, 0.26% African American, 0.17% Native American, 4.03% Asian, 0.77% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.

There were 1,487 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,452, and the median income for a family was $42,553. Males had a median income of $30,503 versus $21,676 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,444. About 4.6% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

• Ashley Park{{Snd}} Olson-Slaabakken cabin, Jackson County's oldest structure.
• Fort Belmont{{Snd}} 1873 farmhouse, blacksmith shop, log cabin and stockade, 1902 Delafield Lutheran Church.
• Jackson County Fair Village{{Snd}} 20 historical buildings and is located at the Jackson County Fairgrounds
• Jackson County Historical Society and Museum{{Snd}} west of Jackson at Lakefield, Minnesota, provides a look back at the County's history.
• Jackson County Courthouse{{Snd}} Constructed in 1908 with murals adorning the Court Room and Rotunda, listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Though largely a farming community, Jackson has a large industrial park with such businesses as AGCO, Last-Deck, USF Holland, New Fashion Pork, HitchDoc, and Pioneer. AGCO and Challenger tractors are manufactured in Jackson.

Jackson is in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Brad Finstad. At the state level, Jackson is in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and House District 22B, represented by Republican Brian Pfarr.{{cite web | url=https://ballotpedia.org/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives_District_22B | title=Minnesota House of Representatives District 22B }}

The Jackson County School Board operates the county's public schools.

File:Jackson_County_Central_High_School.png

Jackson is home to Minnesota West Community and Technical Community College,{{Cite web |title=Minnesota West Community and Technical College |url=https://www.mnwest.edu/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.mnwest.edu}} which is affiliated with the Minnesota State{{Cite web |title=Minnesota State - A System of Public Colleges and Universities |url=https://www.minnstate.edu/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.minnstate.edu}} system of colleges and universities.

The city-owned Jackson Municipal Airport is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Jackson's central business district.{{FAA-airport|ID=MJQ|use=PU|own=PU|site=10753.*A}}. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective 30 June 2011.

• Gary Amdahl, author{{Cite web |title=Gary Amdahl {{!}} Playwrights' Center |url=https://pwcenter.org/profile/gary-amdahl |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=pwcenter.org |language=en}}
• Jeffrey Bullock, president of the University of Dubuque{{Cite web |title=Office of the President |url=https://www.dbq.edu/AboutUD/OfficeofthePresident/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.dbq.edu |language=en}}
• Stephen Censky, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Agriculture from 2017 to 2020
• David Ellefson, former Megadeth bassist
• Willis H. Flygare, professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois{{cite web |title=Flygare, Willis H. (1936-1981) | Chemistry at Illinois |url=https://chemistry.illinois.edu/spotlight/faculty/flygare-willis-h-1936-1981}}
• Bjarne Elgar Grottum, Minnesota state senator, raised in Jackson{{cite web |title=Grottum, Bjarne Elgar "B.E." |url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.aspx?ID=13116 |work=Legislators Past and Present |publisher=Minnesota Legislative Reference Library |access-date=8 June 2012}}
• Walter Halloran, assisted in Roland Doe's exorcism, which inspired William Peter Blatty's novel The Exorcist{{Cite news |title=Jesuit Priest Walter Halloran |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2005/03/09/jesuit-priest-walter-halloran/2652c7c9-1d04-44b8-abf9-1fa9736d414a/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |issn=0190-8286}}
• Milton C. Portmann, professional football player and decorated U.S. Army officer

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Jackson, Minnesota}}

• [http://www.cityofjacksonmn.com/ City of Jackson Official Website]
• [http://www.jacksonmn.com/pages/OurHistory1/ History of Jackson, MN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916034709/http://www.jacksonmn.com/pages/OurHistory1/ |date=September 16, 2014 }}

{{Jackson County, Minnesota}}

{{Minnesota}}

{{Minnesota county seats}}

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Category:Cities in Minnesota

Category:Cities in Jackson County, Minnesota

Category:County seats in Minnesota

Category:1856 establishments in Minnesota Territory

Category:Populated places established in 1856