Jackson Volcano

{{Short description|Extinct volcano in Mississippi, United States.}}

{{Infobox mountain

| name = Jackson Volcano

| photo = File:Jackson gas wells map.png

| photo_caption = Jackson structure contour map, top of the Clayton, with gas well locations

| elevation_ft = 2900

| elevation_ref = below Jackson

| prominence =

| location = Jackson, Mississippi

| coordinates = {{coord|32.300|-90.172|type:mountain|display=title,inline}}

| topo =

| type = (unknown, extinct)

| age = 66,000,000 years

| last_eruption = Cretaceous

| first_ascent =

| easiest_route =

}}

Jackson Volcano is an extinct volcano {{convert|2900|ft}} beneath the city of Jackson, Mississippi, under the Mississippi Coliseum. The uplifted terrain around the volcano forms the Jackson Dome, an area of dense rock clearly noticeable in local gravity measurements.{{cite journal | last = Dockery III | first = David T. |author2=John C. Marble |author3=Jack Henderson | title = The Jackson Volcano | journal = Mississippi Geology | volume = 18| issue = 3 | pages = 33–45 | year = 1997 | url = https://www.mdeq.ms.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Vol_18_3.pdf}} E.W. Hilgard published his theory of an anticline beneath Jackson in 1860 due to his observations of surface strata.Moore, William H. (1965) Hinds County Geology and Mineral Resources. Jackson, Miss: Mississippi Geological Survey Bulletin 105. p. 149.Hilgard, E.W. (1860) Report on the Geology and Agriculture of the State of Mississippi. Jackson: E. Barksdale, State Printer. p. 129 The dome contains relatively pure carbon dioxide which is used in oil production in Gulf Coast oil fields.Denbury Resources. "CO2 Sources" Retrieved 28 August 2015. [http://www.denbury.com/operations/gulf-coast-region/co2-sources-and-pipelines/default.aspx Denbury website] The noble gas data suggests mantle origins with a date of 70 million years for the Jackson Dome intrusion.Thomas, David C. and Benson, Sally M., editors. (2005) 1st ed. "Volume 2 -Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide with Monitoring and Verification." in Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 691-2 Geologists have evidence of repeated uplifts accompanied by dike intrusions and volcanic extrusions, erosion, and sedimentation with one coral reef having developed during a submergence. Much of the oil at the crest of the dome volatilized during a late uplift, but oil production wells numbered over a hundred in 1934.Priddy, Richard Randall (1960) Madison County Geology. University, Miss.: Mississippi State Geological Survey Bulletin 88. p. 36.

Jackson Volcano is believed to have been extinct for at least 66 million years.{{Cite web |url=http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/Geology_faq?OpenDocument |title=Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality: Frequently Asked Questions |access-date=2008-07-11 |archive-date=2006-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923111724/http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/Geology_faq?OpenDocument |url-status=dead }}{{cite book|last1=Shelton|first1=M.F.|editor1-last=Braunstein|editor1-first=Jules|title=Tinsley Oil Field, Yazoo County, Mississippi, in North American Oil and Gas Fields|date=1976|publisher=The American Association of Petroleum Geologists|location=Tulsa|isbn=978-0891813002|pages=239}} A hypothesis states that the Jackson Volcano and related igneous activity in Mississippi were a result of the North America Plate's passage over the Bermuda hotspot 66 million years ago.{{cite book | last = Vogt | first = Peter R. |author2=Woo-Yeol Jung | title = Origin of the Bermuda volcanoes and the Bermuda Rise: History, observations, models, and puzzles | journal = Special Paper 430: Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes | volume = 430| pages =553–591 | publisher = Geological Society of America | year = 2007 | url = http://www.mantleplumes.org/P%5E4/P%5E4Chapters/VogtBermudaP4AcceptedMS.pdf | doi = 10.1130/2007.2430(27)| isbn = 978-0-8137-2430-0 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.484.2851 }} Alternatively, the volcanism may have been part of a worldwide eruption driven by superplumes, similar to the conditions that created the Deccan Traps and the Siberian Traps.

The volcano is one of four total located inside cities in the United States, with Diamond Head in Honolulu, Hawaii, Pilot Butte in Bend, Oregon, and Mount Tabor in Portland, Oregon being the others. The volcano was discovered in 1819.

{{cite news|first=University of|last=Mississippi|title=The Geology of Mississippi|url=http://smartweed.olemiss.edu/nmgk8/curriculum/middleschool/eighth/geology_of_mississippi/The%20Geology%20of%20Mississippi.pdf|work=University of Mississippi|date=2003-12-12|access-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126202854/http://smartweed.olemiss.edu/nmgk8/curriculum/middleschool/eighth/geology_of_mississippi/The%20Geology%20of%20Mississippi.pdf|archive-date=2007-11-26}}